• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.303-306
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• 2004

참멍게의 체액세포로부터 산추출 후, 조 추출물에서 천연항균소재를 개발하기 위해 먼저 멍게 조 추출액을 직접 Tricine-SDS PAGE를 통하여 주요 펩타이드들의 분자량의 범위를 살펴본 결과 6kDa 이하의 분자량의 펩타이드들이 다량 존재함을 알수 있었다. 펩타이드들의 size별 항균활성을 알아보기 위해 여러 사이즈의(100, 50, 30, 10 kDa)의 한외여과만으로 여과하여 그 여과액들의 specific 활성을 알아본 결과 여과막의 cut-off size에 상관없이 거의 인정한 specific activity를 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 멍게 조 추출액의 여러 미생물에 대한 항균 스펙트럼을 알아보기 위해 E.coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, V. parahaemolyticus, L. monocytogenes, B. sutillus, S. aureus, S. mutans 균주들을 $10^5 CFU/ml$로 부터 4log 감소시키는 농도를 측정한 결과 각각 200, 50, 60, 10, 25, 30, 100, 100ppm 농도였으며, 대표적 상용화 항균 펩타이드인 Nisin과의 항균활성 비교 결과 비슷하거나 월등히 뛰어난 결과를 보여주었다. 또한 추출액의 열안정성을 측정하기 위해 $100^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 가열한 후 원액과의 항균력의 차이를 Radial diffusion assay로 알아본 결과 항균력의 차이가 거의 없음을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.428-434
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to develop a sanitary aquarium for the safety slices of raw fish by using U.V. light. Water re-circulating system was composed of two tanks. One of the tanks $(90\times45\times45cm\;in\;size),$ was used for rearing fish and the other $(90\times45\times45cm\;in\;size),$ with 37 pieces of corrugated plastic plates was used for the growth of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter to remove ammonia from the water. Consequently, bactericidal effects of U.V. light were examined under the controlled condition of water with flow rate 730m1/sec (water flow thickness: 10mm), the width 41cm of water flow route, and the distance 4.75cm from the lamp to its water bottom, and U.V. light 75W (5 lamps). The water of the aquarium tank will be theroetically circulated 1 cycle per 18 min. In these conditions the bactericidal effect was $85\%$ just after passing through U,V. light and 3 log cycle in aquarium tank water. The count of Vibrio parahaemolyticus just after irradiation was decreased by about over than 3 log cycle. Under the irradiation for 72 hours, viable cell counts in both skin and gill of fish reared were decreased into about 2 log cycle, but there was no significant decrease in viscera. When the temperature of the tank was controlled at about $20-23^{\circ}C$ under the same condition, viable cell counts were reduced about 2 log cycle, and fecal coliforms were reduced about 1 log rycle and 3 log cycle in Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis, respectively.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 2007

In order to enhance the functionality and storage period of traditional fermented foods, the strain CH-14, which To enhance the quality of traditional fermented foods, and to lengthen acceptable storage periods, a bacterial strain, CH-14, showing potent enzyme activities and antibacterial capabilities, was isolated and characterize4 The bacterium wn Gram-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, formed endospores, expressed flagella, was rod-shaped, and had dimensions of 0.5 0.7m and 3.5 4.2m. The bacterium CH-14 was identified as Bacillus subtilis using Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, and an API 50 CHL Carbohydrate Test Kit. An optimum growth medium contained 2% (w/v) cellobiose as a carbon source, a mixture of 0.5% (w/v) yeast extract and 0.5% (w/v) peptone as nitrogen sources, and 0.05% (w/v) $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$. The optimal culture temperature and the optimal initial pH were in the ranges of 30 $45^{\circ}C$ and 4.5 10.0, respectively. Maximum production of the antibacterial substance occurred after 24h of culture. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the antibacterial substance were 5mg bacterial dry weight/mL against E. coli and P. mirabilis, and 10 mg/mL against S. aureus, S. enteritidis and V. parahaemolyticus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.297-301
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• 2006

For developing natural antibacterial agents from Houttuynia cordata Thunb., antibacterial effects of volatile flavor component using various bacterial sp. were tested. Extraction from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. by using SDE (Simultaneous steam Distillation-Extraction) showed strong antibacterial activities against Vibrio and Bacillus genus, such as Vibrio. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Bacillus. cereus, and B. subtilis. Then chemical compositions of leaf and stem were analyzed. The contents of crude protein, lipid, and ash in stem were less than those of leaf, but fiber contents were higher than those of leaf. Among the amino acids, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and arginine were higher than those of other amino acids. Linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid were major fatty acids. Major minerals of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. were potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper. Especially, in the case of potassium, it was highest.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.119-123
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of green laver (Enteromorpha linza) on the muk (starch jelly) preservation. The methanol extract of green laver completely inhibited the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml level, and inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml level. The Listeria monocytogenes was inhibited by 98.89% at the same concentration. When various amounts of green laver powder were added in muk (starch jelly), 5% of green laver powder-added muk showed very low level of total bacterial count compared with the control group. Also, green laver did not give negative sensory qualities such as color, flavor and overall quality. Five % green laver muk was selected as the most preferable sample among the green laver muks in overall quality test.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.339-348
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• 2008

Butea frondosa has been used traditionally as a topical formulation in the treatment of many diseases and disorders. Two compounds [BF-1 (crystalline flavonol quercetin) and BF-2 (tannin) from ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract] were isolated from the bark of Butea frondosa. The stereostructures of the compounds were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. BF-1 and BF-2 were screened in vitro for possible antibacterial property against 112 bacteria comprising 3 genera of Gram-positive and 12 genera of Gram-negative types. It was found that both BF-1 and BF-2 exhibited inhibitory activity against several bacteria. Most of these strains were inhibited by BF-1 at $50-200\;{\mu}g/ml$, while BF-2 ($MIC_{50}$ $400\;{\mu}g/ml$) was much less active. The bacteria could be arranged in the decreasing order of sensitivity towards BF-1 in the following manner: S. aureus, Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Shigella spp., E. coli and Pseudomonas spp. The $MIC_{50}$ of the compound was $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ while the $MIC_{90}$ was $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. The decreasing order of sensitivity towards BF-2 was V. cholerae, Bacillus spp., S. aureus, V. parahaemolyticus, Salmonella spp. and Proteus spp. BF-1 was bactericidal in action. In vivo studies with this extract showed that it could offer statistically significant protection (p < 0.01) to mice challenged with a virulent bacterium. The inhibitory activity of Butea frondosa against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria indicates its usefulness in the treatment of common bacterial infections. The potentiality of BF-1 as an antibacterial agent may be confirmed further by pharmacological studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1202-1209
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• 2009

Antimicrobial activity of UlGeum (Curcuma longa L.) was investigated. Methanol extract of dried UlGeum was fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fraction. The antimicrobial activity of five crude fractions were examined using impregnated paper disk agar diffusion. Ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect on the microorganisms such as B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, L. monocytogenes and V. parahaemolyticus at 1,000 ${\mu}g$/disc. Ethyl acetate fraction was further fractionated by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The antimicrobial compound was isolated from their fractions and its chemical structure was identified as a 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran by GC-MS and $^1H$-NMR.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.835-841
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• 1998

The antimicrobial activities of horseradish ( Wasahia japonica) root extract against 4 kinds of food poisoning bacteria and 3 kinds of molfs were examined. The antimutagenic activity of horseradish ( Wasahia japonica) root extracts was also examined by Ames test with Salmonella tyhimurium TA 98 The antimicrobial activities of distilled water extracts from horseradish root were stronger than those of ethanol extracts, and stronger against molds than bacteria. Of the kinds of bacteria, Vibrio parahaemolyticus was best inhibited by the distilled water extracts from horseradish root. The antimicrobial activity of distilled water extracts from horseradish root were stronger against 3-Amino-1, 4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido{4,3-b}indole than 2-Amino-3,-8-dimethylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoxaline.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.212-217
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• 2000

This study was determined protein reaction, antioxidative activity, nitrite scavening ability and antimicrobial activity of tannins isolated from astringent persimmon fruits. Tannins extracted from green persimmon fruits reacted highly with BSA(bovine serum albumin). Reactions between tannins and BSA were more active when contents of tannin were higher than that of BSA. Antioxidative abilities of green persimmon tannin were comparable to that of BHT(butylated hydroxytoluene). Green persimmon tannins exhibited remarkable nitrite-scavenging activity. Different antimicrobial activities of persimmon tannins were observed depending on the maturity. The growth of V. parahaemolyticus and E coil were highly inhibited by the addition of persimmon tannins. Tannins from soft persimmon did not have antimicrobial activities against B. subtilis and S. typhimurium.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.410-417
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• 1999

Antimicrobial activity of Plantain(Plantago asiatica L.) was investigated. Methanol extract of dried Plantain was fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and aqueous fraction. Ethylacetate fraction among these fractions showed the highest inhibitory effect on the microorganisms such as B. subtilis, E. coli, and V. parahaemolyticus at 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/disc. Ethylacetate fraction was further fractionated into 8 fractions by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography(TLC). The results showed that ethylacetate fractions No. 2 and 3 had the highest anti-microbial activity. They were mixed again, re-separated, and seven fractions were obtained. Among them, No.4 and 6 fraction had the highest inhibitory effect on the microorganisms, which were then separated into four fractions. In the 3rd fractionation, No.4 fraction was identified as hexadecanoic acid by HPLC, $^1$H-NMR and GC-MS.