• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Fuel shutoff valve of a gas generator controls propellant mass flowrate of a rocket engine, by using pilot pressure and spring force. The developing fuel shutoff valve can be self sustained even though pilot pressure is removed in an actuator. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of the forces with respect to the opening and closing of the valve in order to evaluate its performance. In light of this, the valve has been designed to adjust the control pressure for the opening of the poppet and to determine the working fluid pressure at which the valve starts to close. This paper also has been designed dynamic model using the AMESim and predicted flow coefficient of the valve by Fluent CFD analysis. Various results from the prediction and the analysis have been compared with experiments. Finally, dynamic characteristics of the valve have been verified with experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.6-9
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• 2011

지속하중을 받는 철근콘크리트 휨부재는 크리프, 건조수축 등 장기거동에 의하여 처짐이 증가된다. ACI318-08, KCI 2007 등 현행 구조설계기준의 장기처짐 평가방법은 인장 및 압축 철근비, 배근상세, 재료 강도 등 설계변수에 따른 장기처짐의 변화를 합리적으로 고려하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 장기거동에 의한 힘의 평형조건과 변형률 적합조건을 사용하여 크리프와 건조수축에 의한 철근콘크리트 균열단면의 장기변형을 예측하는 간략 평가식을 제안하였다. 장기변형 평가 시 콘크리트와 철근은 선형탄성거동을 가정하였고, 시간에 따른 콘크리트와 철근 사이의 응력재분배를 고려하기 위하여 재령보정탄성계수법을 적용하였다. 변수연구 및 검증 결과, 철근콘크리트 휨재의 장기처짐은 설계변수의 영향으로 달라질 수 있고, 제안된 방법은 이러한 장기처짐의 변화를 비교적 정확하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.82-90
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• 1999

Electrorheological(ER) fluid is a material that shows the dramatic change of rheological properties under an electric field and responds reversibly in a few milliseconds. ER fluid's response to an electric field along with its fast switching capability allows ER devices to be precisely controlled. The real application with ER fluid, however, has many limitations to be overcome; temperature fluctuation, moisture, dust, aggregation, precipitation, and low yield stress, for example. The magnitude and the characteristics of yield stress of ER fluid plays an important role in practical applications. In this research, a dynamic simulation on the squeezing flow of the ER fluid was carried out. Numerical simulation on isolated chains was performed to find out the effect of hydrodynamic and electrostatic force depending on the chain location, the squeezing rate, and the chain structure. Suspension model that is composed of a large number of particles was also investigated. The increase of normal stresses as well as the existence of a yield stress at an earlier stage could be observed, and the effective control of the normal stresses could be achieved at an optimal condition of the hydrodynamic force and the electrostatic force.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2008

Purpose: This review article was written to investigate what kind of forces are acting on the contact lens fitted on the cornea and its subsequent motion. Methods: A capillary action-induced force develops in the tear layer between the lens and cornea, which leads to the restoring force due to difference in layer thickness according to lens rotation. The characteristics of the lens movement can be determined by the various factors such as friction between eyelid and lens, acceleration force based on blinking and the restoring force incorporated with the viscous damping force. A mathematical model which consists of the differential equations and their numerical solution was proposed to analyze the damped motion of lenses. The model predicts the time dependence of lenses during and after the blink varying the BC, blink period and eyelid pressure. Results: It was found that both the blink period and lid pressure increases the movement increases because of the enhanced lid friction. As the BC increases the viscous damping reduces due to the lacrimal layer's increase which resulted in the enhanced lens motion. After blink the lens illustrates the damped oscillation because of the restoring force by the increased lacrimal layer thickness and reduced viscous resistance. The time for the lens to return to the equilibrium shortens as the BC increase because of the resistance reduction. Conclusions: The movement of the contact lens is governed by the characteristics of the lacrimal layer between the lens and cornea as well as the lid blink.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.384-398
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution and the displacement pattern of mandibular anterior teeth under various intrusive force vectors according to the position of orthodontic miniscrews and hooks, using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model was constructed to simulate mandibular teeth, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The displacement of individual tooth on three-dimensional planes and the von Mises stress distribution were compared when various intrusion force vectors were applied. Results: Intrusive forces applied to 4 mandibular anterior teeth largely resulted in remarkable labial tipping of the segment according to the miniscrew position. All 6 mandibular anterior teeth were labially tipped and the stress concentrated on the labiogingival area by intrusive force from miniscrews placed mesial to the canine. The distointrusive force vector led to pure intrusion and the stress was evenly distributed in the whole periodontal ligament when the hook was placed between the central and lateral incisors and the miniscrew was placed distal to the canine. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that predictable pure intrusion of the 6 anterior teeth segment may be accomplished using miniscrews placed distal to the canine and hooks located between the central and lateral incisors.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.371-383
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to compare junior high school students' conceptual changes about force and motion and their interest in science between a group with the instruction including sports experiential learning activities and a group with traditional instruction. In addition, for a group with sports experiential learning activities, students' conceptual changes and interest were examined according to the degree of their sports-experience before the instruction.The subject was 7th-grade students(N=82), and they were divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. The conceptual changes were positive in both groups. In the multiple choice questions the experimental group students(20.0%) were more positively changed than the control group students(17.2%). The number of students who responded with the right explanation increased 26.7% in the experimental group and 10.4% in the control group. The interest of the control group was significantly increased in the topic dimension(p<0.05). The interest of the experimental group was significantly increased in the experiential activity and the communicative activity(p<0.05). Students who had much sports-experience showed the most positive changes. Moreover the interest of these students was especially increased in internal motive, receptive activity, experiential activity, and communicative activity.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.13 no.2 s.54
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• pp.172-180
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• 2009

Normally in order to build a semi-active control system equipped with MR damper, the dynamic modeling of the damper is required to numerically predict its dynamic damping force and also its behavioral characteristics. For the dynamic modeling of the MR damper, this paper attempts to predict and evaluate its dynamic behavior by applying specifically both a power model and a Bingham model. Dynamic loading tests were performed on the squeeze type of damper specially designed for this research, and force-displacement hysteresis loops confirmed the effectiveness of the damper as a semi-active control device. In the meantime, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of each model applied, the model parameter for each model was identified. On the basis of the parameter, we derived the error ratio of the force-velocity relationship curve and the dynamic damping force, which was contrasted and compared with the experimental results of the squeeze type of damper. Finally, the squeeze type of MR damper developed in this research was proved to be valid as a semi-active control device, and also the evaluation of the two dynamic models showed they were working fine so that they were likely to be easily utilized to numerically predict the dynamic characteristics of any dampers with MR fluid as well as the squeeze type of MR damper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.57-60
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• 1995

연안에서 파랑은 심해에서는 해수면 근방에서 운동량이 크며 따라서 구조물에 작용하는 힘도 해수면 근방에서 크다. 반면 천해역에서는 해저면에서의 운동량도 상당하며, 이러한 해저면에서의 파랑에 관련된 수입자의 운동은 해저 퇴적물의 이동에 직접 영향을 미친다. 해저면에서의 비활 조건(no-slip condition)에 의하여 파랑 경계층내의 해수의 거동은 복잡하다. 이러한 해저면 경계층의 거동을 파악하기 의한 접근 방법은 크게 둘로 나눌 수 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1991.11a
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• pp.43-48
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• 1991

최근 항공기 및 자동차 관련산업 등의 급속한 발전에 따라 정밀도가 높고 결함이 없는 제품을 단기간에 생산하기 위한 금속성형공정의 가공법 및 해석 방법에 대한 연구가 활발하다. 금속성형공정에서의 주된 공학적 관심사는 원하는 형상의 제품을 내부결함없이 생산하기 위한 성형하중과 금속유동의 예측 및 응력분포 등이다. 그러나 해석적인 방법으로 실제 금속성형문제에 대한 완전해를 얻는 것은 매우 어려우므로 실제해에 근접한 근사해를 구한다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.511-514
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 스피커 전용 해석 소프트웨어를 이용 하이파이용 우퍼에 대한 해석결과를 기술하였다. 전용 소프트웨어를 사용하는 경우에는 범용 소프트웨어에 비하여 다양한 경계조건을 갖는 경우에는 적용할 수 없다. 해석 대상은 무한배플에 장학된 하이파이용 우퍼로서 다이아프램의 breakup 현상을 예측할 수 있었다. 또한, 다이아프램의 두께 변경과 다양한 재료 및 힘 요소의 크기에 따른 하이파이용 라우드스피커의 음향특성들을 파악할 수가 있었다.