• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate geochemical characteristics for stream sediments in the Naju area. We collected 139 stream sediments samples from primary channels. Samples were dried slowly in the laboratory and chemical analysis was carried out using XRF. ICP-AES and NAA. In order to investigate geochemical characteristics, the geological groups categorized into granitic gneiss area, schist area, granite area, arenaceous rock area, tuff area, andesite area, and rhyolite area. Average contents of major elements for geological groups are $SiO_2\;58.37{\sim}66.06wt.%,\;Al_2O_3\;13.98{\sim}18.41wt.%,\;Fe_2O_3\;4.09{\sim}6.10wt.%,\;CaO\;0.54{\sim}1.33wt.%,\;MgO\;0.86{\sim}1.34wt.%,\;K_2O\;2.38{\sim}4.01wt.%,\;Na_2O\;0.90{\sim}1.32wt.%,\;TiO_2\;0.82{\sim}1.03wt.%,\;MnO\;0.09{\sim}0.15wt.%,\;P_2O_5\;0.11{\sim}0.18wt.%$. According to the comparison of average contents of major elements, $Al_2O_3\;and\;K_2O$ are higher in granitic gneiss area, $Fe_2O_3,\;CaO,\;P_2O_5$ are higher in tuff area, MgO and $TiO_2$ are higher in andesite area, $Na_2O_$ is higher in rhyolite area, $SiO_2$, and MnO are higher in arenaceous rock area. Average contents of minor and rare earth elements for geological groups are $Ba\;1278{\sim}1469ppm,\;Be\;1.1{\sim}1.5ppm,\;Cu\;18{\sim}25ppm,\;Nb\;25{\sim}37ppm,\;Ni\;16{\sim}25ppm,\;Pb\;21{\sim}28ppm,\;Sr\;83{\sim}155ppm,\;V\;64{\sim}98ppm,\;Zr\;83{\sim}146ppm,\;Li\;32{\sim}45ppm,\;Co\;7.2{\sim}12.7ppm,\;Cr\;37{\sim}76ppm,\;Cs\;4.8{\sim}9.1ppm,\;Hf\;7.5{\sim}25ppm,\;Rb\;88{\sim}178ppm,\;Sc\;7.7{\sim}12.6ppm,\;Zn\;83{\sim}143ppm,\;Pa\;11.3{\sim}37ppm,\;Ce\;69{\sim}206ppm,\;Eu\;1.1{\sim}1.5ppm,\;Yb\;1.8{\sim}4.4ppm$. According to the comparison of average contents of minor and rare earth elements for geological groups, Pb, Li, Cs, Hf, Rb, Sb, Pa, Ce, Eu, and Yb are higher in granitic gneiss area; Ba, Co, and Cr in schist area; Nb, Ni, and Zr in arenaceous rock area; Sr in tuff area: and Be, Cu, V, Sc, and Zn are such in andesite area.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 1994

Indium, element of group III, was refined by using zone refining for high purity refinement. We have found the impurities of T1, Zn, Fe, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Sn in the refined indium with ICP-AES, so that 3.9 weight ppm of T1 was reduced to less than 1 ppm, 1.0 weight ppm of Zn was reduced to 0.7 ppm, 2.8 weight ppm of Cd was reduced to 2.5 ppm and 14.0 weight ppm of Sn was reduced to 6.7 ppm with 5 melten zone passes only. 3.9 weight ppm of T1 was reduced to less than 1 ppm, 1.0 weight ppm of Zn was reduced to 0.3 ppm, 2.8 weight ppm of Cd was reduced to less than 1.0 ppm and 14.0 weight ppm of Sn was reduced to 0.4 ppm after vacuum baking with 5 melten zone passes. The surface morpholgy of metal Indium thin film in each conditions showed that porosities were reduced in the front of sampled ingot after vacuum baking with 5 zone melten zone passes. The average electrical resistivity of Indium thin film was reduced from 1.4*10$^{-3}$ .ohm.-cm in Indium origin ingot to 7.9*10$^{-6}$ .ohm.-cm after zone refined with 5 melten zone passes.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2001

In order to study the long-term change of water quality, water analysis for 9 items was conducted at 13 sites surrounding the Kumho river system for 18 times from September 1993 to August 1999. Analytical items for the study of water quality are as follows; water temperature, pH, BOD, COD, DO, SS, electrical conductivity, oil and grease, ABS and phenol. The six year term was divided into Part I(second study) and Part Ⅱ(third study), which covers the term from September 1993 to August 1996 and the term from September 1996 to August 1999, respectively. The mean values obtained for three years for water temperature, pH, BOD, COD, DO, SS, electrical conductivity, oil and grease, ABS and phenol for the Part I period showed 18.4$^{\circ}C$, 7.9, 4.88 ppm, 9.66 ppm, 9.0 ppm, 618.0 umho/cm, 6.9 ppm, 2.63 ppm, 3.57 ppm and 0.98 ppm, respectively. The mean values obtained for water temperature, pH, BOD, COD, DO, SS, electrical conductivity, oil and grease, ABS and phenol for the Part Ⅱ period showed 18.0$^{\circ}C$, 8.0, 2.86 ppm, 7.40 ppm, 8.94 ppm, 541.0 umho/cm, 6.0 ppm, 5.43 ppm, 0.94 ppm and 0.01 ppm respectively. The values of BOD, COD, SS, electrical conductivity, ABS and phenol in the second period were found to be decreased by 1/1.71, 1/1.31, 1/4.15, 1/3.80 and 1/98, respectively. The values of water temperature, pH and DO were nearly constant. However, the concentrations of oil and grease were found to be increased about 2.06 times in the second period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.97-116
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• 1984

Volatile aroma components were extracted from Korean burley tobacco (grades: heavy-1, heavy-5, thin-1, and thin-5) by using a vacuum steam distillation apparatus. Individual flavor components were identified by combination of Carbowax20M (used silica capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Out of the identified components, neophytadiene (43.6ppm), megastigna-4,6,8-trien-3-one (4isomers) (3.32-23.5 1ppm), ethanol (1.8ppm), and ethylacetate (4.7ppm) were contained less in burley heavy grade-5 tobacco than in heavy grade 1 ; neophytadiene (43.7pp), megastigma-4,6,8-triers-3-one (4 isomers) (1.09-3.03ppm), ethylacetate (7.9ppm), and ethanol (8.4ppm), were less in burley thin grade 5 tobacco than in thin grade 1 : nicotin (75.79ppm), and solanone (8.5ppm) were less in burley heavy grade 1 tobacco than in burley heavy grade 5: solanone (5.76ppm), geranylacetone (9.02ppm), phenylacetaldehyde (1.12ppm), $\beta$-phenylethylalcohol (1.93ppm), and dihydroactinidiolide (1.39ppm) were less in burley thin grade 1 than in burley thin grade 5. On the other hand, iso-valeraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde, dimethylpyrazine, and propionic acid were not identified in Korean burley tobacco, but in American burley tobacco.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1982

The water quality at the Nakdong River stream was surveyed for 3 years from 1978 to 1980 at quarterly intervals of January, April, June and October at 12 sites along the main stream from Sangju to Imhaejin and at 2 sites of Geumho and Nam River tributaries. The overall results are summarized as follows: 1) The levels of dissolved oxygen in the Geumho River tributary on the basis of three-year average were 0.7 ppm in January, 1.3 ppm in April, 4.0 ppm in July and 0.8 ppm in October. BOD concentrations in the same period were 91 ppm in January, 37 ppm in April, 6 ppm in July and 24 ppm in October. The water of Geumho River was so highly contaminated that the water seems to be unsuitable for any type of water use. 2) The relatively clean water in the upstream of the main Nakdong River was rapidly polluted by the highly contaminated water of Geumho tributary. That is, dissolved oxygen and BOD at Hwawon site right after junction of the tributary were 10.4, 8.8 ppm in January, 5.8, 6.5 ppm in April, 6.3, 3.2 ppm in July and 7.0, 5.3 ppm in October, respectively. The values of turbidity, ammoniacal nitrogen and electrical conductivity were also observed to be quite high.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 1988

This study was designed to find out whether the water quality of Lake Daeho would be suitable for Sgricultural purposes during 1984-1988 perird. Thr results were as follows ; 1. There was an apparent seasonal temperature fluctuation$(6-25^{\circ}C)$ above the entrance of the culvert at the depth of 14m, but the temperature below remained constant at $11,9^{\circ}C$. 2. The yearly water qualities observed at the deepest site by the seadike were 7.4-7.5 pH, 16,800-1,472 ${\mu}mhos/cm$ EC, 9.2-10.8ppm DO, 1.3-2.5ppm DOD, 2.4-5.3ppm COD, 0.22-2.29ppm T-N, 0.01-0.10ppm T-P. 3. The average values of water qualities at the epilimnion in 1988 were 7.6 pH, 1,745umhos/cm EC, 10.8ppm DO, 1.8ppm DOD, 2.4ppm COD, 0.52ppm T-N, 0.05ppm T-P. 4. The salinity of the epilimnion at a 6m depth was 29,000ppm before the final closure of the seadike. It was 11,000 ppm in March 1984, 4,300ppm in March 1985, 2,000ppm in March 1986 and 1987, and 900ppm in March 1988. The salinity of the whole water column decreased from 29.000ppm to 1,200 ppm in March 1988. The average salinity above and below the culvert in 1987 was about 1,300ppm, and 30,000ppm respectively reaching that of seawater. 5. The highest salinity was observed at the epilimnion by the seadike, showing about 5,835ppm in 1984. 6. The seasonal salinity fluctuation was 2,000ppm in May, 800ppm in October, and 485ppm in September 1987. 7. The halocline was observed at the depth of 14m where the entrance of the culvert was located. Therefore, the epilimnion water is suitable for agricultural purposes, and the intake of water from Lake Sapkyo seems to be unnecessary.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.266-272
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• 2002

This research is compared and analyzed variations of the heavy metal contents in human hairs according to treating permanent wave manipulation before and after and permanent wave agents. This is the survey of women's hairs in 19 years old. On the basis of this we would like to analyze a extend of exposing of heavy metal scientifically. Also, we would to show a basic data for the permitted limits of heavy metal to keep the healthy hair The conclusion is as follows.; Mean contents of heavy metal in hairs is 2.11 ppm (Pb), 0.25 ppm (Cd), 2.62 ppm (Ni), 256 ppm (Zn), 8.45 ppm (Cu). In reducing agents (processing lotions) of perm, 1.50 ppm (Pb), 0.03 ppm (Cd), 0.05 ppm (Ni), 15.45 ppm (Zn), 0.86 ppm (Cu) in a perm (S), 2.30 ppm (Pb), 0.05 ppm (Cd), 0.05 ppm (Ni), 13.05 ppm (Zn), 0.65 ppm (Cu) in a perm (T). In oxidizing agents (neutralizer) of perm, 1.40 ppm (Pb), 0.03 ppm (Cd), 0.09 ppm (Ni), 9.05 ppm (Zn), 0.65 ppm (Cu) in a perm (S), 1.50 ppm (Pb), 0.02 ppm (Cd), 0.16 ppm (Ni), 8.00 ppm (Zn), 0.85 ppm (Cu) in a perm (T). Mean contents of lead(Pb) didn't show significant differences according to treating cysteine perm agents, showed it according to 3 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.05). Mean contents of cadmium(Cd) showed significant differences (p<0.001) according to 2 treating both perm agents. Mean contents of nickel (Ni) showed neither. Mean contents of zinc (Zn) showed significant differences according to 2 treating cysteine perm agents (p<0.001) and 1 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.01). Mean contents of copper (Cu) didn't show significant differences according to treating cysteine perm agents, showed it according to 1 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.001).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 1983

An experimental study was carried out to determine the degree of contamination of cyanide and metals in each stork's (Ciconia c. boyciana) organ. The samples used for this experiment were gullet, respiratory tract, stomach content, rectum, lung, liver, heart, pancreas, gall, kidney, and muscles. Those samples were isolated by Conway microdiffusion method and determined by UV spectrophotometry for the cyanide, on the other hand, the samples for metals were dissolved by mercury digestion apparatus and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results are as follows: 1) The quantities of cyanide accumulated in each organ were from 0.05 to 2.57 ppm and concentration of those in tissues was in order of 2.57 ppm in stomach content, 2.13 ppm in lung, 1.58 ppm in kidney, 1.22 ppm in gall, 0.52 ppm in pancreas, 0.32 ppm in heart, 0.25 ppm in rectum, 0.20 ppm in gullet, 0.19 ppm in liver, 0.07 ppm in muscles and 0.05 ppm in respiratory tract. 2) The calcium content is in a range of 10.89-105.74 ppm, iron is 2.47-557.70 ppm, zinc is 2.37-23.62 ppm, cupper is < 0.1- 1.76 ppm and cadmium, nickel, cobalt and lead is beyond 0.5 ppm, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

Urban sewage and stream water in Wonju city were examined and the results were as follows: The average water quality of Wonju stream was flow 52.8m$^3$/min, BOD 21.14ppm, COD 7.06 ppm, SS 212.4ppm, Cl$^-$ 23.14ppm, O-Phosphate 1.08ppm, NH$_3$-N 1.08ppm, NO$_2$-N 2.63ppm and pH 7.48 respectively. The average water quality of urban sewage was flow 2.76m$^3$/min, BOD 112.7ppm, COD 33.6ppm, SS 374.4ppm, Cl$^-$ 46.2ppm, O-Phosphate 1.56ppm, NH$_3$-N 5.96ppm and NO$_2$-N 3.28 ppm respectively. The quality of stream water showed was 4th grade area according to environmental water quality standard. The survey showed k$_1$ 0.11day$^{-1}$, k$_2$ 0.29day$^{-1}$ and the self- purification coefficient 2.5 in average.. In calculating oxygen variation in water by Streeter-Phelp's equation the zero station exhibited in down stream.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.662-668
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• 2009

Brazilin was added to frying oil used in the production of potato chips and their antioxidative effects against Caesalpinia sappan L. were evaluated. Additionally, the antioxidative activity was tested under the same conditions that commercial antioxidants are evaluated. The peroxide value of the oil and fat extracted from the potato chips was 134 meg/kg oil, 84.06 meg/kg oil, 117.10 meg/kg oil and 68.56 meg/kg oil in the control group, BHA(50 ppm)-BHT(50 ppm) group, $\delta$-tocopherol (100 ppm) group and brazilin(100 ppm) group after storage for 30 days. The antioxidative effect of chips subjected to these treatments were 1.6 times, 1.14 times and 1.97 times greater than that of the control. In addition, the peroxide value was lower in the brazilin(100 ppm) group than in the BHA(50 ppm)-BHT(50 ppm) group and this group also had a superior effect at inhibiting the production of peroxide. Furthermore, an experiment conducted at high temperature using the Rancimat resulted in the antioxidant activity of brazilin(100 ppm) and BHA(50 ppm)-BHT(50 ppm) being 1.53 and 1.4 times greater than that of commonly used synthetic antioxidants. Finally, brazilin(100 ppm) effectively decreased the palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$)/linoleic acid($C_{18:2}$) value and increased the conjugated dienoic acid content to a greater degree than commercial antioxidants.