• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 1995

As the surfactants that were used in micellar reaction, emulsion polymerization and phase-transfer reaction etc. have the problems, the cleavable surfactant that was converted to inactive compound after such as the reaction was synthesized to above 90% yield. And this surfactant and intermediates were separated through thin layer chromatography and column chromatatography and their molecular structures were confirmed from IR. $^{1}H$-NMR and elementary analysis spectra. And its surface-active properties and acid hydrolysis will be serialized in II.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.129-134
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• 1999

This study is related to the investigation of the direct incorporation of $CO_2$ to polymer using quaternary ammonium salt catalysts. Quaternary ammonium salts showed good catalytic activity of $CO_2$ fixation in the synthesis of poly[(1,3-dioxolane-2-oxo-4-yl)methyl methacrylate] [poly(DOMA)] by the direct incorporation of $CO_2$ to poly(glycidyl methacrylate)[poly(GMA)]. Among the salts tested, the ones with higher alkyl chain length and with more nucleophilic counter anion showed higher catalytic activity. The yield of carbon dioxide addition increased with the reaction temperature. Kinetic study was carried out by measuring the variation of $CO_2$, pressure in a high pressure batch reactor. The reaction rate was first order to the concentration of poly(GMA) and $CO_2$, respectively. The rate constant was $0.69L/mol{\cdot}h$ and Henry's constant of $CO_2$ in DMSO at $80^{\circ}C$ was $6.8{\times}10^{-4}mol/L{\cdot}KPa$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1156-1163
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• 1996

This study is related to the investigation of the characteristics of quaternary ammonium salt catalyst on the addition reaction of carbon dioxide and glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) to form(2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-yl)methacrylate(DOMA). Among the salts tested, the ones with higher alkyl chain length and with more nucleophilic counter anion showed a higher catalytic activity. Mixed catalysts of NaI and 18-crown-6 showed a good yield of DOMA, but when they are used alone, they showed no catalytic activity. The DOMA monomer was obtained in low polar solvents, while poly(DOMA) could be directly synthesized in aprotic dipolar solvents. Kinetic studies carried out by measuring $CO_2$ pressure in a high pressure batch reactor showed that the reaction rate was first order to the concentration of GMA and $CO_2$ respectively. The rate constant(k) was 0.56L/mol hr and Henry's constant(H') of $CO_2$ in diglyme at $80^{\circ}C$ was $6.5{\times}10^{-4}mol/L{\cdot}kPa$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1299-1304
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• 2014

The electrochemical performance of Li-S cells was investigated in various ternary electrolyte solutions composed of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (TGM), and 1,3-dioxolane (DOX). The discharge capacity values and cycle data obtained at each composition were statistically treated with the Minitab program to obtain mixture contour plots, from which the optimal composition of the ternary solvent systems was predicted. The discharge capacities and capacity retention were quite dependent on the electrolyte composition. It was estimated from the contour plots of the capacity at 1.0 C that the discharge capacity sharply increased with a decrease in the TGM content. High capacities greater than 900 mAh/g at 1.0 C were expected for the electrolyte composition with a volume ratio of DME/TGM/DOX = 1/0/1. In contrast, it was predicted from the mixture contour plot of the capacity retention that the cycle performance would significantly increase with an increase in the DME content.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.292-299
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• 1999

SKI 2053 R, cis-Malonato [(4R, 5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane] platinum(II), is a newly developed antitumor platinum complex derived from cisplatin. Preclinical studies suggest that it may have greater antitumor activity and lower toxicity than cisplatin. Effects of test agent on general toxicity of does and embryonic development of Fl fetuses were investigated in rabbits. Sixty eight New Zealand white rabbits were distributed among three treated groups and a control group. SKI 2053R was administered intravenously to pregnant rabbits from days 6 to 18 of gestation at dose levels of 0, 0.67, 2.0, or 6.0 mg/kg/day. The pregnant does were subjected to the caesarean section on day 28 of gestation. No treatment-related changes in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, and necropsy findings were observed in all groups. Fl fetuses showed no changes related to the treatment of SKI 2053R, except that an increase in the incidence of skeletal variations were observed at 6.0 mg/kg. There were no signs of material toxicity or embryotoxicity at 0.67 and 2.0 mg/kg. The results show that the administration of 6.0 mg/kg SKI 2053R induces skeletal variations in fetuses and that the no observed adverse effect levels(NOAELS) of SKI 2053R are considered to be over 6.0 mg/kg for does and 2.0 mg/kg for Fl fetuses in rabbits.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.143-148
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• 2005

Heptaplatin, cis-malonato [(4R,5R)-4,5-bis (amino-methyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane] platinum(II) (SKI-2053R, Sunpla) is a new platinum derivative with antitumor activity comparable to cisplatin on various cancer cell lines. Preclinical studies suggest that it is less nephrotoxic than cisplatin. This study was undertaken to examine the combined effect of heptaplatin and ionizing radiation on two established human squamous carcinoma cell lines (NCI-H520, SQ20B). The cytotoxic activity of heptaplatin was concentration-dependent in both cell lines. When low dose heptaplatin was combined with high dose ionizing radiation, there was an additive cytotoxic effect on NCI-H520 cells (P < 0.05), while a moderate dose of heptaplatin and a low dose of ionizing radiation had an additive cytotoxic effect on the growth of SQ20B cells (P < 0.05). FACS analysis and DAPI staining showed that their additive cytotoxic effects were correlated with the induction of apoptosis. Further studies are warranted using heptaplatin and ionizing radiation in squamous cell carcinoma as a substitute for cisplatin.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.774-779
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• 1988

The essential oil of Artemiisa lavandulaefolia DC was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The oil was stored at different conditions for 6 weeks and the changes of color and chemical composition during storage were checked by GC/MS. The experimental results were as follows; (1) More than 186 chemicals were detected by GC. Major components were 1,8-cineol, thujone, camphor, borneol, coumarin, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran and ${\beta}-biasbolene$. In this study, 3,3,6-trimethyl norpinanol, ${\beta}-farnesene,\;{\alpha}-curmene$ and 7-methoxy coumarin were detected as new compounds in Artemisia species. (2) It was proved that temperature and/ or light had and important effect on the changes of color and volatile components of the essential oil. The relative amounts of limonene and 1.8-cineol were decreasad, on the other hand, ${\beta}-phellandrene\;and\;{\alpha}-terpineol$ were increased during storage.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2004

A wide variety of cancer chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to induce programmed cell death (PCD, APOPTOSIS) in various tumor cell lines in vitro. cis-Malonato [(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isoprpopyl-1,3-dioxolane] platinum(II) (heptaplatin), which is a new drug approved by KFDA in 1999, in a novel platinum-based antitumor agent with clinical potential against stomach cancer and the 3rd generation of the cisplatin. This study was performed to know how heptaplatin and cisplatin and sunpla (mixture of heptaplatin and mannitol) affect on SK-MEL-28 cell line, and how they induce the apoptosis. At EM analysis, the morphology of the cell was changed by treatment of the cisplatin, heptaplatin and sunpla. Apoptotic body formed around plasma membrane, and chromatin condensation represented in nucleus. This phenomenon is one of the characteristic of the apoptosis. The DNA of SK-MEL-28 cell line truncated by cisplatin and sunpla treatment was identified on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. TUNEL assay was performed to know whether SK-MEL-28 cell die as apoptosis or necrosis by cisplatin, heptaplatin and sunpla. At this result, fluorescence intensity increased according to increase of time and concentration. Therefore, it was identified that cislatin, heptaplatin and sunpla induced apoptosis. Fas expressed on SK-MEL-28 cell membrane by cisplatin, heptaplatin and sunpla was identified by using flow cytometer and the expression of bcl-2(anti-apoptotic gene) decreased according to increase of concentration of the cisplatin, heptaplatin and sunpla. Cisplatin, heptaplatin and sunpla induced apoptosis against SK-MEL-28 cell line, and the apoptotic mechanism was identified as Fas-mediated apoptosis and decreased bcl-2 expression.