• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.301-308
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• 2004

The present study mainly focuses on the inelastic stress analysis of the 1/4 scale prestressed concrete containment vessel model(PCCV) under internal pressure and evaluates not only failure mode but also ultimate pressure capacity of the PCCV. Inelastic analysis is carried out 2D axisymmertic FE model and 3D FE model using four concrete material models which are Drucker-Prager Model, Chen-Chen Model, Damaged Plasticity Model and Menetrey-Willam Model. The uplift phenomenon of the basemat is considered in the 2D axisymmetric FE models. It is found from the 2D axisymmetric analysis results that both of Drucker-Prager model and Damaged Plasticity Model have a good performance and the uplift of the basemat is too small to influence on the global behavior of the PCCV. The FE analysis results on the ultimate pressure and failure mode have a good agreement with experimental results.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.512-527
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• 2004

This paper describes the finite element (FE) analysis results of a 1/4 scale model of a prestressed concrete containment vessel (PCCV) by considering the tension stiffening effect, which is a result of the bond effect between the concrete and the steel. The tension stiffening model is assumed to be an exponential form based on the relationship between the average stress and the average strain of the concrete. The objective of the present FE analysis is to evaluate the ultimate internal pressure capacity of the PCCV, as well as its failure mechanism, when the PCCV model is subjected to a monotonous internal pressure beyond is design pressure capacity. With the commercial code ABAQUS, the FE analysis used two concrete failure criteria: a 2-dimensional axi-symmetric model with modified Drucker-Prager failure criteria and a 3-dimensional model with a damaged plasticity mod디. The results of our FE analysis on the ultimate pressure capacity and failure modes of PCCV have a good agreement with the experimental data.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2008

This paper describes the nonlinear analyses of a 1:4 scale model of a prestressed concrete containment vessel (PCCV) using an axisymmetric model and a three-dimensional model. These two models are refined by comparison of the analysis results and with testing results. This paper is especially focused on the analysis of behavior under pressure and the temperature effects revealed using an axisymmetric model. The temperature-dependent degradation properties of concrete and steel are considered. Both geometric and material nonlinearities, including thermal effects, are also addressed in the analyses. The Menetrey and Willam (1995) concrete constitutive model with non-associated flow potential is adopted for this study. This study includes the results of the predicted thermal and mechanical behaviors of the PCCV subject to high temperature loading and internal pressure at the same time. To find the effect of high temperature accident conditions on the ultimate capacity of the liner plate, reinforcement, prestressing tendon and concrete, two kinds of analyses are performed: one for pressure only and the other for pressure with temperature. The results from the test on pressurization, analysis for pressure only, and analyses considering pressure with temperatures are compared with one another. The analysis results show that the temperature directly affects the behavior of the liner plate, but has little impact on the ultimate pressure capacity of the PCCV.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.4504-4517
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• 2023

After a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) in the prestressed concrete containment vessels (PCCVs) of nuclear power plants, the coupling of temperature and pressure can significantly affect the mechanical properties of the PCCVs. However, there is no consensus on how this coupling affects the failure mechanism of PCCVs. In this paper, a simplified finite element modeling method is proposed to study the effect of temperature and pressure coupling on PCCVs. The experiment results of a 1:4 scale PCCV model tested at Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) are compared with the results obtained from the proposed modeling approach. Seven working conditions are set up by varying the internal and external temperatures to investigate the failure mechanism of the PCCV model under the coupling effect of temperature and pressure. The results of this paper demonstrate that the finite element model established by the simplified finite element method proposed in this paper is highly consistent with the experimental results. Furthermore, the stress-displacement curve of the PCCV during loading can be divided into four stages, each of which corresponds to the damage to the concrete, steel liner, steel rebar, and prestressing tendon. Finally, the failure mechanism of the PCCV is significantly affected by temperature.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2006년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.639-646
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• 2006

A nonlinear finite element analysis is carried out to predict the ultimate internal pressure and failure mechanism of a 1/4 scale prestressed concrete containment vessel(PCCV) model using the commercial code ABAQUS. Therefore, this paper is mainly focused to compare the influence of concrete material model, tension stiffening parameter, uplift phenomenon and basemat. From the analysis results, nonlinear behavior of the PCCV showed a substantially different aspects in accordance with the nonlinear material model for the concrete as well as tension stiffening parameter. The boundary conditions beneath the basemat are considered to be a fixed condition and a nonlinear spring element to compare the influence of the uplift. The finite element analysis is considered with and without a basemat to find out the influence of the basemant itself. From the analysis results, the nonlinear behavior of the PCCV is entirely similar for the two cases.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.3493-3505
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• 2023

Reactor containment buildings serve as the last barrier to prevent radioactive leakage due to accidents and their safety is crucial in overpressurization conditions. Thus, the Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.216 has mentioned the global strain as one of failure criteria in the free-field for cylindrical prestressed concrete containment vessels (PCCV) subject to internal pressure. However, there is a limit that RG 1.216 shows the free-field without the specific locations of failure criteria and also the global strain corresponding to only azimuth 135° has been mentioned in NUREG/CR-6685, regardless of the elevations of the structure. Therefore, in order to reevaluate the failure criteria of the 1:4 scaled PCCV, the high fidelity simulation model based on the experimental test was significantly validated in this study, and it was interesting to find that the experimental and numerical result was very close to each other. In addition, for the consideration of the material uncertainties, the Latin hypercube method was used as a statistical approach. Consequently, it was revealed that the radial displacements of various azimuth area such as 120°, 135°, 150°, 180° and 210° at elevations 4680 mm and 6,200 mm can represent as the global deformation at the free-field, obtained from the statistical approach.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.617-633
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• 2014

Because the elevated temperature degrades the mechanical properties of materials used in containments, the global behavior of containments subjected to the internal pressure under high temperature is remarkably different from that subjected to the internal pressure only. This paper concentrates on the nonlinear finite element analyses of the nuclear power plant containment structures, and the importance for the consideration of the elevated temperature effect has been emphasized because severe accident usually accompanies internal high pressure together with a high temperature increase. In addition to the consideration of nonlinear effects in the containment structure such as the tension stiffening and bond-slip effects, the change in material properties under elevated temperature is also taken into account. This paper, accordingly, focuses on the three-dimensional nonlinear analyses with thermal effects. Upon the comparison of experiment data with numerical results for the SNL 1/4 PCCV tested by internal pressure only, three-dimensional analyses for the same structure have been performed by considering internal pressure and temperature loadings designed for two kinds of severe accidents of Saturated Station Condition (SSC) and Station Black-out Scenario (SBO). Through the difference in the structural behavior of containment structures according to the addition of temperature loading, the importance of elevated temperature effect on the ultimate resisting capacity of PCCV has been emphasized.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2013

최근, 프리캐스트를 통한 모듈화에 대한 관심으로 인해 교량 및 빌딩 뿐만 아니라, 원전구조물, LNG 가스탱크, 중소형 강합성 구조물 등 특수구조물에도 프리캐스트 모듈화에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이뤄지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 프리캐스트 제작의 시공 및 작업성, 원활한 자재의 조달할 수 있는 방법으로 페로시멘트 (ferrocement)를 바탕으로 한 스틸메쉬로 보강된 모르타르 프리캐스트 패널을 제작하였다. 모르타르는 고강도 및 고유동성을 지니도록 실리카퓸과 고로슬래그의 배합율에 대한 변수연구를 통해 최적의 배합을 선정하였으며, $1,200{\times}600{\times}150mm$의 패널을 제작하여 스틸메쉬로 보강한 모르타르 시편과 일반 철근콘크리트 시편을 보강비 2%와 4%로 각각 제작하였다. 제작된 스틸메쉬로 보강한 모르타르의 프리캐스트 모듈화의 적용 가능성을 판단하기 위하여 기본적인 재료물성실험과 자유건조수축실험을 수행하였으며, 선하중으로 하중을 재하하여 3점 휨 시험으로 스틸메쉬로 보강한 모르타르의 구조성능을 검토하였다. 실험결과를 통해, 스틸메쉬로 보강된 모르타르 프리캐스트 패널은 높은 휨성능 및 연성효과가 있으나, 4%로 보강된 스틸메쉬 모르타르 프리캐스트 패널은 전단보강에 대한 고려가 필요하다고 판단되며, 이에 대한 조치가 이루어진다면 프리캐스트 모듈화 부재로 적용이 가능하다고 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2006

인간의 신체적 발육에 있어서 현저한 변화를 보이며, 다른 연령기에 비해 신체교육의 가능성이 크다고 인식되는 아동기와 사춘기 남 녀를 대상으로 생리학적 연령의 PHV 척도를 기준한 피하지방후, 근과 골 변인의 사춘기 발육분출 변화 양상을 분석 평가 하였다. 신장의 PHV 출현은 남자의 경우 $13{\sim}14$세 사이 이며, 여자는 2년 빠른 $11{\sim}12$세 사이인 것으로 나타났다. 체지방의 4개부위에 대한 피하지방후합은 남자의 경우 PHV 출현 -2년에 $8.9mm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$로, 여자는 PHV 출현 +2년에 $11.3mm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$로 PV에 각각 도달 하였으며, 남 녀 모두 사춘기발육분출 에서 증감의 변동이 많은 양상을 나타내었다. 상완골폭에 있어서 남자의 경우 PHV 출현 -3년과 +2년에 $0.6cm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$와 $0.5cm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$로 2번의 PV에 도달하는 bi-modal 현상을 보였고, 여자는 PHV 출현 -1년에 $0.3cm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$로 PV에 도달하였다. 대퇴골폭에 있어서 남자는 PHV 출현과 동일시점에 $0.4cm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$로, 여자는 PHV 출현 -2년에 $0.4cm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$로 각각 PV에 도달하였다. 근육의 상완이두근 최대위에 있어서 남자는 PHV 출현 +2년에 $2.6cm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, 여자는 PHV 출현 +1년에 $1.0cm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$로 PV에 각각 도달 하였고, 하퇴위에 있어서 남자는 PHV 출현 +2년에 $1.9cm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, 여자는 PHV 출현과 동일한 시점에 $1.6cm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$로 PV에 도달 하였다. 전체적으로 보아 PHV 척도를 기준으로한 피하지방후 발육의 경우, 남자는 PHV 출현 이전, 여자는 PHV 출현이후, 골의 발육은 남 녀 모두 PHV 출현 이전, 근육의 발육은 남 녀 모두 PHV출현 이후 PV에 각각 도달하는 양상을 보였다.