• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 1998

G $d_{0.2}$C $e_{0.8}$ $O_{1.9}$(CGO) for electrolyte and L $a_{0.5}$S $r_{0.5}$Mn $O_3$(LSM50) for cathode in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells(SOFC) were synthesized by citrate process. Specimens were prepared with sintering temperatures at 110$0^{\circ}C$, 120$0^{\circ}C$ and 130$0^{\circ}C$, which were fabricated by slurry coating with citric acid contents. Interfacial resistance was measured between cathode and electrolyte using AC-impedance analyzer. With various citric acid content, the degree of agglomeration for the initial particles changed. Also sintering temperature changed the particle size and the degree of densification of cathode. Factors affecting the interfacial resistance were adherent degree of the electrolyte and cathode, distribution of TPB(three phase boundaries, TPB i.e., electrolyte/electrode/gas phase area) and porosity of cathode. By increasing the sintering temperature, particle size and densification of the cathode were increased. And then, TPB area which occurs catalytic reaction was reduced and so interfacial resistance was increased.sed.sed.d.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.125-147
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• 2001

The objective of study is to investigate the degree of burden of family who care for the elderly with dementia and to find out the factors related to the family burden as a pilot study. The number of subjects was total 137 and they were the families who were caring for elderly with dementia. The data was analyzed by SPSS/PC, t-test ANOVA. The results were as follows: 1. The score of family burden who were caring for elderly with dementia was 2.90 and the score of burden was high in case of the limitation of indivisual social activities. which was 3.09 and the lowest score was in case of the health of physical and limited which was 2.58 2. There was the correlation the level of dementia and the degree of burden of family who care for the elderly with dementia in character of dementia (p<0.05). 3. There was the correlation between the abnormal activities of the elderly with dementia and the degree of burdens of family (r=0.330). 4. There was the correlation between ADL of the elderly with dementia and the degree of burdens of family (r=-0.330). 5. The service duration had statistically significant correlation with burden In the character of family (P<0.05). 6. The using facility had statistically significant correlations with burden in the character of socity (P<0.05).

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-86
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• 2005

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of deviation of mandibular positioning, by changing the mandibular plane inclination, on the measured height and width of mandible in spiral conventional tomography. Materials and Methods : By means of the Scanora multifunctional unit, cross-sectional tomograms were taken from two human dried mandibles at the mandibular angulations: -15 degree, -10 degree, -5 degree, and 0 degree. Twenty-eight sites in two dried mandibles were imaged. One examiner measured the bone heights and widths at selected sites on the images and the actual bone heights were recorded. Results : The bone heights at the four mandibular inclinations overestimated real bone heights and the mean difference between actual heights and image heights on 0 degrees was the smallest (P<0.01). The bone widths on -15 degrees were narrowest and there were significant differences between bone widths measured at the four mandibular inclinations (P<0.001). We found statistically significant differences between both bone heights and widths as measured according to the mandibular plane angle for the posterior region (P<0.01). Conclusion : The use of different mandibular positioning may result in discrepancies in heights and widths when measured from the cross-sectional tomographic images. It is suggested that the mandibular positioning may play a significant role in the measurement of mandibular heights and widths.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

This study purpose to know the degree of adolescent consumer's conspicuous consumption how difference do adolescent consumers' conspicuous consumption have by socio demographic variables socio-psychological variables consumer ability. Therefore we suggest the adolescent consumer's sound consumption to consumer education. To approach to above purpose the research question are as the followings. 1) The average level of conspicuous consumption a little low median point. This implies that comsumer education is necessary for the adolescent consumer in order to reduce the level of conspicuous consumption. 2) Theadolescent consumers' consumption differs significantly according to the sex(p<0.05) monthly mean income of family(P<0.01) degree of taking in massmedia (P<0.01) subjective status on oneself(P<0.01) consumer socialization(P<0.01) 3) According to the results of the regression analysis examining the relative influences of variables affecting for conspicuous consumption the rela ive importance of the variables ; degree of taking in massmedia sex consumer knowledge communication with peers consumer attitude and the amount of allowance.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2017

This study was activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$, glucoamylase of liquid Nuruk prepared using liquid Nuruk (NK) and Aspergillus kawachii (AK), Aspergillus niger (AN), Aspergillus oryzae (AO), Monascus kaoliang (MK). To investigate the relationship between the enzymatic activity and the total sugar content of liquid Nuruk depending on the types of Nuruk molds and the degree of rice-polishing. The activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ depending on the types of Nuruk molds was shown to be 8.82, 8.72 units/mL in AN and AK treatments in brown rice liquid Nuruk at 24 hours after incubation, as the degree of rice-polishing increased, the activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ was significantly lower (p<0.05). When brown rice was incubated in AN, it showed 8.83 units/mL at 48 hours after incubation, which was the highest activity, but there was no significantly difference (p<0.05), as the degree of rice- polishing was higher, the activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$ was lower. The activity of glucoamylase depending on the degree of rice-polishing showed 3,013 units/mL in AO treatment in brown rice liquid Nuruk at 24 hours after incubation, and the enzymatic activity was significantly higher (p<0.05). As the degree of rice-polishing increased, the activity of glucoamylase decreased, so liquid brown rice Nuruk showed the highest enzymatic activity, liquid white rice Nuruk was the lowest enzymatic activity. The highest enzymatic activity appeared in liquid Nuruk with brown rice at 48 hours after incubation. The activity of ${\alpha}-amylase$, glucoamylase showed higher enzymatic productivity as the degree of rice-polishing was lower, and there was an inverse correlation with the total sugar content.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 1995

Three potato cultivars, Sumi,Daejima and Namjak, were prepared as slices. They were dipped in distilled water for 20 seconds. The potato slices were packed in polyethylene bags and stored at $5^{\circ}C$. Browning degree, total phenol and chlorogenic acid contents and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity were measured. And the correlation analysis of browning parameters were conducted. The results were as follows. There were increase in browning degree, phenolic content and PPO activity during cold storage of potato slices with different cultivars. Among three cultivars, Sumi showed the highest browning degree, phenolic content and PPO activity and also showed the highest % increse of browning and PPO activity during cold storage. On the contrary, Daejima was the lowest. But Daejima showed the highest % increase in phenolic contents during cold storage. With Sumi, browning degree was significantly correlated with PPO activity and phenolic contents (p<0.05). With Daejima and Namjak, a significant correlation was found between browning degree and PPO activity (p<0.05). From the above results, enzymatic browning reactions of potato slices and factors affecting them were dependent on cultivar. Among the tested three cultivars, Daejima showed the lowest browning degree during cold storage and thus seems to be desirable for minimal processing.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.30-36
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• 1994

Steam explosion process is one of the most efficient, pretreatment method for the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. The carbxymethyl-cellulose(CMC) was prepared with steam exploded wood(EXW), pine(Pinus densiflora) and oak(Quercus mongolica), by standard method using isopropyl alcohol and monochloroacetic acid. The range of water solubility of carboxymethylated pine exploded wood was 45.2~66.8 % and those of oak was 60.7~84.7 %. The degree of substitution(D.S) of carboxymethylated pine exploded wood was 0.11~0.33 and oak exploded wood was 0.48~0.76. The color of carboxymethylated pine and oak exploded wood was brown-black. When carboxymethylated EXW was purified by sulfuric acid, the yield of carboxymethylated wood was lower than non-treated one. However, the color was still brown-black although after delignification. In carboxymethylated EXM prepared after delignification, the water solubility and degree of substitution(D.S) of pine were 81.4~95.9 % and 0.71~0.79, and those of oak were 76.2~89.5 % and 0.79~1.05. The values were higher than non-treated. The degree of substitution of purified carboxymethylated wood prepared with delignified EXM, pine and oak were 0.50~0.71 and 0.70~0.88. The color of carboxymethylated wood was white. In carboxymethylated wood preparde after delignification of EXM, swelling ratio and water retention value of pine were 95.9~96.5 and 580.0~751.2, those of oak were 76.2~89.5 and 124.3~307.6.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.182-189
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between degree of satisfaction and experience on performance in accordance with the characteristics for the dental hygiene students. Dental hygiene students to 480 people from November to December 2014 and analyzed by conducting a survey. The higher grade students were more satisfied with the degree of satisfaction on experience for clinical test performance and clinical practice organization rather than the lower grade students. Also, the degree of satisfaction on major for the higher grade students has been shown as relatively higher than the lower grade students. The factors that affecting the experience for clinical performance and the degree of satisfaction for clinical practice were shown as grade, satisfaction for major and period for practice. In order to enhance the degree of satisfaction on the clinical performance for students, it should be established the system for practice management considering the characteristics of clinical practice by relevant organizations. Also, the dental hygienist who is responsible for dental education should manage his/her practice for students actively. Meanwhile, the practice organization should improve and update the content of education through the consistent alliance with colleges continuously.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.172-181
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• 2015

This study intends to improve the radiation safety management and the recognition for handling radiation using structured questionnaires to dental hygienists working at Jeollabuk-do from September 1 to October 31 in 2014. As a result, 63% of respondents have not received education for radiation safety management. Moreover, the practical degree for radiation safety management was $2.58{\pm}1.11$, while the degree of knowledge was $3.74{\pm}0.83$ of total 5.0. The results of insecurity for radiation danger were high as $3.88{\pm}0.92$, and insecurity for fetus during pregnancy shows the highest value as $4.43{\pm}0.71$. From the results of statistical significance level, the knowledge degree of radiation safety management is affected by total numbers of radiograpy for a day (p<0.05), and the practical degree of radiation safety management is affected by age group, academic background, monthly income, continuous service year, practice area, present position, and status of radiography in present (p<0.05). In addition, the knowledge degree of radiation safety management have a negative correlation (r=-0.232) with the practical degree, but have a positive correlation (r=0.262) with the insecurity for radiation danger. The high knowledge degree of radiation safety management (${\beta}=0.252$, p<0.001) and the short radiography work period (${\beta}=-0.341$, p<0.05) were the influential factors to the insecurity for radiation danger. Consequently, countermeasures are necessary to encourage dental hygienists to put their radiation safety management knowledge into the practice and to reduce the insecurity degree for radiation danger. Furthermore, it is important to prevent psychological and physical risks by radiation exposure through the improvement of radiation safety management level and recognition for handling radiation to improve medical environment.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2000

The purpose of the study is to identify the correlation between the degree of conducts on health promoting behaviors and the related factors. 1112 academic high school students were taken for this study by self-administered questionnaire surveys from Nov. 10. 1998 to Dec. 15, 1998 in the city of Taegu. As to female students, the better grades and mother's educational backgrounds they possessed, the higher scores in health promoting behavior were(p〈0.01), the better grades, the higher in self-efficacy(p〈0.01), the better grades and mother's educational backgrounds, the higher self-respect(p〈0.05), and when the family number were 3 to 5 the highest score was. In case of male students, from the above results, economic status, self efficacy, self-respect, and perceived health status are presented as the crucial factors on health promoting behavior meaning the better economic status, self-efficacy, self-respect, and perceived health status, the higher degree of conducting health promoting behavior. It picked mother's educational background, self-efficacy, self-respect, and perceived health status as the essential on female students, it indicating the better mothers' educational background, self efficacy, self respect, and perceived health status, the higher degree of conducting health promoting behavior. On the results of this study, I would like to suggest that we will have to conduct not only health education for health promoting behavior but also promoting programs for self-efficacy and self-respect at the same time in order to enhance the degree of conducting health promoting behavior for high school Students.