• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.437-446
• /
• 2019

Reverse osmosis seawater desalination facilities can extend the cleaning cycle and replacement time of the reverse osmosis membrane by pretreatment process. Selection of pretreatment process depends on water quality. It was attempted in this study to select approriate pretreatment process for the Masan bay, which was high in particles and organic content. For this purpose, performances of pretreatment processes such as filter adsorber (FA), pore controllable fiber (PCF), and ultrafiltration (UF) were compared based on the silt density index (SDI). The SDI value of the filtrate should be less than 3. The study results showed that UF can produce the filtrate quality satisfying the requirement. However, the transmembrane pressure (TMP) of UF increased quickly, reaching 0.6 bar within 4 days. In order to secure stable operation, FA and PCF were combined with UF. The study results showed that combination of PCF and UF was able to extend the filtration duration (more than 2 months) until to reach TMP of 0.6 bar.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to show the application of the Biofilter for treatment of the soil contaminated by lead and to investigates the effect of the biofilter on the retardation of lead with pilotplants that were simulated with different media and the number of bed. and to testify the inoculation by seeding microbes. The ratio of the degradation of soil contaminant was verified as CODcr/TOC in order to find a variation of the stabilization index in soil. The Biofiltration was one of biological processing methods for treatment. The contaminants were transported through the biofilter that was filled with the media. The surface of media formed biofilm which was surrounded by microbes and through its boundary, some materials were exchanged and migrated into the cell of microbes in an orderly manner. To investigate the effect of the Biofiltration, contaminated soil with lead nitrate of 1000mg/kg in dry was made artificially. The tests were simulated such as compost, Bioceramic and compost with bioceramic by 7:3 in weight. The bed consisted of three layers in order to find effect of the number of bed. Aspergillus niger was used as a biosorbent could probe the effect on the retardation of lead.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.161-173
• /
• 2007

Membrane filtration processes are increasingly popular for drinking water treatment that requires high quality of water. Low pressure membrane(LPM) processes such as microfiltration(MF) and ultrafiltration(UF), however, are ineffective in the removal of dissolved organic matter and also membrane fouling is still an important issue to be resolved. High pressure membranes(HPMs) may guarantee better water quality, but at the high energy consumption. Thus, various approaches to combine LPM processes with other physicochemical methods have been recently made to achieve their efficiency to the level comparable to that of HPM processes. In this work, therefore, hybrid processes that coupled MF/UF with coagulation, adsorption, chemical reactions(e.g., chelation and oxidation) are reviewed regarding system design and performance and also membrane surface modifications conducted by grafting and polyelectrolyte multilayer formation were assessed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.313-317
• /
• 1995

Ion exchange process was optimized to purify ultrafiltrated bean cooking water(BCW) for the production of soy-oligosaccharides. The ultrafiltrated BCW with cutoff MW(COMW) 20,000 membrane was treated with various ion exchange resins. Protein and ash were mostly removed by anion and cation exchange resins, respectively. Based upon removing capabilities for ash and protein, a cation exchange resin(SK1B) and an anion exchange resin(WA30) were selected. Protein and ash were more efficiently removed at low extract/resin ratios(ERR), but part of the oligosaccharides were concomitantly lost. When 2-step-ultrafiltrated BCW first with COMW 20,000 membrane and successively with COMW 5,000 membrane was treated with a mixed resin(SK1B : WA30 =1 : 2) at ERR 5.0, most oligosaccharides were recovered in a clear protein- and ash-free liquid.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.184-191
• /
• 2007

Coal-, coconut- and wood-based activated carbons and anthracite were tested for an adsorption and biodegradation performances of nitrogenous chlorinated by-products such as chloropicrin, DCAN, DBAN and TCAN. In early stage of operations, an adsorption performance was a main mechanism for removal of nitrogenous chlorinated by-products, however as increasing populations of attached bacteria, the bacteria played a major role in removing nitrogenous chlorinated by-products in the activated carbon and anthracite biofilter. It was also investigated that the compounds were readily subjected to biodegrade. Whilst the coal- and coconut-based activated carbons were found most effective in adsorption of the compounds, the anthracite was worst in adsorption of the compounds. Highest populations and activity of attached bacteria were shown in the coal-based activated carbon. The populations and activity of attached bacteria decreased in the order: coconut-based activated carbon > wood-based activated carbon > anthracite. The attached bacteria were inhibited for removal of the compounds at temperatures below $10^{\circ}C$. The attached bacteria were more active at higher water temperatures$(20^{\circ}C\;<)$ but less active at love. water temperature$(10^{\circ}C\;>)$. The removal efficiencies of the compounds obtained using coal-, coconut- and wood-based activated carbons and anthracite were directly related to the water temperatures. In particular, water temperature was the most important factor for removal of the compounds in the anthracite biofilter because the removal of the compounds depended mainly on biodegradation. Therefore, the main removal mechanism of the compounds the main mechanism on the removal of the compounds using activated carbon was both adsorption and biodegradation by the attached bacteria. The observation suggests that using coal-based activated carbon is the best for removal of nitrogenous chlorinated by-products in the water treatment.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.98-103
• /
• 1994

A bed configuration wherein sheets of modified fibrous polyethylene are potted within a Millipore Filter Cartridge matrix has been developed. Polyethylene fibers form sturdy beds but the native hydrophobicity and inertness of polyethylene have precluded their use in protein chromatography The polyethylene fibers used in this system were modified by plasma oxidation and further derivatization. The resulting fibers are hydrophilic, bind protein reversibly and serve as an anion-exchange stationary phase. Separation of Bovine Serum Albumin on this bed, as well as results of basic studies on capacity and reversibility of binding within a fibrous bed and experimental data handling system are shown.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.130-132
• /
• 1998

정밀여과막(MF)막은 $0.1~1\mum$정도의 공경을 가지고 있는 막으로 산업이나 생활분야에서 널리 사용되고 있다. 이러한 정밀여과막에 이온교환기를 부여 시키므로써, 필요로하는 금속이온이나 단백질을 흡착할 수 있는 기능성 분리막이 제조 가능하다. 방사선프라프트 중합법은 고분자를 개질, 수식 또는 기능화시키는 수법으로 사용되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 방사선그라프트중합법을 사용하여 폴리에틸렌 정밀여과막에 에폭시기를 가지는 glycidyl methacrylate(GMA)를 그라프트 중합시킨 후 이온 교환기를 도입하여, 얻어진 막의 특성에 대해 고찰하였다. 본실험의 목적은 다음과 같다. (1) 폴리에틸렌 정밀여과 막에 방사선그라프트 중합법을 사용하여 이온교환기를 도입시키는 반응조건을 검토한다. (2) 도입된 이온교환기에 다른 막의 투과 성능을 조사한다. (3) 투과법에 의한 금속이온의 흡착성능을 조사한다. 여기서, 이온교환기로서는 술폰산(sodium sulfite:$SO_3H$)을 사용하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.131-140
• /
• 2019

This study used a packed column reactor and a horizontal flow mesh reactor to examine the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions using pine bark, a natural adsorbent prepared from Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora). Both equilibrium and nonequilibrium adsorption experiments were conducted on copper ion concentrations of 10mg/L, and the removals of copper ions at equilibrium were close to 95%. Adsorption of copper ions could be well described by both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The bark was treated with nitric acid to enhance efficiency of copper removal, and sorption capacity was improved by about 48% at equilibrium; mechanisms such as ion exchange and chelation may have been involved in the sorption process. A pseudo second-order kinetic model described the kinetic behavior of the copper ion adsorption onto the bark. Regeneration with nitric acid resulted in extended use of spent bark in the packed column. The horizontal flow mesh reactor allowed approximately 80% removal efficiency, demonstrating its operational flexibility and the potential for its practical use as a bark filter reactor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
• /
• 2000.05a
• /
• pp.227-228
• /
• 2000

광물미립자(50$\mu$ 이하)는 무한에 가까운 표면적을 가지고 있다. 이들 미립자가 사육수에 교질(膠質)상태(colloidal)로 현탁(懸濁)되어 그 표면에서 사육수에 존재하는 노폐물질들을 흡착, 분해하고, 포말분리장치를 통하여 사육시스템 밖으로 배출된다면 사육수 정화에 필요한 제 과정과 이에 따르는 시설을 단순화시킨 새로운 순환여과시스템이 가능하다는 가설 하에 넙치를 대상으로 하여 본 사육실험이 시도되었다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.185-186
• /
• 2003

막을 이용한 분리기술은 다양한 종류의 혼합물에서 원하는 물질을 분리 정제하는 기술로 여기에는 고-액, 액-액, 기-액분리가 모두 포함된다 현재까지 분리공정은 주로 여과, 증류, 추출, 흡착등 방법이 있으나 에너지소비가 많고, 설비투자비가 많이 들며 효율이 낮아 비경제적이라는 문제점을 가지고 있고 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 최근 주목받고 있는 기술이 막을 이용한 분리기술이다. 막을 이용한 분리기술의 장점은 앞서 언급한 바와 같이 에너지소비와 설비비를 최소화하면서도 고효율의 분리효과를 얻을 수 있다는 점에 있다. (중략)