• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.403-417
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• 2023

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) emission from painting and printing facilities in the Pyeongdong industrial complex in Gwangju. In addition, the objective was to understand the distribution characteristics of VOCs in the ambient air in industrial complexes affected by painting and printing facilities. The painting facility mainly emitted toluene, acetone, butyl acetate, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, m,p-xylene, o-xylene, 4-ethyltoluene, ethylbenzene, 3-ethyltoluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. The main emission components in printing facilities were methyl ketone, ethyl acetate, acetone, 2-propanol, toluene, heptane, and butyl acetate. Ethyl acetate, toluene, 2-butanone, acetone, butyl acetate, 2-propanol, xylenes, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone were detected in the ambient air of the Pyeongdong industrial complex, consistent with the VOCs emitted by painting and printing facilities. The average concentration of seasonal TVOCs followed an order of winter > fall > spring > summer, whereas the concentrations of daytime and nighttime TVOCs were generally higher at night than those during the day, and the wind speed was greater during the day than it was at night. Based on a factor analysis of VOCs in the ambient air of Pyeongdong industrial complex, it is considered that organic solvents used in coating, printing, and electronics manufacturing facilities, as well as diesel vehicle emissions played a major role.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of Pre-symposium of the 10th ISWPC
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• pp.50-55
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• 1999

Sizing development of AKD-sized paper by beta-ketoester formation has been debated until recent years because of absence of its obvious and direct spectroscopic evidence. In this study, reaction between AKD and cellulose was investigated to disclose the possibility of beta-ketoester formation between two components under no catalyzed neutral condition. In absence of water, AKD reacted with cellulose to form beta-ketoester linkage under no catalyzed neutral condition, while, in presence of water, most of AKD was hydrolyzed to a dialkyl ketone or beta-ketoacid. Therefore, the main mechanism of AKD sizing would not be the formation of beta-ketoester between AKD and cellulose in the papermaking process. It could be suggested that the sizing development of AKD-sized paper is obtained by next two mechanisms: 1) formation of a thin-layer of AKD on the fiber surface through melting and spreading of AKD emulsion particles by heat, and 2) the formation of ketone by the hydrolysis of AKD during drying and storage of AKD-sized papers.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.209-215
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• 1998

Trypsin-like enzyme was purified from shrimp hepatopancreas through Q-Sepharose ionic exchange, benzamidine Sepharose-6B affinity, and Superdex 75 gel chromatography. Purity of trypsin-like enzyme was increased 69-fold with $44\%$ yield. The enzyme consisted of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight (M.W.) of 32 kDa judged by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme was completely inactivated by serine enzyme inhibitors such as soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), tosyl-L­lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), and leupeptin. However, the enzyme was not affected by tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) which is a chymotrypsin specific inhibitor. The enzyme had no activity against benzoyl-tyrosine ethyl ester (BTEE) which is a chymotrypsin specific substrate. The enzyme showed high activity on the carboxyl terminal of Phe, Tyr. Glu, Arg, and Asp. However. no activity was detected against the carboxyl terminal of Pro, Trp, Cys, Gly, Val, and Ala.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2016

Polymer electrolyte membrane for unitized regenerative fuel cells requires high proton conductivity, high dimensional stability, low permeability, and low cost. However, DuPont's Nafion which is a commercial polymer electrolyte membrane has high permeability, high cost, and decreasing proton conductivity and dimensional stability over $80^{\circ}C$. To address these problems, sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (sPEEK) which is a low cost hydrocarbon polymer is selected as matrix polymer for the preparation of polymer electrolyte membrane. In addition, composite membrane with improved proton conductivity and dimensional stability is prepared by introducing sulfonated graphene oxide (sGO). The fundamental properties of polymer electrolyte membranes are analyzed by investigating membrane's water content, dimensional stability, proton conductivity, and morphology. The cell test is conducted to consider the possibility of application of sPEEK/sGO composite membrane for an unitized regenerative fuel cell.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.16-21
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• 1998

비스 방향족 ${\alpha},{\beta}$-불포화 케톤 유도체의 헤테로 방향족고리($R_{1}$) 치환체중 치환 phenyl backbone($R_{2}$)들의 구조변환에 따른 벼도열병균(Pyricularia oryzae)과 토마토역병균(Phytophthora irifestans)에 대한 in vivo에서의 항균활성 관계(SAR)를 3-D QSAR 방법인 비교분자장 분석(CoMFA)으로 해석하였다. 두 식물병원균에 대한 항균활성을 설명하는 CoMFA결과는 2-D QSAR에서 검토된 결과와 유사한 경향이었으며 입체효과(Es)와 전자효과(${\sigma}$)로 설명할 수 있었다. 즉, 벼도열병균은 aryl group에 bulky한 치환기(Es>0)가 도입되어야 하며 ${\beta}$탄소원자의 양하전이 증가할수록 강한 항균활성을 나타낼것으로 기대되었다. 반면, 토마토역병균의 경우에는 aryl group에 체적이 작은 치환기가 도입될수록, 그리고 ${\beta}$ 탄소원자의 양하전이 감소할수록 강한 항균활성을 나타낼 것으로 기대 되었다. 또한, 입체효과와 전자효과를 등 고도로 나타낸 CoMFA결과가 기존의 2-D QSAR보다 항균활성에 미치는 화합물의 구조적 요인을 보다 구체적으로 제시할 수 있었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.491-495
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• 2014

UV조사에 의한 2-EHA(ethylhexyl acrylate)/AA(acrylic acid) 점착제를 제조하고 이때 첨가되는 광 개시제의 종류가 점차제의 접착물성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Irgacure$^{(R)}$651(benzyldimethyl ketal)과 Irgacure$^{(R)}$184(1-hydroxy-cyclohexylphenyl ketone) 광 개시제를 도입한 점차제의 경우 UV램프의 방출 스펙트럼 근처에서의 높은 흡수율과 단량체 혼합물과의 상용성에 기인하여 우수한 접착물성을 나타낸 반면 Irgacure$^{(R)}$819(bisacylphosphine oxides) 광 개시제를 도입한 경우 사용된 UV램프의 방출 스펙트럼과 가장 겹치는 흡수 파장대를 가짐에도 불구하고 고농도에서 박리 시 응집파괴가 일어났으며 이것은 높은 함량에서 광 개시제 일부가 산소와 반응하고 이것이 수소 공여체 역할을 하여 추가적인 라디칼 형성을 일으키기 때문으로 생각된다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 막 결합형 축전식 탈염공정의 단위셀의 단수를 늘려 적층된 10단 형태의 모듈을 설계하여 제작하였다. 아민기가 함유된 폴리설폰(APSf)과 술폰기가 함유된 폴리이서이서케톤(SPEEK)을 합성하였으며 캐스팅법으로 다공성 탄소전극에 코팅하여 제조하였다. 10단 모듈에 대하여 흡착전압 및 시간, 탈착전압 및 시간, 공급액의 유속과 농도 등의 운전 조건과 $CaSO_4$, $MgCl_2$ 등의 2가 이온 용액과 수도수에 대하여 염 제거효율을 측정하였다. 대표적으로 NaCl 100 mg/L의 공급액을 사용하였을 때, 유속 100 mL/min, 흡착조건 1.2 V/3 min, 탈착조건 -0.5 V/5 min에서 98.3%의 염 제거효율을 보였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.3053-3056
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• 2009

The title compound, ${\alpha},{\alpha}$-dichloro-o-methylacetophenone, was prepared and its photochemical behavior was investigated. Addition of an extra chlorine at alpha position to the carbonyl showed many different features from photochemical reactivities of mono chloro analogue, 2,5-dimethylphenacyl chloride. In benzene, a rearrangement product with a formal 1,5-Cl shift and a reduction product were formed beside indanone. In methanol, solvolysis and cyclization of a common dienol intermediate occurred at comparable reaction rates.

• 공업화학
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.672-682
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• 1993

sodium amide에 의한 methylpropyl ketone과 ethyl acetate의 반응으로 2, 4-heptadione(이하 24HTD)을 합성하고, 클로로포름 용매하에 Cu(II)의 용매추출 실험으로부터 추출평형 및 추출속도 특성을 고찰하였다. 흡광도와 Cu(II)의 농도변화 측정으로부터 24HTD의 분배계수와 해리정수, 24HTD와 Cu 착화합물의 안정도 상수, 분배계수 및 총괄추출 평형정수 등을 구하고 추출기구를 구명하였다. 24HTD에 의한 Cu(II)의 추출 화학종은 1:2의 형태인 $CuR_2$였으며, 24HTD-클로로포름에 의한 Cu(II)의 총괄 초기 추출속도는 $R_0=k[\bar{HR}]([Cu^{2+}]/[H^+])^{0.5}$로 표시되었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2001

This study was performed to measure airborne dimethylformamide(DMF), methyl ethyl ketone(MEK) and toluene and their urinary metabolites concentrations and to determine the relationship between airborne and urinary concentration. Airborne samples and their urinary metabolites were measured 98 male workers who work for 8 synthetic leather factories in a portion of Kyoung-In area. Urine samples were collected at end-of-shift to estimate the exposure levels. 1. The concentration of airborne DMF by process was 8.81 ppm for wet-mixing, 15.05 ppm for wet-coating, 6.03 ppm for dry-mixing, 5.58 ppm for dry-coating, 5.37 ppm for printing, and 9.03 ppm for total. There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary NMF concentrations of wet-mixing, wet-coating, dry-mixing, dry-coating and printing were $90.55mg/{\ell}$, $79.80mg/{\ell}$, $39.86mg/{\ell}$, $25.23mg/{\ell}$, and $38.15mg/{\ell}$, respectively, and total geometric mean was $56.24mg/{\ell}$. There was significant difference by process. 2. The concentration of airborne MEK by process was 1.89 ppm for wet-mixing, 1.96 ppm for wet-coating, 10.33 ppm for dry-mixing, 29.24 ppm for dry-coating, 14.98 ppm for printing, and 4.87 ppm for total. There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary MEK concentrations of wetmixing, wet-coating, dry-mixing, dry-coating and printing were $0.93mg/{\ell}$, $0.70mg/{\ell}$, $3.29mg/{\ell}$, $3.29mg/{\ell}$, and $1.06mg/{\ell}$, respectively, and total geometric mean was $1.25mg/{\ell}$. There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary MEK 3. The concentration of airborne toluene by process was 0.35ppm for wet-mixing, 0.42ppm for wet-coating, 2.95ppm for dry-mixing, 11.67ppm for dry-coating, 4.88ppm for printing, 1.24ppm for total. There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary hippuric acid concentrations of wet-mixing, wet-coating, dry-mixing, dry-coating and printing were 0.24g/g creatinine, 0.21g/g creatinine, 0.34g/g creatinine, 0.52g/g creatinine, and 0.29g/g creatinine, respctively and total geometric mean was 0.28g/g creatinine. There was statistically significant difference by process. 4. No. of exceeded KPEL was 40 workers(40.8%) for DMF(10ppm), 1 worker(1.0%) for MEK(200ppm), and no worker for toluene(100ppm). No. of exceeded KBEI was 62 workers(63.3%) for urinary NMF($40mg/{\ell}$), 29 workers(29.6%) for urinary MEK, 1 worker(1.0%) for urinary hippuric acid. 5. The regression equations were Log(NMF)=0.4094*Log(DMF)+1.3587(r=0.4516) for DMF, Log(MEKU)=0.1859*Log(MEK)-0.0324(r=0.3303) for MEK, Log(HA)=0.2106*Log(Toluene)-0.5685(r=0.4497) for toluene. Synthetic leather factory workers expose to 3 kinds of organic solvents which are DMF, MEK and toluene. Their urinary NMF and MEK levels were higher than their concentration levels through respiratory. It seems that the urinary levels were affected skin absorption for working habit and alcohol intake.