• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.371-386
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• 1993

This study was carried out to evaluate diagnostic criteria of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among-workers in an iron foundry. Of 1,093 workers under the observation of noise-specific health examination, 184 workers were selected by way of first and second screening audiometric examination. A questionnaire survey, otological examinations, Rinne test and audiometric test were performed and the results were as follows ; The degree of hearing impairment in the left ear was more severe than in the right ear (p<0.05). The difference between hearing threshold of the first and the second hearing test at 1,000 Hz was about 5 dB with a narrow range of deviations while the difference at 4,000 Hz was about -7 dB with a wide range. Of the total study workers, 84.8% were tested within 15 hours away from noise exposure, and the rest after 16 hours. This study has identified that mean hearing loss at 4,000 Hz showed a significant statistical difference among the two study groups while mean hearing loss by 4-divided classification did not. The same phenomena were observed between the group with and without tinnitus and between the group with and without difficulty in hearing (p<0.05). Among 184 workers, 10 workers (5.4%) diagnosed as NIHL by old diagnostic criteria in contrast to 150 workers diagnosed as NIHL by the new diagnostic criteria. There was a significant difference between the two groups in the average hearing loss at 4,000 Hz and 4-divided classification (p<0.01), but there were no significant differences in age, the duration of employment, blood pressure and the duration wearing the personal hearing protector (p>0.05). If we apply Early Loss Index (ELI) method, some workers in younger age group diagnosed as NIHL by the new diagnostic criteria were fallen into within the normal range. In the mean time older age group show reverse results in contrast to the above finding. It is too early to confirm the value of the usage of the new diagnostic criteria in hearing examination. Further study is called for to verify the value of this criteria.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.791-803
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate and compare the breakfast habits of workers (189 males and 182 females) and college students (217 males and 225 females) living in Gyeongnam (Masan, Jinhae, Changwon) based upon gender in each group. Most college students were in their twenties and not married while workers were in their twenties, thirties, and forties. Age distribution was even and 58,0% of them were married. Exactly 77% of the subjects were middle class, and 35.1% answered that their monthly allowances were less than 200,000 won. Exactly 36.5% of the subjects had breakfast regularly, and workers had breakfast more regularly than college students (p<.05). Subjects chose lack of time as their biggest reason for skipping breakfast (41.7%), and workers better understood that having breakfast is important (p<.001). Exactly 62.7% of the subjects displayed symptoms of skipping breakfast, with college students more frequently susceptible than workers (p<.001). Subjects' most frequent symptom was decreased concentration (40.6%). Exactly 67.0% of the subjects ate bap, guk, and mitbanchan as breakfast; the ratio was higher for college students' compared to workers and female students compared to male students. When preparing breakfast, 35.3% of the subjects considered digestible food first. Exactly 54.7% of the subjects preferred bap for breakfast, and college students preferred it more than the workers. Subjects ate kimbap the most when eating breakfast outside of the home; 62.1% of them emphasized convenience and 36.7% answered 2,100-3,000 won is proper price.

• 한국노년학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.591-606
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 노인장기요양보험제도로 신설된 요양보호사의 직업의식 정도와 영향요인을 파악하여 요양보호사의 직업의식을 높이기 위한 간호중재 개발에 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 서술적 연구로써 D시, C도 G시, C도 C시, K도 O시에 소재하고 있는 요양원 3곳, 재가복지센터 3곳, 요양병원 3곳의 요양보호사 185명을 대상으로 2009년 11월 12일에서 4주 동안 설문지를 이용하여 자료수집 하였고, 서술적 통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Multiple regression으로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 요양보호사의 평균연령은 48.1세, 대다수 여성(95.1%)이며, 기혼자로서 배우자가 있고(79.5%), 고등학교 이상 졸업자(76.8%)가 많았다. 요양보호사의 자기효능 정도는 평균점수 3.68점, 소명의식 3.41점, 외적 통제위 성격 3.23점으로 보통 이상이며, 내적 통제위 성격은 4.12점으로 내적 통제위 성격이 강한 것으로, 교육훈련 유효성은 3.71점, 직업의식은 3.97점으로 다소 높은 것으로 나타났다. 직업의식과 관련 요인들의 관계에서, 직업의식과 내적 통제위 성격은 낮은 정 상관관계(r=.378, p=.000)를, 외적 통제위 성격은 낮은 역 상관관계(r=-.356, p=.000), 자기효능(r=.420, p=.000), 소명의식(r=.636, p=.000), 교육훈련 유효성(r=.441, p=.000)은 보통 정도의 정 상관관계를 보였다. 요양보호사의 직업의식에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 소명의식(B=.329, p=.000)이 가장 높은 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며 교육훈련 유효성(B=.250, p=.000), 내적 통제위 성격(B=.216, p=.000), 외적 통제위 성격(B=-.165, p=.002), 요양보호사 선택시 자기 특성 고려(B=.207, p=.004) 순으로 전체 설명력은 57.5%로 나타났다. 추후 요양보호사에게 소명의식 제고 교육을 위한 체계적인 교육과 내적 통제위 성격 강화훈련, 요양보호사의 역할과 업무를 정확히 규명 하는 것이 필요하며 이러한 요인들을 활용하여 직업의식을 높일 수 있는 교육과 연구를 제언한다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.268-278
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to establish a control group based on the big data from National Health Insurance Service. We also presented presented the number of incidences for each cancer, and analyzed the cancer incidence rate among Korean workers. Methods: The cohort definition was separated by 'baseline cohort', 'dynamic cohort', and 'fixed- industry cohort' according to the definition. Cancer incidence was calculated based on the Korean Standard Classification of Disease code. Incidence rate was calculated among the group of all workers and public officials. Based on the study subjects and each cohort definition, the number of observations, incidences, and the incidence rate according to sex and age groups was calculated. The incidence rate was estimated based on the incidence per 100,000 person-year, and 95% confidence intervals calculated according to the Poisson distribution. Results: The result shows that the number of cancer cases in the all-worker group decreases after the age of 55, but the incidence rate tends to increase, which is attributed to the retirement of workers over 55 years old. Despite the specific characteristics of the workers, the trend and figures of cancer incidence revealed in this study are similar to those reported in previous studies of the overall South Korean population. When comparing the incidence rates of all workers and the control group of public officials, the incidence rate of public officials is generally observed to be higher in the age group under the age of 55. On the other hand, for workers aged 60 or older, the incidence rates were 1,065.4 per 100,000 person-year for all workers and 1,023.7 per 100,000 person-year for civil servants. Conclusions: This study analyzed through health insurance data including all workers in Korea, and analyzed the incidence of cancer of workers by sex and age. In addition, further in-depth researches are needed to determine the incidence of cancer by industry.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.110-120
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine which factors affected the job stress of workers in the manufacturing industry. The subjects were 128 workers in automobile component manufacturing companies located in Kyonggi-do province. Data were collected through self-reporting technique for 8 days, October 24-31, 2000. The instrument to test the work related truss was NIOSH's Work-related Stress Inventory revised by Korea Occupational Safety and Health Association(KOSHA) in 1999. The collected data were analysed with SAS. and frequency, percentage, mean value, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA. Scheffe's post hoc test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficients. The major findings were as follows: 1. Mean job stress score for the job-related stress was $2.6{\pm}0.5$ on the basis of 5.0 points. Job stress was significantly different according to gender. The stress by role conflict showed higher score than the stress by role ambiguity. 2. Discretionary power(freedom to determine) of workers was scored $2.6{\pm}0.7$ on the basis of 5.0 points. And it was significantly different according to gender, duration of work and shift experience. 3. The work environment scored $2.2{\pm}0.3$ on the basis of 3.0 points and significant difference according to gender, age, marital status, type of employment, type of service, and shift work. 4. Role ambiguity showed significant negatively correlate with job control(r=-.32, P=.000) and decision making(r=-.31, P=.000). And decision making showed positively correlated with job control(r=.62, P=.000), and role conflict(r=.26, P=.003).

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze occupational and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA) in male office workers and to examine factors related to LTPA. Method: The subjects for this study were 226 male office workers, from eight work places located in Seoul, who had no physical restrictions. Minnesota LPTA Questionnaire (Taylor et al., 1978) revised by Kim(1997) was used to measure LTPA and revised Tecumseh Occupational Physical Activity Questionnaire (Motoye, 1971) was used to measure occupational physical activity. The data were collected from May 4 to May 19, 2001 using a semi-structured questionnaire with interviews and self reports. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Windows 10.0 Program. Results: The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The mean level of physical activity was 8,716.9kcal/wk. The occupational physical activity was at 6,605kcal/wk(75.8%) and the level of LTPA was 2,111.4kcal/wk (24.2%). 2. Using 2,000kcal/wk as a base for categorizing LTPA as active or inactive, it was found that there were 94 subjects(41.6%) in the active group. 3. Subjects in their thirties had a lower level of LTPA than subjects in other age groups (F=3.484, p<.05). Physical activity, self-efficacy (r=.405, p=.000) and perceived health status (r=.301, p=.000) were positively related to LTPA. 4. Participants in club activities had a higher level of LTPA than those who did not (t=-2.369, p=.020). Support for physical activity(r=.164, p=0.13) was positively related to LTPA. Conclusion: This study suggested that to increase physical activity in male office workers, physical activity promotion programs should be established according to age and sex especially for those who are in their thirties and for women, and should include strategies strengthening support through peer groups and family, developing club activities and increasing physical activity self-efficacy.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to estimate the industrial worker's knowledge, attitude, and practice about occupational health and to provide the basic data for the development of industrial health services. The study was undertaken from January 15 to January 30, 1993. 549 industrial workers at the Industrial Complex located in Chonbuk Province were participated in this study. The results were as follows; 1. The Knowledge, Attitude and Practice leveles of Workers about Occupational Health. The levels were measured by five point scale. The mean score of knowledge was 2. 59 point out of 4. The mean score of attitude was 2.37 point out of 4. The mean score of practice was 2. 38 point out of 4. 2. The analysis of their knowledge" attitude, and practice about general characteristics. 1) There was significant difference among different age groups. $(P{\leqq}0.0001)$ -. The group of age 25-29 was the highest value in knowledge and attitude. -. The group of age over 50 was highest value in practice. 2) There was significant difference between sexual groups in all items. -. Male workers were higher than Female workers in all items. (P=0.0000) 3) There was significant difference according to the marital status in all items. -. Married workers were higher than Single workers in all items. (P = 0.0000) 4) There was significant difference among different groups of educational level in attitude and practice. (P<0.05) The value was positivly correlated to their educational level. 5) There was significant difference among the groups of job-part in knowledge and practice. (P=0.000, P=0.031) -. Office workers were higher than Production workers in all items. 6) There was significant difference among different group of job experience in knowledge and attitude. (P=0.0000. P=0.0387) The value was positively correlated to the years length of job experience. 7) There was significant difference among the groups of different monthly income in all items. (P=0.000) The value was positively correlated to their monthly income.

• 복식
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.17-35
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to present empirically the factors in appearance management behavior, the differences in appearance management behavior according to various occupational characteristics and demographic characteristics, and the degree of efforts to manage appearance for workers. The questionnaire was administered to 1,056 male and female workers in 10 occupational categories in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, analyses of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. The results of the study are as follows. First, the factors of workers' appearance management behavior consist of 'appearance management for decoration' and 'appearance management for a good feeling'. Workers perform appearance management behavior for a good feeling more than appearance management behavior for decoration. Second, there were statistically significant differences in the appearance management behaviors of the workers according to occupational categories, the size of the organization, the presence of the dress code in the workplace. Third, there were statistically significant differences in the management behaviors of workers by gender of demographic characteristics. Fourth, the largest number of monthly average expense for appearance management was 100,000~300,000 won (44.1%), and the largest number of daily average time for appearance management was 30 minutes~1 hour (45.5%). This study presents the tendency of appearance management behaviors according to the occupational characteristics and demographic characteristics of workers and helps the marketer in the appearance industry understand the target customer clearly.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.22-41
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• 1999

This study intended to analyze the health promoting behaviors, compare their factors according to the shift pattern of duties of women workers who were working in the industrial workplace and present basic data in planning systematic and effective programs of health promotion for three-shift system and day-duty. Using Quota Sampling, 219 women workers were selected as subjects from 5 workshops which had 50 settled workers up to 300 and 10 factories which had more than 300 located in Taegu and Kyung-Book Province. Data were collected by means of questionnaire from September 12 to September 30, 1998. As the instruments of the study were used Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile(HPLP) which was adapted and adjusted by Seo, Y. O. for health promoting behavior, the one developed by Moon, J. S. (1990) for health-belief, the one developed by Sherer et al.(1982) and then adapted by Oh, H. S. for self-efficacy, and the one developed by Park, J. W. (1985) for social support. The analysis of data were performed with Cronbach's ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANCOVA, Kendal tau, Pearson correlation, Stepwise Multiple Regression test using SPSS program. The results of the study are as follows : 1. There was a significant difference in age(${\chi}^2=32.46$, p=0.000), career (${\chi}^2=18.47$, p=0.000), working day(t=-3.18, p=0.000) by the shift pattern of duties in terms of socio-demographic characteristics. 2. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups on the health promoting behaviors (t=2,52, p=0.012). The score of three-shift group on health promoting behaviors was 2.27, showing that it was lower by .13 than that of day-duty group(2.40). 3. ANCOVA involving age, career and working day as covariables, which had revealed significant difference before, showed that health promoting behaviors by the shift patterns of duties was significantly different(F=4.88, p=0.028). 4. In consideration of variables that have an influence on health promoting behavior by the shift pattern of duties, social support occupied 19.4% of health promoting behavior in the three-shift group and 22.5% including the sense of self-efficacy. In the day-duty group, social support occupied 34.4% of health promoting behavior. 5. The score of three-shift group(2.94) was significantly lower than that of day-duty group(3.12) in the perceived benefit of health-belief(t= -3.29, p=0.001), while the score of three-shift group (2.48) was significantly higher than that of day-duty group(2.24) in the perceived barrier (t=4.22, p=0.000). In the sense of self-efficacy(t=-4.20, p=0.000), the score of three-shift group(3.24) was significantly lower than that of day-duty group(3.53) while in social support(t=-4.56, p=0.000) the one of three-shift group(2.64) was significantly lower than that of day-duty group(2.88). The suggestions are as follows on the basis of the results of this study : 1. It is required to develop health promoting program that takes the shift pattern of duties of women workers into consideration. In addition, there are special demands on developing nursing strategies for health promoting behavior of three-shift workers. 2. It is required to develop specific strategies for social support which is the most significant factor to the health promoting behavior for women workers. 3. It is necessary to develop some programs for improving the sense of self-efficacy, social support, and health-belief of three-shift workers. To achieve these tasks, industrial nurses should play an active role and improve the ability of self-health care of women workers.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to analyze relationship between the role conflict and self-reported climacteric symptoms in the middle-aged industrial female workers. The data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from Nov. 1 to Nov. 30, 1996. The subjects were 201 women whose age, between 40 and 59 years. The analysis of data was t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\grave{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, Stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows : 1. 54.8% of the respondents had their climacteric symptom in middle life. 2. Age and religion affected significantly self-reported climacteric symptoms(F=4.2, P=.007 ; t=-2.1, P=0.42). 3. A comparison between two groups, with high and low rate of self-reported climacteric symptoms, indicated that for middle-aged industrial female workers when role conflict is high, climacteric symptoms is high(t=7.8, P=.000). 4. The relationship between self-reported climacteric symptoms and role conflict was positively significant(r=.5, P=.000). 5. The role conflict as a spouse affected significantly self-reported climacteric symptoms(F=52.6, P=.000). Role conflict the role as a spouse was explained 21% of self-reported climacteric symptoms. In conclusion, role conflict is the dominant factor in influencing self-reported climacteric symptoms.