• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.475-490
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• 2023

Chemical water quality suitability for species (Ephemera strigata, Ephemera separigata, and Ephemera orientalis-sachalinensis group) of the mayfly genus Ephemera (Order Ephemeroptera) was analyzed with probability distribution models (Exponential, Normal, Lognormal, Logistic, Weibull, Gamma, Beta, Gumbel). Data was collected from 23,957 sampling units of 6,664 sites in Korea from 2010 to 2021. E. orientalis-sachalinensis occurred at the range of BOD₅ 0.3~11.1 mg/L (the best-fit Lognormal model); T-P 0.007~0.769 mg/L (the Gumbel model); TSS 0.4~142.2 mg/L (the Lognormal model). E. strigata occurred at the range of BOD₅ 0.4~7.4 mg/L (the Gumbel model); T-P 0.007~0.254 mg/L (the Lognormal model); TSS 0.4~17.1 mg/L (the Lognormal model). E. separigata occurred at the range of BOD₅ 0.4~2.6 mg/L (the R-Weibull model); T-P 0.007~0.134 mg/L (the Lognormal model); TSS 0.7~10.0 mg/L (the Lognormal model). Habitat suitability range of E. orientalis-sachalinensis was estimated to be 0.4~1.9 mg/L (BOD₅), 0.024~0.086 mg/L (T-P), 2.5~22.4 mg/L (TSS); that of E. strigata was 0.4~0.7 mg/L (BOD₅), 0.007~0.018 mg/L (T-P), 0.0~1.7 mg/L (TSS); that of E. separigata was 0.0~0.4 mg/L (BOD₅), 0.000~0.015 mg/L (T-P), 0.5~3.1 mg/L (TSS). In a relative comparision, E. orientalis-sachalinensis was estimated to be eurysaprobic, and narrowly adapted in high levels of T-P and TSS, E. strigata was estimated to be oligosaprobic and adapted in low levels of T-P and TSS, and E. separigata was estimated to be stenooligosaprobic and widely adapted in low level of T-P and TSS.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 2024

The number of elderly in care facilities is increasing in parallel with a rapid increase in the elderly population in Korea. We analyzed the meal satisfaction ratings, food preferences, and nutritional intakes of 74 patients aged ≥65 years living in a nursing hospital in Daegu. Food preferences were high for cooked rice, rice gruel, meat soup, soybean paste stew, beef, frozen pollack, squid, egg, spinach, sea mustard, cabbage kimchi, apple, peanut, drinking yogurt, pickled perilla leaves, and salted squid. Preferences for duck (P<0.01) and vegetable (P<0.01) cooking method were significantly different for men and women, and preference for soybean paste stew increased with age (P<0.05). Regarding nutrient intakes, men had higher energy (P<0.01), carbohydrates (P<0.05), and zinc (P<0.05) intakes than women, while women had higher vitamin C (P<0.05) intake than men. Furthermore, energy (P<0.001), carbohydrates (P<0.001), protein (P<0.05), dietary fiber (P<0.01), vitamin B₆ (P<0.01), phosphorus (P<0.05), and zinc (P<0.001) intakes significantly decreased with age. Men had a significantly higher nutrient adequacy ratios (NARs) for carbohydrates (P<0.05) and cal- cium (P<0.01) than women, while women had a significantly higher NARs for protein (P<0.05), vitamin A (P<0.01), vitamin C (P<0.05), thiamine (P<0.01), riboflavin (P<0.001), iron (P<0.001), and zinc (P<0.01). Mean adequacy ratios were 0.69 for men and 0.75 for women. In particular, NARs for carbohydrates (P<0.01), vitamin B₆ (P<0.01), and calcium (P<0.05) decreased significantly with age. In summary, the study shows that supplementing vitamin C, vitamin B₆, calcium, and iron, reducing sodium, and providing meals that reflect preferences will improve the nutritional statuses of elderly residents in a nursing hospital.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.177-184
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of 'KPIMT Torticollis Protractor', a smart phone and I-pad application for convenient range of motion measurement, and 'Image J', an analysis software with high reliability and validity, according to head tilt and active cervical rotation angle. This was done to determine the clinical utility of 'KPIMT Torticollis Protractor'. Methods: Head tilt and active cervical spine rotation angles of 40 children with congenital muscular torticollis were measured using Image J and KPIMT Torticollis Protractor, respectively. The level of concurrent validity and inter-rater and intra-rater reliability between the two measurement methods were analyzed. Results: For forty participants, the concurrent validity between Image J and KPIMT Torticollis Protractor showed very high validity with ICC of ICC 0.977 (0.995-0.999), 0.994 (0.994-0.998), CV_ME% 0.71-0.72%, SEM% 0.31-0.34%, MDC% 0.86-0.94%. The test-retest intra-rater reliability showed very high reliability ICC 0.911 (0.911-0.966), CV_ME% 0.71%, SEM% 0.34-0.36%, MDC% 0.81-0.94%. The test-retest inter-rater showed very high reliability ICC 0.936 (0.933-0.957), CV_ME% 0.70%, SEM% 0.34-0.35%, MDC% 0.81-0.83%. Conclusion: The KPIMT Torticollis Protractor, a smart phone and IPD application, is a highly reliable and valid device for angle measurement in children with congenital myotonia and can be easily used in clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.233-235
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• 2003

Heavy metal contents in commercial horticultural growing media were investigated Fifty-three samples were collected nationwide during 2000 to 2001 and heavy metals in the samples were analyzed by ICP-OES after acid digestion and 0.1N HCl extraction. Average contents of total Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, and Zn by acid digestion in the growing media were 0.69, 35.7, 14.9, 15.5, 12.7, and 54.8 mg/kg DW, respectively. The ranges of heavy metal in the growing media were $0{\sim}1.82$, $0{\sim}259.8$, $1.6{\sim}69.5$, $0{\sim}60.7$, $0{\sim}36.5$, $12.9{\sim}124.0\;mg/kg$ DW for Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Heavy metal contents in the commercial horticultural growing media were showed lower levels than the permitted levels for quality control described by Korean Standard Analytical Method for Growing Media. Average contents and ranges of 0.1 N HCl extractable heavy metals were 0.08 and $0{\sim}0.20$ for Cd, 0.38 and $0{\sim}2.10$ for Cr, 1.45 and $0{\sim}4.03$ for Cu, 0.85 and $0{\sim}3.31$ for Ni, 0.84 and $0{\sim}2.21$ for Pb, and 30.68 and $0.18{\sim}88.45\;mg/kg$ DW for Zn, respectively. These concentrations by 0.1 N HCl extraction showed much less levels than those of total heavy metals by acid digestion.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.215-229
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• 2013

This study compared and examined the dietary behavior and food frequency of 100 female workers in their 20s who work night and day shifts at take-out coffee shops and 100 female office workers. The results of the study can be summarized as the following. The experimental group showed lower rates of income, tenure of office, sleeping hours, and frequency of exercise(p<0.001), and higher rates of gastric and intestinal illnesses, weight fluctuates, and smoking(p<0.001) than the control group. More than 83% of the experimental group(p<0.001) answered that they eat alone(p<0.001). The experimental group showed lower rates of regularity of meal and balanced diet(p<0.001), and higher rates of overeating(p<0.01), skipping breakfast and eating late-at-night(p<0.001) than the control group. The experimental group consumed less frequently rice, meat, fish, egg, bean, kimchi, vegetables and fruit(p<0.001), and more frequently noodles, bread, cereal, seaweed, milk, coffee and alcohol(p<0.001) than the control group.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2000

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop in vivo dosimetries using both chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in mice to assess biological effects of radiations. Materials and Methods: Five each mice were irradiated with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 Gy of Cs-137 gamma-rays. We scored numbers of chromosomal aberrations in metaphase spreads and numbers of micronuclei in bone marrow smears under light microscope, and obtained the dose-response relationships. We also examined the relationship between the two dose-response curves. Results: The frequency of both chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei increased with dose, in a linear-quadratic manner The delta, beta, and alpha coefficients were 0.0176, 0.0324, and 0.0567 for metaphase analysis (r=1.0, p<0.001) and 0.0019, 0.0073, and 0.0506 for micronuclei assay (r=1.0, p<0.001). The frequency of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in different radiation doses was significantly correlated (r=0.99, p<0.01). Conclusion: In vivo dosimetry using either metaphase analysis or micronucleus assay was feasible in mice. These methods could be useful to evaluate biological effects of radiation.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.171-185
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• 2002

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the spine distortion and self-conscious pain in high school students. Method : Using the phase-shifting moire developed by KAIST(Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) we measured the back surface distortion, and using questionnaire investigation, we investigated the self-conscious pain in 30 high school students(17 boy students and 13 girl students). Results : This study show that low back pain was most cases, and next headache, upper back pain, abdominal pain, neck pain, shoulder pain, leg pain, chest pain and gluteal pain. The ratio of each self-conscious pain was 90.0%, 86.7%, 83.3%, 83.3%, 80.0%, 76.7%, 66.7%, 33.3%, 33.3%, 30.0%. In remainder value of left and right shoulder, above of 3.0 were three students., above 2.0 to bellow 3.0 were 10 students, bellow 2.0 were 17 students. In remainder value of left and right gluteal, above of 2.0 was one students, above 1.0 to bellow 2.0 were 18 students, bellow 1.0 were 10 students. In remainder value of cervical vertical line to left and right axillae, above 4.0 was 1 student, above 3.0 to bellow 2.0 were 2 students, above 2.0 to bellow 3.0 were 3 students, above 1.0 to bellow 2.0 were 16 students, bellow 1.0 were 7 students. In remainder value of gluteal vertical line to left and right axillae, above 6.0 was 1 student, above 5.0 to bellow 6.0 were 7 students, above 4.0 to bellow 5.0 were 3 students, above 3.0 to bellow 4.0 were 2 students, above 2.0 to bellow 3.0 were 5 students, above 1.0 to bellow 2.0 were 7 students, bellow 1.0 were 5 students. In remainder value of cervical vertical line to gluteal vertical line, above 40 was 1 student, above 3.0 to bellow 4.0 were 4 students, above 3.0 to bellow 3.0 were 6 students, above 1.0 to bellow 2.0 were 8 students, bellow 1.0 were 11 students. Conclusion : It is suggested that the significant correlation exist between the spinal distortion and self-conscious pain. And we can find many cases as spinal distortion in high school students also. We have to study further more about juvenile postural distortion and it's prevention.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.15-35
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• 1983

High voltage paper-electrophoresis of fission products from 24 hour neutron-irradiated and 150 days-decayed 90% highly enriched uranyl nitrate solution has been carried out by using the specially designed migration apparatus. The separation of Zr-95 and Nb-95 from the other fission products is possible under the migration condition of 0.1 $M-HClO_4$ (pH=0.85), 0.05 M-HCl+0.09M-KCl (pH=0.9), 0.1M-HCl (pH=1.1) and 0.01 M-HCl (pH=2.0). Zr-95 and Nb-95 are separated out at+1cm from the fiducial point. The separation of Zr-95 and Nb-95 from each other is possible under the migration condition of 0.1 $M-HClO_4$, 0.05 M-HCl+0.09 M-KCl, 0.1 M-HCl and 0.1 M-HAc+0.1 M-NaAc (pH=4.68) together with 2% ammonium oxalate. Nb-95 is separated out at $-6{\sim}-7cm$ from the fiducial point and Zr-95 at $+1{\sim}-lcm$. The separation of Ru-103 from the other fission products is possible under the migration condition of 0.025 $M-Na_2CO_3+0.025\;M-NaHCO_3$ (pH=10.0), 0.01M-$Na_3PO_4$ (pH=11.7) and 0.1 M-NaOH (pH=13.2). Ru-103 migrates towards the anode -6cm, -4cm and -3cm, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.281-290
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• 1989

Growth of the Korean pomfret, Pampus echinogaster, captured in the East China Sea from January to December 1987, was estimated by annual rings on the vertebral centrum. The time of annual ring formation was approximately during September and October. Von Ber-talanffy growth equations derived from the mean back-calculated fork length(cm) at each age were as follows: for females, $L_{t}=29.17(1-e xp(-0.3213(t+0.7601)))$, for males, $L_t=28.21(1-e xp(-0.3169(t+0.8284)))$, and for sexes combined, $L_t=29.00(1-e xp(-0.3228(t+0.7361)))$, Seasonal growth equations derived from the mean observed fork length (cm) at age by month were as follows: for females, $L_t=29.2(1-e xp(-0.3458(t+0.8182)+(0.3458/2\pi)sin2\pi(t+0.027)))$, and for males, $L_t=28.2(1-e xp(-0.2789(t+1.5913)+(0.2789/2\pi)sin2\pi(t-0.1062)))$.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

Objectives: To compare the contents of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide before/after a decoction. Methods: The heavy metal contents before/after a decoction were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer(ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. In order to analyze pesticides in 5 samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. Results: 1. The mean values of heavy metal contents(mg/kg) for the samples were as follows: Galgeun-tang(before decoction-Pb; 0.793, Cd; 0.133, As; 0.016 and Hg; 0.005, after decoction-Pb; 0.033, Cd; 0.004, As; 0.002 and Hg; not detected), Gumiganghwal-tang(before decoction-Pb; 0.934, Cd; 0.197, As; 0.046 and Hg; 0.006, after decoction-Pb; 0.062, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.004 and Hg; 0.0001), Sosiho-tang(before decoction-Pb; 0.891, Cd; 0.134, As; 0.091 and Hg; 0.014, after decoction-Pb; 0.036, Cd; 0.002, As; 0.004 and Hg; not detected), Ojuck-san(before decoction-Pb; 0.907, Cd; 0.136, As; 0.084 and Hg; 0.007, after decoction-Pb; 0.074, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.011 and Hg; 0.0005) and Samsoeum(before decoction-Pb; 1.234, Cd; 0.154, As; 0.016 and Hg; 0.007, after decoction-Pb; 0.094, Cd; 0.006, As; 0.002 and Hg; 0.001). 2. Contents(mg/kg) of residual pesticides before/after a decoction in all samples were not detected. 3. Contents(mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) before a decoction in Galgeun-tang, Gumiganghwal-tang, Sosiho-tang, Ojuck-san and Samsoeum exhibited 1.2, 3.4, 11.1, 12.0 and 5.7, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide after a decoction in all samples were not detected. Conclusions: These results will be used to establish a criterion of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide.