• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.340-345
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to evaluate microbial risk degree of some processed foods in Korea. In this study the data on the outbreak of foodborne diseases during recent 18 years (1976-1989, 1993-1996. 8) were analyzed. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Salmonella (36.9%); followed vibrio (22.0%), Staphylococcus (15.7%) and Escherichia coli (13.3%). Outbreak rate of Staphylococcus, Vibrio, E. coli and Salmonella, was 33.0%, 23.5%, 17.5% and 17.1%, respectively. Overall risk degree of pathogens by fatality rate, outbreak rate and pathogen amount for foodborne outbreak was Clostridium, 5, Staphylococcus and Vibrio, 4, Salmonella and E. coli, 3. Based on foodborne pathogens, the risk degree of raw seafoods, raw eggs and processed seafoods were 4, and those of raw meats, Doshiraks and milk products were 3. Also, based on processing characteristics of foods, the risk degree of surimi-based imitation crab was 3. Foods of the highest actual risk degree were raw seafoods and raw eggs (16); followed raw meats (15), surimi-based imitation crab (12), Doshirak (9) and milk products (6).

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.256-270
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• 2000

Invasive hemodynamic monitoring has become a valuable assessment parameters in critical care nursing in patients undergoing open heart surgery patients. During cardiac surgery, the Swan Ganz catheter is placed in the pulmonary artery. Critical care nurses routinely obtain cardiac output, cardiac index, and pulmonary arterial pressure in these patients. Traditionally, patients are positioned flat and supine for cardiac output measurement. Numerous studies have dealt with the effects of changing position on the hemodynamic variables. However, there are a few studies dealing with patients who undergo cardiac surgery in Korea. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of changing position on cardiac output, PAP, CVP, BP, HR and discomfort in patients after cardiac surgery. A sample of 21 adults who had CABG and/or valve replacement with Swan Ganz catheters in place was studied. The data were collected in the cardiac ICU of a university hospital in Seoul during the period from July 28, 1999 to August 30. 1999. In this study, the independent variable is patient position in the supine, 30 degree, and 45 degree angles. Dependent variables are C.O., C.I., CVP, PAP, MAP, HR and patients' perceived discomforts. Subject discomfort was measured subjectively by visual analogue scale. Other hemodynamic data where collected by the thermodilution method and by direct measurement. The data were analyzed by percentile, t-test, ANOVA, Linear regression analysis using SPSS-/WIN program. The results are as follows : 1) Changes in cardiac output were absent in different angle positions, 0, 30. 45 degrees(F=.070, P=.932). Changes in cardiac index were absent in different angle positions, 0. 30, 45 degrees(P>.05). 2) Changes in central venous pressure were absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(P>.05). 3) PAP had no change in different angle 0, 30, 45 degree positions; systolic PAP(P>.05), diastolic PAP(P>.05). 4) Changes in systolic blood pressure were absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(P>.05). 5) Changes in heart rates were absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(P>.05). 6) Patients' perceived discomfort was absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(p<.05). In conclusion, critical care nurses can measure C.O., C.I., PAP, BP, & CVP in cardiac surgery patients at 30 degree or 45 degree positions. This can improve the patients' comfort.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a school bullying prevention camp for adolescent perpetrators of school violence. Methods: A total of 95 adolescents (boys=73, girls=22) were included in this study. The changes after the program were evaluated using several self-rating scales for the assessment of the degree of depression, loneliness, impulsivity, self-esteem, and interpersonal reactivity compared with the baseline scales. Results: The school bullying prevention camp significantly reduced the degree of depression severity (z=-5.874, p<0.001) and impulsivity scale (z=-3.861, p<0.001), while increasing self-esteem (z=-2.091, p=0.037). The degree of depression severity (z=-4.635, p<0.001), loneliness (z=-2.168, p=0.030), and impulsivity (z=-2.987, p=0.003) significantly reduced, whereas self-esteem significantly increased (z=-2.221, p=0.026) for male students who had no history of child abuse. However, there were no significant changes after the program for the degree of depression, loneliness, impulsivity, self-esteem, and interpersonal reactivity among female students with a history of child abuse. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that the development of diverse standardized guidance programs is necessary for teenagers with different characteristics and backgrounds. Such programs are expected to be more effective in preventing school violence.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2020

This study attempted to investigate cognitive load, vividness, and cybersickness in nursing students, in the last year of nursing college, who used a 360-degree video content for studying intravenous fluid infusion, one of the core fundamental nursing skills. The aim was to determine the correlation between the variables, and to decide whether the 360-degree video content can be used as an effective supplementary educational material in the regular curricula. This study, a descriptive research, was conducted from October 31, 2019 to November 14, 2019. The participants in this study were 64 students in the 4th year of nursing college at a university located in B City, South Korea. They were instructed to watch a 360-degree video content for intravenous infusion using a Samsung Head Mounted Display (HMD) while ensuring the safety of the students. The results showed that the scores, out of 7 points, for material design, self-evaluation, and physical effort for cognitive load in nursing students were 5.93±0.71, 5.92±0.71, and 5.64±0.74 points, respectively. In addition, the scores, out of 7 points, for mental effort and task difficulty were 2.55±1.08 and 1.94±0.75 points, respectively, and the scores for vividness and cybersickness in the participants were 5.82±0.84, and 2.57±0.98 points, respectively. Physical effort, self-evaluation, and material design for cognitive load in the participants were positively correlated with vividness (r=.379, r=.458, r=.507). In addition, mental effort for cognitive load was positively correlated with cybersickness (r=.684), whereas self-evaluation and material design were negatively correlated with cybersickness (r=-.388, r=-.343). Based on the results of this study, we believe that the 360-degree video content for intravenous fluid infusion can be used as an educational medium in regular and non-regular curricula. In addition, future studies are needed to specifically develop and verify teaching and learning methods on how to apply 360-degree video contents..

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1985

This study has been to survey the present situation of satisfaction to the occupation and dental laboratory by means of selscting 200 dental technicians who are woked in Pusan, Deagu, Kwangju, Deajun. Questionaires were distributed to them and the summerized results were as follows; 1. In general, the dental technician's satisfaction of the occpation was revealed as moderate(Mn, 2.83), the dental technician's satisfaction of the laboratory was revealas moderate(Mn, 2.80). The highest degree item out of the satisfaction of occpation was the outlook(Mn, 3.23), and the lowest degree item was the advancement and the rise to a high position(Mn, 2.22). The highest degree item out of the satisfaction of laboratory was dental material(Mn, 3.07), and the lowest degree item was the equipment of dust collection(Mn, 2.49) 2. By age, the highest degree item out of the satisfaction of occpation was 30 to 43 group(Mn, 3.28), 50 and over group was the lowest degree item(Mn, 2.89). The highest degree item out of the satisfaction of laboratory was 40 to 50 group(Mn, 3.10), the lowest degree item was 35 to 39 group(Mn, 2.88). 3. By school career, the satisfaction of occpation and dental laboratory were higher in the graduated college group than the graduated highschool group. 4. By personal health state, the highest degree item of the satisfaction of occpation was the health group(Mn, 3.25). The highest degree item of the satisfaction of laboratory was the unhealthy group(Mn, 3.07). 5. By religion, the satisfaction if iccupation of laboratory ws higher in the religious group than the non-religious group. 6. By job career, the highest degree item of occupation satisfaction was 15 to 20 years group(Mn, 3.27), the lowest degree item was 20 and over group(Mn, 3.02). The highest degree item out of the satisfaction of laboratory was 15 to 20 years group(Mn, 3.05), The lowest degree item was 7 to 10 years group (Mn, 2.90). 7. By job position, the highest degree item out of satisfaction of occupation was the chief of laboratory group(Mn, 3.33), the head of laboratory group was the lowest degree item(Mn, 3.07). The hightest degree item out of the satisfaction of laboratory was the head of laboratory group(Mn, 3.10), the lowest degree item was the chief of laboratory group(Mn, 2.88). 8. By the place of employment, the degree of occpational satisfaction by items was found that the highest degree in the group engagel in general hospital(Mm, 3.43), the group engaged in dental clinic and hospital(Mn. 3.24), and the dental laboratory group(Mn. 3.14) in order. The difference among the group was significant emough(P<0.05). The highest degree item out of the satisfaction of laboratory was dental laboratory group(Mn. 2.70). The difference among the group was significant emough(P<0.01). 9. By monthly salary, the highest degree item out of the satisfaction of occupation was ￦500,000 to 600,000 group(Mn. 3.32), the lowest degree item was ￦600,000 and over group(Mn, 3.07). The highest degree item out of the laboratory satisfaction was ￦100,000 to 200,000 group(Mn, 3.03), the lowest degree group was ￦300,000 to 400,000 group(Mn, 2.95). 10. As compared with the degree of satisfaction according to job satisfaction, the highest degree item out of the occupational satisfaction was much satisfied group(Mn, 3.65), the lowest degree item was non-satisfied group(Mn, 2.68). The difference among the group was significant enough(P<0.05). The highest degree item out of the satisfaction of laboratory was non-satisfied group(Mn, 30.9), the lowest degree item was satisfied group(Mn, 2.84). The difference among the group was significant enough(P<0.01).

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.410-424
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and health behavior in girl high school students in all girl schools. The subjects were 190 girls in 2 Kunsan schools. The instruments used for this study were the social support scale developed by Park(1985) and the health behavior scale developed by Walker etc(1987). As modified by Lee & Han(1996). The data were analysed by correlation coefficient, regression coefficient using an SAS program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of social support was 3.96 and the mean score of health behavior was 3.33. 2. 1) General characteristics were related to the degree of social support: personality, spending money, friend number, exercise(p<0.05). 2) General characteristics were related to the degree of health behavior: personality, spending money, friend number, exercise, stress(p<0.05). 3. The hypothesis of this study, 'The higher the degree of social support perceived by the student, the higher the degree of health behavior' was supported(r=0.5730, p=0.0001). For these subjects, there was a significant relationship between social support and the degree of health behavior. Nurses should plan interventions in promotion health behavior with social support as a significant factor in adolescents. If so, their coping ability and well- being may be promoted.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.299-308
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• 1996

In order to epidemiologically verify the tensile that cervical abfraction is developed from the tensile stress during lateral excursion, comparisons between the experimental group with cervical abfraction and the control group without cervical abfaction was made by exmining the occlusal wear and patterns from the dental cast. 1. The degree of occlusal wear in the experimental group with cervical abfraction was higher than that of control group without cervical abfraction.(p<0.05) 2. No significant difference in the occlusal wear pattern was found between the experimental group and the control group. 3. Higher degree of occlusal wear was found in the age group of abov 40 than that of below 40.(p<0.05) 4. There was a correlation between the degree of occlusal wear and the degree of cevical abfraction.(p<0.05) 5. There was a correlation between the age and the degree of cevical abfraction.(p<0.05) It can be concluded that occlusal stress is the etiologic factor of cervical abfraction, but no clear distinction was made between the relationship of tensile stress and cervical abfraction.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2262-2270
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• 2013

이 연구는 임상실습을 실시하면서 병원감염에 노출되어 있는 응급구조과 학생들을 대상으로 병원감염관리 표준주의 지침의 인지도와 수행도를 파악함으로써 감염예방과 노출을 감소시킬 수 있는 효율적인 실천방안을 마련하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 연구결과 병원감염관리 표준주의 인지도에 비해 수행도가 낮은 결과를 보였고, 인지도와 수행도는 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(r=0.325, p=0.000). 향후 응급구조과 학생들의 병원감염관리 수행도를 증진 시킬 수 있도록 교과과정과 실습기관에서의 지속적인 교육프로그램이 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.610-615
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• 2015

In order to study and obtain the mathematical relation between the electrification degree of transformer oil flow and the electrostatic current, a small amount of data about the electrification degree of oil flow and the corresponding electrostatic current is studied by linear regression method and grey model method. The results show that the linear correlation between the electrification degree and the electrostatic current was not good, and the relation between the electrification degree of oil flow and electrostatic current (i) could be expressed as ${\rho}(0)=0.2049\;i^{(0)}+169.4419$ according to grey model GM (0, 2) when the electrification degree of oil flow is represented by the charge number generated from transformer oil per unit volume, namely the charge density (${\rho}$).

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.104-116
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• 1998

The paper was studied those aged of 65 years or over who were attending 11 senior citizen's centers and 4 nursing home centers for the aged during the day in Junla-buk do. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of depression and related factors by using the 20 part Zung's self-rating interview schedule. The results of the study were analized using an SAS program. Data analysis included the following : percent, average, S.D, ANOVA, T-test, Person's simple correlation, multiple regression. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The mean value of depression was 45.54 out of a total of 80 and the mean depression scale was 2.28 on a Likert scale. Those over a 50 degree depression rate was 37.7%. 2. There was a significant decrease of depression when monthly pocket money increased. 3. There was a significant decrease in depression degree when they think their health is good and they have no chronic disease. 4. There was a significant decrease in depression degree when activities of daily living increased, r= -0.537 and p=0.0001. There was a significant decrease in depression degree when health promoting behavior increased, r= -0.752 and p=0.0001. 5. There was a significant decrease in depression degree when social activities increased, in meeting a relatives and attending a senior citizen's center.