• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.469-483
• /
• 2020

The results of long-term groundwater level and quality monitoring can be used not only as the basic data for evaluating the impact of various disasters including climate change and establishing responses, but also as key data for predicting and managing geological disasters such as earthquakes. Some countries use groundwater level and quality monitoring for researches to predict earthquakes and to assess the impacts of the earthquake disaster. However, a few cases in Korea report on individual groundwater quality factors (i.e., dissolved ions) observed before and after the earthquakes, being different from other countries. To establish the abnormality criteria for groundwater quality in Pohang, groundwater samples were collected and analyzed five times from 14 agricultural or private wells existing in Shingwang-myeon and Heunghae-eup. As a result of the analysis, it was found that Ca2+ was the dominant cation in Shingwang-myeon, while Na+ was the dominant cation in Heunghae-eup. The elevated NO3- concentration in Shingwang-myeon is contributed to the agricultural activity in the area. A high concentration of Fe was detected in a well on Heunghae-eup; the concentration exceeded the drinking water standard by nearly 100 times. Relatively higher dissolved ions were observed in the groundwater of Heunghae-eup, and it is considered as the result of the flow velocity difference and water-rock reaction accompanying the difference in bedrock and sediment characteristics. The groundwater of Shingwang-myeon appeared to be most affected by the weathering of granite and silicates, while that of Heunghae-eup was mainly affected by the weathering of silicates and carbonate. The background concentrations (baselines) of groundwater Shingwang-myeon and Heunghae-eup was identified through the survey; however, the continuous monitoring is required to monitor the possible changes and the repeatability of seasonal variation.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.485-505
• /
• 2022

On November 15, 2017, a Mw 5.4 Pohang Earthquake occurred at about 4 km hypocenter in the Heunghae area, and caused great damage to Pohang city, Korea. In the Heunghae area, which is the central part of the Pohang Basin, the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Supergroup and the Late Cretaceous to Early Paleogene Bulguksa igneous rocks as basement rocks and the Neogene Yeonil Group as the fillings of the Pohang Basin, are distributed. In this paper, structural and geological researches on the crustal deformations (folds, faults, joints) in the Pohang Basin and the coseismic ground deformations (sand volcanoes, ground cracks, pup-up structures) of Pohang Earthquake were carried out, and the deformation history of the Pohang Basin and characteristics of the coseismic ground deformations were considered. The crustal deformations were formed through at least five deformation stages before the Quaternary faulting: forming stages of the normal-slip (Gokgang fault) faults which strike (N)NE and dip at high angles, and the high-angle joints of E-W trend regionally recognized in Yeonil Group and the faults (sub)parallel to them, and the conjugate normal-slip faults (Heunghae fault and Hyeongsan fault) which strike E-W and dip at middle or low angles and the accompanying E-W folds, and the conjugate strike-slip faults dipped at high angles in which the (N)NW and E-W (NE) striking fault sets show the (reverse) sinistral and dextral strike-slips, respectively, and the conjugate reverse-slip faults in which the NNE and NNW striking fault sets dip at middle angles and the accompanying N-S folds. Sand volcanoes often exhibit linear arrangements (sub)parallel to ground cracks in the coseismic ground deformations. The N-S or (N)NE trending pop-up structures and ground cracks and E-W or (W)NW trending ground were formed by the reverse-slip movement of the earthquake source fault and the accompanying buckling folding of its hanging wall due to the maximum horizontal stress of the Pohang Earthquake source. These structural activities occurred extensively in the Heunghae area, which is at the hanging wall of the earthquake source fault, and caused enormous property damages here.

• The Science & Technology
• /
• v.32 no.11 s.366
• /
• pp.22-25
• /
• 1999

20세기 중반부터 바다의 신비를 벗기는 혁신적인 연구가 계속되고 있다. 동태평양과 흥해의 해저에서 뜨겁고 높은 염분의 해수가 솟아오르고 있으며 미국 오레곤주 깊은 수심의 태평양 해저에서는 1천미터 높이의 대형 물기둥이 발견되어 해양학자들은 크게 고무되고 있다. 이같은 세계적 규모의 해양연구는 앞으로 21세기 초반에 더욱 강화될 것이다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.15 no.4 s.42
• /
• pp.391-405
• /
• 2005

Chemical and isotopic analysis for stream water, shallow groundwater, intermediate groundwater and deep groundwater was carried out to grasp hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater in the Heunghae area, Pohang city. Water type of stream water and shallow groundwaters is typified as Ca-Cl type, intermediate groundwater is $Na-HCO_3$, and deep groundwater is prominent in Wa-Cl type. $HCO_3^-\;and\;SiO_2$ in shallow groundwater are originated from weathering of silicate minerals, whereas those of deep groundwaters are resulted from weathering of carbonate minerals. Ca and Mg ions in both shallow and deep groundwaters are resulted from weathering of calcite and dolomite. $SO_4^{2-}$ in shallow groundwater is originated mainly from pyrite oxidation. As well depth increases, pH and TDS increase, but Eh and DO decrease. Alkali metal contents(K, Na, Li) increases as well depth increases, but alkali earth metal(Mg, Ca) and hi concentrations increase as well depth decreases. Anions, halogen elements(F, Cl, Br), and $HCO_3$ contents increase as well depth increases. The average stable isotope value of the groundwater of each depth is as follows; deep groundwater: ${\delta}^{18}O=-10.1\%o,\;{\delta}D=-65.8\%_{\circ}$, intermediate groundwater: ${\delta}^{18}O=-8.9\%_{\circ},\;{\delta}D=-59.6\%_{\circ}$, shallow groungwater : ${\delta}^{18}O=-8.0\%_{\circ},\;{\delta}D=-53.6\%_{\circ}$, surface water : ${\delta}^{18}O=-7.9\%_{\circ},\;{\delta}D=-53.3\%_{\circ}$ respectively.

• The Korea Swine Journal
• /
• v.29 no.8 s.336
• /
• pp.156-160
• /
• 2007

마산지역은 항구도시로 교통과 교역이 흥성한 경남의 대표도시이다. 뿐만 아니라 도농복합도시로 예부터 양돈이 흥해 양돈을 시작한 지 대부분 20~30년 이상이 된 경남지역 양돈산업의 터주대감 중에 하나이다. 지난 7월19일에는 '창립32주년'을 기념하여 전 회원이 참석한 가운데 기념행사를 개최하기도 했다. 마산지부는 오래된 역사만큼이나 양돈 생산성 향상과 개선을 위해 최선의 노력을 기울이고 있다. 이를 위해 마산지부 회원들은 해양매출 저감에 노력하는 한편, 가축분뇨 자원화를 통한 분뇨처리 시스템 구축과 지역 대표 돼지고기 브랜드 사업을 적극 추진하여 지역 양돈산업의 재도약을 위해 매진하고 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.289-290
• /
• 2002

쏠종개, Piotosus lineatus는 메기목(Silunriformes), 쏠종개과(Plotosidae)에 속하는 열대성 어류로서 우리 나라 제주도 및 일본 중부 이남, 인도양 연안, 흥해 등지에 분포하고 있으며, 연안 얕은 암초 사이나 바위 밑의 해조류가 무성한 곳에 무리를 이루어 서식한다(Jeong, 1988). 전세계적으로 쏠종개과(Plotosidae) 어류는 9속 32종이 알려지고 있으며, 일반적으로 4쌍의 촉수(barbel)를 가지며 기름 지느러미가 없는 것을 특징으로 한다(Nelson, 1994). (중략)

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.703-713
• /
• 2016

This study documents the altitude of paleo-shoreline and formation age of the $1^{st}$ marine terrace emerged around Heunghae-eup Pohang City (South Korea). As a result, the $1^{st}$ terrace representing 10 m of the paleo-shoreline was formed at MIS 5c around 100,000 BP and was influenced repetitive sedimentation of sea-wave till regression of MIS 5a. The result is recognized as a definite truth for the $1^{st}$ terrace in the eastern coast of the Korean peninsula based on synthetic reviews of previous studies and cross-validation of absolute age data. Furthermore, this study deduces a sea stand at MIS 5c from the geomorphological contrast method, but precise determination of paleo-shoreline of the $2^{nd}$ terrace should be required to estimate that of MIS 5c.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 1997

Seasonal variation in species composition of fish in the coastal water off Heunghae were determined using the samples collected by trammel net from Hay, 1989 to October, 1990. Of 28 species identified, three resident species such as Sebastes inermis, Mexagrammos otakii and Hexagrammos agrammus predominated in abundance except fall. In fall, temporal species such as Stephanolepis cirrhifer and Thamnaconus modestes were dominated. The number of species and abundance did not show seasonal variation. Mean catch per unit effort was 1,938 g (11 individuals) with a 100 m net during one night, Analysis of size composition of dominant species revealed that most fish collected were composed mainly of large individuals (>20cm) whose ages were older than 3 years.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.44
• /
• pp.163-181
• /
• 2016

The 3D animation is the trend of more and more as the years go by. 2016 works "red soil" of the works through the analysis of the new changes, and also in the interest of those factors, which play an important role, how to performance in the appropriate way of expression. according to the focus of work in the process of modeling design of meaning and symbol and character, action and expression of the meaning of understanding and appreciation of the works, the meaning of double the fun.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.173-184
• /
• 2018

Geologic structures related to the latest event in the evolution around Gyeongsang Basin are mainly associated with the Yangsan Fault. In particular, the structures in the northern part of the Yangsan Fault are mainly observed in the region between Bogyeongsa Temple and Danguri. Such structures are also clustered in the vicinity of the Yangsan Fault, exhibiting similar geometric and kinematic patterns. In general, N-S and NE-SW trending fractures and tectonogeomorphic lineament are mainly eastward dipping reverse faults, such that the blocks in the east of the structures moved west or northwest. The reverse faults are segmented by NW trending fractures that accommodate strike-slip movements. The reverse faults and geomorphotectonic lineaments related to the latest event of deformation in the northern part of the Yangsan Fault show a westward convex patterns. We infer that these structures were initially normal faults that formed during a NW-SE extensional environment and were later reactivated during an E-W compressional one. Such a deformation pattern is also well developed around Pohang-Heunghae area based on the tectonogeomorphic analysis, which appears to be closely related to the Pohang Earthquake (15 Nov. 2017), and its development of the surface rupture and highly damaged zones.