• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 1999

Objectives : "Alexithymia" mean literally "no word for mood(or emotion)". It is not only a marked constriction in emotional functioning but a deficit in their cognitive processing. We designed this study to investigate the level of alexithymia, psychopathology and personality factors of patients with somatoform disorder and with diabetes mellitus. Methods : The subjects were consisted of patients with somatoform disorder(N=20), patients with diabetes mellitus(N=20), and normal control(N=20). The level of alexithymia, psychopathology and personality factors were assessed by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale(TAS), the Symptom Checklist 90-Revision(SCL 90-R), and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire(16-PF). And we compared demographic characteristics, psychopathology and personality factors among three groups, and assessed the relationship between alexithymia and psychopathology, and between alexithymia and personality factors. Results : The results were as follows. 1) Patients with somatoform disorder showed significantly higher TAS scores compared to patients with diabetes mellitus and the normal control group. 2) Patients With somatoform disorder showed significantly higher scores of somatization, anxiety scales than patients with diabetes mellitus and the normal control group, and showed significantly higher scores of obsessive-compulsive, depression, phobic anxiety, psychoticism scales than the normal control group by the SCL-90-R. 3) The normal control group showed high intelligence scores only as compared to patients with somatoform disorder by the 16-PF. 4) A significant relationship was found between TAS scores and psychopathology in patients with somatoform disorder. 5) All three groups did not shown any correlation between TAS and 16-PF. Conclusion : Patients with somatoform disorder showed higher TAS scores and more multiple psychopathology than patients with diabetes mellitus and the normal controls. A significant relationship was found between TAS scores and psychopathology in patients with somatoform disorder. We suggest that the therapeutic approach to patients with somatoform disorder to express emotions and manage psychopathology, and that the treatment methods of patients with diabetes mellitus aims to improve firstly physical conditions are more helpful.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.214
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• pp.8-9
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• 2007

신장 합병증은 당뇨병환자가 사망하게 되는 주요 원인의 하나이다. 성인 당뇨병은 주로 제2형 당뇨병으로 1형보다 상대적으로 신장의 합병증이 덜 발생하는 것처럼 보이는데, 이는 신장 합병증의 발생에 다소 시일이 걸리기 때문이다. 따라서 그 전에 심근경색이나 뇌경색 같은 심혈관계 질환으로 사망하는 경우가 많다. 그러나 최근 심혈관계 질환에 대한 치료가 발달해 생존률이 높아져 신장 합병증의 유병률이 높아지고 있다. 당뇨병환자의 교육을 들어보면 신장관리를 포함한 모든 합병증의 예방과 관리에는 혈당조절이 기본원칙이다. 그러나 많은 환자들이 혈당조절의 어려움을 겪고, 방치해 결국 합병증에 의한 사망에까지 다다른다. 신장질환으로 인해 복막투석이나 혈액투석을 하는 환자를 보면 당뇨로 인해 신장기능이 손상된 경우가 많다. 당뇨가 모든 합병증과 신체건강에 영향을 주는 것은 사실이다. 이번 호에서는 당뇨병이 신장기능에 미치는 영향과 혈당조절과 식사조절이 신장과 어떠한 관계가 있는지 알아보도록 하자.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.696-702
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of green tea extracts (GTE) in diabetic rats. Experimental animals used were alloxan-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats; as a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus and Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats, and as a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Animals were randomly assigned either to continue the ad libitum diet or begin a green tea extracts (GTE) contained diet. GTE extracted from green tea was supplemented in the diet (2%). Body weight, food intake, and blood glucose concentration were recorded for 4 weeks. Animals were killed and glucose, triglyceride, and asparate aminotransferase (AST) were analysed in blood. Food intake was not affected by GTE in both alloxan.induced diabetic and OLETF rats but body weight was slightly decreased by GTE in OLETF rats. The blood glucose concentration was markedly decreased by GTE supplementation in both alloxan-induced diabetic and OLETF rats; however, triglyceride and AST levels in serum of GTE treated animals were not changed. This study shows that GTE beneficially modulate blood glucose concentration in diabetic animals. Dietary supplementation with GTE could potentially contribute to nutritional strategies for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.649-659
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare the level of MMP-1 in the healthy or inflamed gingival tissue of patients with or without type 2 diabetic mellitus. We investigated whether mean amount of MMP-1 was changed by chronic periodontitis and type 2 DM. Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery or tooth extraction. According to the patient's systemic condition & clinical criteria of gingiva, each gingival sample was divided into the three group. Group 1(n=8) was clinically healthy gingiva without bleeding and no evidence of bone resorption or periodontal pockets, obtained from systemically healthy 8 patients. Group 2(n=8) was inflamed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis. Group 3(n=8) was inflamed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. Tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting. The quantitative analysis of MMP-1 was performed using a densitometer and statistically analyzed by ANOVA. MMP-1 was expressed in all samples and an increased MMP-1 level was observed in group 2 compared to group 1 and decreased MMP-1 level was found group 3 compared to group 2, but the differences among 3 groups were not statistically significant. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that MMP-1 levels of inflamed gingiva of systemically healthy patient(group 2) were higher than normal gingiva of systemically health patients and although the severity of gingival inflammation in group 2 and 3 were similar, MMP-1 expression was decreased in diabetic patients than systemically healthy periodontal patients.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.217
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• pp.21-23
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• 2007

당뇨병환자에서 혈당조절의 중요성은 '앙꼬 없는 찐빵' 또는 '김 없는 김밥'과의 관계와 같다. 당뇨병이 우리가 먹은 음식이 우리 몸에서 잘 활용되지 못하고, 소변으로 당이 넘쳐흘러서 나오는 현상을 보고 붙여진 이름인 것을 생각하면 둘 간의 관계는 땔래야 땔 수 없는 관계라 할 수 있습니다. 우리가 무서워하는 당뇨병의 합병증은 혈당조절을 잘 하게 되면 많은 부분 예방이 가능하다는 것을 알 수 있습니다. 제 1형 당뇨병의 대표적 연구인 DCCT 연구 결과를 보면 당화혈색소를 8.0%에서 7.2%로 낮추면 망막증의 진행을 40$\sim$50%를 줄일 수 있었습니다. 제 2형 당뇨병의 대표적 연구인 UKPDS연구는 당화혈색소 1%를 줄이면 미세혈관합병증은 37%, 심근경색은 14% 감소된다는 것을 확인해 주었습니다. 그 이외에도 많은 연구들에서 결과의 차이는 있지만 적극적이고 엄격한 혈당조절은 합병증의 발생을 예방하며, 발생된 합병증의 진행 속도를 늦출 수 있는 가장 효과적인 방법으로 증명하고 있습니다. 그런데 여러분들께서는 위에 언급한 '당화혈색소'를 알고 계십니까? 공복 혈당조절 목표를 알고 계십니까? 식후 혈당조절 목표를 알고 계십니까? 혹시 모르고 계시다면 100미터 출발 선상에서 출발 신호가 났지만 어디로 달려갈지 모르고 있는 것과 같습니다. 아무리 잘 달리고 훌륭한 선수라도 뛰어갈 방향을 모르고 있다면 좋은 성적을 낼 수 없는 것과 같습니다. 혈당조절의 중요성을 알고 관리 목표를 알고 현재 나의 수치를 그 목표를 행해 열심히 실행한다면 건강한 삶을 영위할 수 있습니다.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.286
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• pp.16-22
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• 2013

인슐린 펌프는 첨단이라는 단어가 붙으며 당뇨병 환자들이나 의료인들에게 모든 것이 알아서 해결되는 인공췌장(artificial pancreas)으로 잘못 오인되기도 하지만 앞으로 가까운 장래에 좀 더 완벽하게 첨단 인공췌장의 역할이 기대되는 분야이기도 하다. 본 장에서는 최근에 이루어진 첨단 인슐린 펌프들로 1) 연속혈당 측정기와 결합형 펌프 (glucose sensor-augmented insulin pump), 2) 인슐린 주입 알고리듬 (artificial pancreas software)이 탑재된 인공췌장형 펌프 연구들을 소개하고 앞으로 해결해야 할 과제와 전망에 대해서 알아보고자 한다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.283-292
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore the cultural perspectives and experiences relating to insulin therapy among the diabetes. The authors conducted four semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews with 19 adults with type 1 and 2 diabetes, focusing on the personal experiences and thoughts regarding insulin therapy. Patients' perspectives and experiences relating to taking insulin formed three categories of themes: preoccupations about insulin, barriers to taking insulin, and benefits to taking insulin. The theme for preoccupations about insulin was "vague fear," while the theme of barriers to taking insulin were "worrisome insulin-related issues", "ambivalent feelings (trust/mistrust) about healthcare providers," "dependent life," "feeling about supporters(family, friends, and religion)," "inconvenience," "regret about the past," and "embarrassment." The theme of benefits to taking insulin were "recognition" and "physical recovery and confidence in regulating blood glucose". Based on this study, patients' feelings about their insulin should be respected by healthcare providers.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.194
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• pp.70-71
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• 2006

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.sup2
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• pp.353-369
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• 2007

Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery or tooth extraction. According to the patient's systemic condition & clinical criteria of gingiva, each gingival sample was divided into three groups. Group 1 (n=8) is clinically healthy gingiva without bleeding and no evidence of bone resorption or periodontal pockets, obtained from systemically healthy 8 patients. Group 2 (n=8) is inflamed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis. Group 3 (n=8) is inflamed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes. Tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting. The quantification of $IL-1{\beta}$, MMP-13 and TIMP-1 were performed using a densitometer and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. 1. The expressions of MMP-13 and TIMP-1 showed increasing tendency in group 2 & 3 compared to group 1. 2. The expressions of $IL-1{\beta}$ & MMP-13 were showed increasing tendency in group 3 compared to group 2. 3. As $IL-1{\beta}$ levels were increasing, MMP-13 showed increasing tendency in group 3, and although $IL-1{\beta}$ , MMP-13 levels were increasing, TIMP-1 levels were similar expressed comparing to group 2. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the expression levels of MMP-13 and TIMP-1 had increasing tendency in inflamed tissue. It can be assumed that $IL-1{\beta}$ and MMP-13 may be partly involved in the progression of periodontal inflammation associated to type 2 DM.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.39-43
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• 2015

This is a clinical report on a patient with Diabetes Mellitus treated with Traditional Korean Medicine. We applied herbal medication and western medication depending of symptoms of the patient. We observed the change of serum glucose (FBS/PP2hrs) daily and HbA1c. During the treatment and observation, result of serum glucose (FBS/PP2hrs) and HbA1c was well controlled and insulin administration was decreased. Above the results, Traditional Korean Medicine was effective to control type 2 diabetes mellitus.