• The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2018

Computer simulation was performed using the SIMION program to develop an electron gun for MCP cleaning. The target, MCP, is located 180mm from the source of the electron gun, and the diameter of the MCP is approximately 20mm. Therefore, we tried to find the condition that the beam diameter of electrons reaching the MCP is to be 20mm using four variables such as E, ${\phi}$, d1, d2, where the E is the energy of the electron reaching the MCP, the ${\phi}$ is the diameter of the extractor, and the d1 and the d2 are the distance from the electron source to the end of the extractor tube, and to the wall of chamber, respectively. As a result of simulation, we figuried out that the E and the d2 have little effect on the beam diameter. On the other hand, we also found that the beam diameters were very sensitive to the d1 and varied relatively large with respect to the ${\phi}$, and the d1 was the secondary order function of the ${\phi}$. Therefore we found that this function will allow us to design electron guns that are suitable for the purposes of this study.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2017

We evaluated the fruit quality and the incidence of physiological disorders in Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) cultivar 'Jinhwang' treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, $1.0{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$) under different temperature conditions to determine appropriate shelf-life period. The postharvest application of 1-MCP in 'Jinhwang' pears showed positive effects at all storage temperature (18, 25 or $30^{\circ}C$) with regard to flesh firmness, marketable fruits (>20N) only attainted with 1-MCP treated fruit after 21 days of shelf-life. A high incidences of physiological disorders and of fruit decay rates were obvious in the fruits distributed at $30^{\circ}C$ and low incidence of physiological disorders including core browning and mealiness were attained at the fruits treated with 1-MCP when we compared with untreated control. The production of ethylene and respiration rates increase coincide with elevated distribution temperature. High respiration rates were obvious in the control fruits, it reached approximately two times higher than the that of 1-MCP treated one regardless of market temperature. These results demonstrated that the application of 1-MCP, especially at high temperature market condition, represented as an effective postharvest technique for newly developed Asian pear 'Jinhwang'.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 2017

Pigs have been extensively used as mediators of xenotransplantation research. Specifically, the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) miniature pig was developed to fix major histocompatibility antigens for use in xenotransplantation studies. We generated transgenic pigs for xenotransplantation using MGH pigs. However, it has not been studied yet whether these pigs show similarity of reproductive physiological characteristics to wild types of MGH miniature pig. In this study we analyzed the estrous cycles and pregnancy characteristics of wild type (WT) and transgenic MGH miniature pigs, which were ${\alpha}1,3$-galactosyltransferase (GalT) heterozygous and homozygous knock-out, and membrane cofactor protein (MCP) inserted in its locus, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs. Estrous cycles of WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were $20.9{\pm}0.74$, $20.1{\pm}1.26$, and $17.3{\pm}0.87days$, respectively, and periods of estrous were $3.2{\pm}0.10$, $3.1{\pm}0.12$, and $3.1{\pm}0.11days$. The periods of gestation of WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were $114.2{\pm}0.37$, $113.3{\pm}0.67$, and $115.4{\pm}0.51days$, respectively. Litter sizes of WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were $4.8{\pm}0.35$, $4.8{\pm}1.11$ and $3.0{\pm}0.32$ respectively. There were no significant differences on estrous cycle, periods of estrous and gestation, and litter size among WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs, meaning that GalT knock-out and additional expression MCP of the MGH miniature pig did not effect on reproduction traits. These results provide relevant information to establish breeding system for MGH transgenic pig, and for propagation of $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pig to supply for xenotransplantation research.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.511-515
• /
• 2007

'Ooishiwase' plum (Prunus salicina L.) fruits were harvested at three pre-climacteric stages of ripeness (stages 1, 2, and 3) and treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, $1\;{\mu}L/L$) for 24 hours at $10^{\circ}C$ before storage to evaluate the effectiveness of 1-MCP in extending shelf-life at $10^{\circ}C$. Ethylene production and respiration rates were significantly lower after 1-MCP treatment compared to those of control fruit, throughout the entire storage period. Also 1-MCP delayed plum softening and color changes. However the chemical 1-MCP had no effect on fruit soluble solid content changes, the preservative 1-MCP is an effective tool for quality improvement in plums, and extension of shelf life of the fruit and plums can safely be harvested at stage 3 of ripening, at which time the most desirable organoleptic attributes have been developed.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.534-542
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruit quality and incidence of physiological disorders for keeping freshness during marketing period in Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) 'Wonhwang' and 'Whasan'. Fruits were treated with $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP for 12 hours at $25^{\circ}C$, at two or three stages of ripeness as determined by days after full bloom (DAFB). Fruits were harvested at 130 and 140 DAFB in early season cultivar 'Wonhwang' and 135, 145, and 150 DAFB in mid-season cultivar 'Whasan', respectively. Fruits were stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 21 days and measured the flesh firmness, weight loss, soluble solids, acidity, ethylene, respiration and severity of physiological disorders at week interval. 1-MCP treatment to 'Wonhwang' pears harvested at 130 and 140 DAFB effectively delayed firmness loss during storage at $25^{\circ}C$. Untreated fruits of 'Wonhwang' pears harvested at 130 DAFB showed 32.3 and 10.1N of firmness after 14 and 21 days of shelf-life at $25^{\circ}C$, respectively, while those of the 1-MCP treated fruits showed 39.4 and 33.1N during same period. In the fruits harvested at 140 DAFB, the firmness of untreated fruit was lowered to 14.8 and 6.6N after 14 and 21 days, respectively, but those of 1-MCP treated fruit were 35.0 and 33.3N, respectively. Whereas, 1-MCP treatment delayed firmness loss only in the fruit harvested late (150 DAFB) in 'Whasan' pears. Higher soluble solids content and acidity during extended shelf-life were apparent in 1-MCP treated 'Wonhwang' pears, while those of 'Whasan' pears were little changed. 'Wonhwang' pears showed a relatively high ethylene production (maximum $0.58{\mu}l{\cdot}L^{-1}$) in the fruits harvested late than early harvested one. 'Whasan' pears showed little amount of ethylene production regardless of extended shelf-life. 1-MCP treatment to 'Wonhwang' pears decreased respiration rate following shelf-life, 42 and 50% reduction were observed at 14 days of shelf-life when compared with those of untreated ones harvested at 130 and 140 DAFB, respectively. No reduction of respiration rate by the treatment of 1-MCP was detected in 'Whasan' pears which showed considerably low respiration rate compared with 'Wonhwang' pears. Harvest time influenced the level of physiological disorders together with extension of shelf-life in both the cultivars. 1-MCP treatment completely blocked the incidence of internal browning of 'Wonhwang' pears harvested at 130 DAFB, and reduced the incidences of pithiness and core browning, while it promoted the flesh spot decay disorder regardless of harvest time. 1-MCP treatment was of little benefit for the prevention of physiological disorders in 'Whasan' pears compared with those of 'Wonhwang'.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 2018

This study examined the effects of zerumbone on monocyte migration. Monocytes are recognized as important mediators of various inflammatory diseases, and the possibility of controlling inflammatory diseases by regulating the monocyte functions, such as activity and mobility, has been reported. MCP-1, which is a chemokine with levels that increase upon inflammation, causes the migration of the monocyte cell line, THP-1. Migration occurred at a concentration of 10 ng/mL MCP-1, and the highest migration occurred at 100 ng/mL and 200 ng/mL. MCP-1-induced THP-1 migration decreased by more than 40% in the presence of zerumbone. The concentration of cAMP, an important secondary messenger of the CCR2 signaling pathway, the MCP-1 receptor, was increased in the culture medium after a zerumbone treatment. The concentrations of cAMP decreased significantly under the MCP-1 treatment condition only. On the other hand, an increase in cAMP was observed when zerumbone and MCP-1 were treated simultaneously. Erk phosphorylation induced by an MCP-1 treatment was also found to decrease with the zerumbone treatment. This study introduces the possibility of controlling inflammatory diseases through the function of zerumbone, which regulates the migration of monocytes.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.308-316
• /
• 2013

Fresh ginseng has a limited storage life due to the quality change caused by microbial spoilage as well as physiological deterioration. The present study investigated the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, an inhibitor of ethylene action, on the microbial growth and quality maintenance of fresh ginseng during storage. Harvested fresh ginsengs were treated with $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP for 20 hours at $4^{\circ}C$ and then stored at room temperature (RT) for 18 days or low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) for 160 days. After 18 days of storage at RT, the percentage weight loss in 1-MCP treated fresh ginseng (8.3%) is lower than that of control (10.1%). During long-term storage at $4^{\circ}C$, weight losses were increased slightly until 120 days without difference between non-treated and 1-MCP ginsengs. In contrast, after 120 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$, higher increase in weight loss was observed in non-treated ginsengs than in 1-MCP treated ginsengs. Respiration rate and ethylene production of fresh ginseng were reduced by 1-MCP treatments at RT. The 1-MCP treatment also resulted in lower microbial population compared to those of non-treated ginsengs at RT. However, in ginsengs stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for short-term (45 days), no differences were noted in weight loss and microbial population between 1-MCP treated and non-treated ginsengs. Major ginsenosides was not changed by 1-MCP treatment during the 7 days of storage at RT. Results suggest that 1-MCP treatment can be used to maintain the freshness of ginseng at room temperature for short term storage and at low temperature for long term storage. 1-MCP treatment could be applied on fresh ginseng to avoid deleterious effect of exogenous ethylene during storage and shipping.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.3601-3604
• /
• 2016

Background: The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is a potent chemoattractant for natural killer cells, monocytes, and memory T lymphocytes. However, any role in the genesis of salivary gland tumors (SGT) is unknown. To assess the diagnostic relevance of chemokines in SGT, MCP-1 levels in the serum of patients were investigated in association with tumor progression and clinical aggressiveness. Materials and Methods: Using an ELISA kit, we assessed and compared the circulating levels of MCP-1 in blood serum of 70 SGT patients with 44 healthy control samples. Results: The results of this study showed that the concentration of MCP-1 was significantly lower in patients with benign ($463.8{\pm}158.5pg/ml$, P=0.033) and malignant ($454.8{\pm}190.4pg/ml$, P=0.007) SGT than in healthy subjects ($645.7{\pm}338.9$). No significant difference in mean serum levels of MCP-1 was observed between the benign and malignant group (p=0.9). While MCP-1 levels were lower in patients with an advanced clinical stage, advanced tumor size, higher tumor grade, or lymph node involvement, but the mean MCP-1 level between groups showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusions: MCP-1 levels in the serum of patients with SGT were decreased, indicating that this might a good marker for discriminating patients with SGT from healthy people. However, no clear-cut relationship was detected between MCP-1 levels and clinicopathologic factors, and MCP-1 is not a good marker for evaluating tumor dissemination.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2018

The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in the storability of kimchi cabbage at cold storage condition was investigated. Kimchi cabbage (Brassica campestris L. cv Ryouckgwang) was divided four groups, forced air cooling (FAC), FAC + 0.03 mm linear low density polyethylene liner (Liner), $FAC+2{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP (1-MCP), and FAC + 1-MCP + Liner. After each treatment kimchi cabbage was stored at $2^{\circ}C$, 95% RH. Quality parameters were weight loss, soluble solids content (SSC), firmness, and color ($CIE\;L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, chroma, hue angle). Weight loss during storage was showed significant difference by Liner treatment. In particular FAC + 1-MCP + Liner treatment showed 12.5% reduction after 6 weeks of storage period and minimized the weight loss rate compared to other treatments. SSC of kimchi cabbage was $2.5^{\circ}Brix$ at harvest and FAC + 1-MCP + Liner treatment maintained the SSC until 3 weeks, while in other treatments gradually were increased. The firmness of kimchi cabbage was 24.0 N immediately after harvest and the firmness at harvest time tended to be maintained at 22.6 N after 6 weeks of storage in FAC + 1-MCP + Liner treatment. During the storage period, the color change of the kimchi cabbage leaf can be confirmed by $CIE\;a^*$ and hue angle value. 1-MCP treatment alone did not affect the color change, however 1-MCP + Liner treatment was able to maintain the chromaticity at harvest time while minimizing the change of $CIE\;a^*$ and hue angle. These results suggest that 1-MCP treatment is not effective for the storage of kimchi cabbage but can be maintained for up to 6 weeks when treated with Liner.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.199-201
• /
• 2008

Eosinophil is an improtant leukocyte in the development of various inflammatory diseases. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) acts as a key regulator on monocyte movement, and activation of T cells and NK cells. However, the role of MCP-1 in eosinophils remains to be solved. In the present study, we examined the effect of MCP-1 on eosinophil migration, using human eosinophilic EoL-1 cells as an in vitro model of eosinophils. The surface expression of CCR2 in EoL-1 cells was little detected but MCP-1 strongly induced EoL-1 cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. Increased chemotactic activity due to MCP-1 was blocked by pertussis toxin, a $G_i/G_o$ protein inhibitor and U73122, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. These results suggest that MCP-1 activates $G_i/G_o$ protein and PLC and this signal pathway is involved in eosinphil movement. This finding supports the elucidation of pathogenic mechanism of eosinophilic inflammation such as asthma and atopic dermatitis.