• KSBB Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.134-138
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• 2000

알콜증류폐액에 빵효모를 배양하는 중에 glucose와 ammo-nium을 자동첨가함으로써 폐액배양액의 균체농도를 높여서 알콜증류폐액의 이용성을 증가시키고자 하였다. 배양중에 glucose를 공급하여 줌으로서 공급하지 않은 경우보다 1.3배 더 높은 균체농도를 얻었으며, glucose와 (NH4)2SO4를 공급하여 줌으로써 5.8배 더 높은 균체농도를 얻었다. Glucose의 경우에는 배양액의 DO를 제어파라미터로 하는 제어방법을 사용하여 자동첨가하고, ammonium의 경우에는 pH조정제로서 NH4OH을 사용함으로서 pH제어기에 의하여 자동으로 공급되도록 배양하였다. 배양결과 증식의 정체없이 배양 22.5시간후에 최대 12.0 g/L의 건조균체량에 도달하였으며, 균의 최대비증식속도는 0.18 hr-1였고, 대당균체수율이 약 0.54g/gdldjTdmamfh glucose의 첨가가 경제적이라고 생각되었다. 증균배양으로 폐액배양액의 COD를 약 22% 더 감소시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2024

시료의 조단백질은 CJ4가 가장 높고 조지방, 수분, 회분, pH와 물리적인 특성은 주박분말이 많을수록 높았고 보수력은 낮았다. TBA의 CJ1은 지방산패 진행이 빨라 15일부터 가식할 수 없는 결과였다. 미생물 성장은 CJ1이 빠르게 증식하였고 CJ2, CJ3, CJ4는 15일 이후에도 부패취가 없어 주박분말이 저장성에 유용한 것으로 판단된다. 주박분말이 많을수록 L은 낮은 명도 a는 높은 적색 b는 높은 황색을 보였다. 관능검사 CJ1은 Color, Overall CJ2는 Flavor, Taste가 높은 선호도를 보였다. 주박을 첨가한 소시지의 외부 기호도는 CJ1를 내부 표현인 Overall은 CJ2를 활용한 저장성 연장관련 제품개발이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1687-1691
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• 2004

Regioselectivity on the reactions of ${\alpha},{\beta}$--enones with organoindium such as in situ generated allylindium and allenylindium was systematically studied in the presence of TMSCl as an additive. Treatment of 2-cyclohexen-1-one, carvone, 2-cyclohepten-1-one, and chalcone with allylindium reagent produced 1,4-addition products in good yields, while 2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 4,4-dimethylcyclohexen-1-one, 3-nonen-2-one, 4-hexen-3-one, and 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one afforded 1,2-addition products. Indium reagent derived from indium and propargyl bromide in Grignard type gave addition products in good yields, under which the successive addition of ${\alpha},{\beta}$-enone and TMSCl were necessary. Although organoindium reagent derived from propargyl bromide produced propargylated compound in Grignard type except 2-cyclohepten-1-one, indium reagent obtained from 1-bromo-2-butyne having ${\gamma}$-methyl group gave allenylated product inBarbier type.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-44
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• 1983

The chlorine addition and Diels-Alder cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene to 1, 4-benzoquinone-4-(O-methyloxime) have been studied MO theoretically. It has been shown that the reactions occur predominantly to the quinone ring double bond which is oriented anti to the nitrogen lone pair due to an n-${\sigma}^*$ interaction between the nitrogen lone pair, n, and the app. vicinal bond, causing the ${\pi}$ bond to be weakened and destabilized due to the less conjugation from reduced delocalization.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 1983

This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of improving the performance of a kerosene engine with water addition. The engine used in this study was a single-cylinder, four-cycle kerosene engine with the compression ratio of 4.5. Water could be successfully added into the inlet manifold by an extra carburetor for the volumetric ratios of 5, 10, 20, and 30 percents. Variable speed tests at wide-open throttle were performed for five speed levels in the range of 1,000 to 2,200rpm for each fuel type. Volumetric efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption were determined, and brake thermal efficiency based on the lower heats of combustion of kerosene was calculated. To examine variation in fuel consumption, CO concentration, and cooling water temperature, part load tests were also performed. The results obtained are summarized as follow. (1) Brake torque increased almost in proportion to volumetric efficiency. But the ratio of increase in torque was greater than that of volumetric efficiency. Mean torque over the speed range of 1,000 to 2,200rpm increased 1, 3, 7, and 2 percents for 5, 10, 20, and 30 percents water addition, respectively. The increase in brake torque with water addition was greater at lower speeds. (2) Mean brake specific fuel consumption over the speed range of 1,000 to 2,200rpm decreased 1, 2, 3, and 3 percents for 5, 10, 20, and 30 percents water addition, respectively. (3) Mean temperature of cooling water over the speed range of 1,000 to 2,200rpm decreased 2, 4, 8, and 12 percents for 5, 10, 20, and 30 percents water addition, respectively. (4) The effects of decreasing CO concentration in the exhaust emissions with water addition were significant. At the speed range of 1,000 to 2,200rpm, CO concentration in the exhaust emissions decreased 2, 10, 23, percents for 5, 10, and 20 percents water addition, respectively. (5) Deposits were not discovered in the combustion chamber during the experiment. However, a little rust was formed in the water-supply carburetor.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.646-650
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• 1992

Effect of Li2O.4B2O3 frit addition on microstructural and thermal expansion behaviour of the $\beta$-spodumene ceramics made from kaolinite was investigated. With 2.0~4.0 wt% frit addition, the densification by liquid phase sintering caused low water absorption below 3% and enhancement of beding strength. As the amount of frit addition was increased, thermal expansion coefficient was increased to large scale, but in 2 wt% frit addition, its thermal expansion coefficient was constrained to 1.92$\times$10-6$^{\circ}C$-1.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.374-379
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• 1997

The rate constants for the nucleophilic addition of thiophenol derivatives (p-OCH3, H, p-CH3, m-CH3, p-Br and p-NO2) to 4'-[N-(9-acridinyl)]-1'-(N-methanesulfonyl)-3'-methoxyquinonediimide (AMQD) were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer in water at 5 ℃, and rate equations which can be applied over a wide pH range were obtained. On the basis of pH-rate profile, Bronsted plot, adduct analysis, general base catalysis and substituent effect, a plausible mechanism of this addition reaction was proposed: Below pH 2.5, the reaction proceeded by the addition of thiophenol molecule to 6'-position of quinonoid after protonation at the acridinyl nitrogen. Above pH 6.2, the addition of sulfide anion to 6'-position of quinonoid was rate controlling. However, in the range of pH 3.0-6.0, these two reactions occured competively.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한연소학회 2003년도 제27회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.209-214
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• 2003

Numerical simulations are performed at atmospheric pressure in order to understand the effect of additives on flame speed, flame temperature, the radical concentration, the NOx formation in freely propagating $CH_4/O_2/N_2$ flames. The additives used are carbon dioxide and hydrogen chloride which have a combination of physical and chemical behavior on hydrocarbon flame. In the flame established with the same mole of methane and additive, $CO_2$ addition significantly contributes toward the reduction of flame speed and flame temperature by the physical effect, whereas addition of HCl mainly does by the chemical effect. The impact of HCl addition on the decrease of the radical concentration is about 1.6-1.8 times as large as $CO_2$ addition. Hydrogen chloride addition is higher on the reduction of EINO than $CO_2$ addition because of the chemical effect of HCl.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.125-129
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• 1981

The addition reactions of cysteine without blocking amino and carboxyl groups to substituted and unsubstituted ${\beta}$-nitro-styrene derivatives were investigated. ${\beta}$-Nitrostyrene(1a), p-methyl-${\beta}$-nitrostyrene(1b), 3,4,5-trimethoxy-$[\beta}$ -nitrostyrene(1c), $[\varpi}$-3,4-methylenedioxy-${\beta}$ -nitrostyrene(1d), o-, m- and p-chloro-${\beta}$ -nitrostyrene (1e, 1f, 1g) and o-, m- and p-methoxy-${\beta}$-nitrostyrene (1h, 1i, 1j) easily undergo addition reactions with cysteine to form S-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-L-cysteine(3a), S-[2-nitro-1-(p-methyl)phenyl-ethyl]-L-cysteine(3b), S-[2-nitro-1-(3',4',5'-trimethoxy) phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3c), S-[2-nitro-1-($[\vatpi}$ -3',4'-methylenedioxy)phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3d), S-[2-nitro-1-(o-chloro)phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3e), S-[2-nitro-1-(m-chloro)-phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3f), S-[2-nitro-1-(p-chloro)phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3g), S-[2-nitro-1-(o-methoxy)phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3h), S-[2-nitro-1-(m-methoxy)phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3i) and S-[2-nitro-1-(p-methoxy)phenylethyl]-L-cysteine(3j), respectively. The structure of adducts were confirmed by means of UV-spectrum, IR-spectrum, molecular weight measurement and elemental analysis. The various factors effecting the yield of cysteine adducts to ${\beta}$-nitrostyrene derivatives were also studied.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2008

In this paper, CdS/Cd(Cu)S thin films and diodes were manufactured via a chemical bath deposition (CBD) process, and the effects of $NH_4Cl$ and TEA(triethylamine) on the properties of the films were examined. The addition of $NH_4Cl$ significantly increased the thickness of the CdS and Cd(Cu)S films, however, the addition of TEA decreased the thickness in both cases slightly. The addition of $NH_4Cl$ along with TEA increased the film thickness more effectively compared to the addition of only $NH_4Cl$. The thickness of the CdS film prepared from an aqueous solution of 0.007 M $CdSO_4$, 1.3 M $NH_4OH$, 0.03 M $SC(NH_2)_2$, 0.0001 M TEA and 0.03 M $NH_4Cl$ was 310 nm. Dark resistivity of the CdS film was $1.2{\times}10^3\;{\Omega}cm$ and the photo resistivity with $500\;W/cm^2$ irradiation of white light was $20{\Omega}cm$. The Cd(Cu)S/CdS thin film diodes prepared by CBD showed good rectifying characteristics.