• Title/Summary/Keyword: 휴면종료

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Initiation and Termination of Pupal Diapause in the Oriental Tobacco budworm (Heliothis assulta) (담배나방 (Heliothis assulta) 용휴면의 유기와 종료)

  • 부경생;신현철;한만위;이문홍
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.277-285
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    • 1990
  • Laboratory and field studies were conducted to investigate the initiation and termination factors for pupal diapause in the Oriental tabacco budworm, Heliothis assulta Guenee. Diapause induction was dependent of photoperiod and temperature experienced by 4th and 5th instar larve. One hundred percent of pupal diapause was obtained when larvae were grown at 10L/14D or shorter and $20^{\circ}C$. But at $25^{\circ}C$ the maximum rate of diapause was only about 85% at 8L/16D, the shortest photoperiod tested in this experiment. Adults, eggs or pupae did not respond to diapause-inducing environmental conditions. The critical photoperiod was 12-12.5 hr at $25^{\circ}C$and 14-14.5 hr at $20^{\circ}C$. In the field-collected sample 100% of diapuse rate was observed on Sept. 20 and thereafter in Suwon and middle part of Korea. Cold temperature treatment was not necessary in the termination of pupal diapause, but accelerated adult development.

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Effects of 20-hydroxyecdysoneon Adult Development of Diapausing Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea Drury) Pupae (휴면중인 미국흰불나방 번데기의 성충발육에 미치는 20-hyderoxyecdysone의 영향)

  • Seung Lyeol Gha;Kyung Saeng Boo
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.287-294
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    • 1995
  • Studies were carried out to elucidate the efficacy of exogeneous 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment on terminating pupal diapause in the fall webworm. Hyphantria cunea Drury. And the difference was also investigated between normal adult development and post-diapause development after 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment. In the diapause termination rate of pupae treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone after storage for various periods at 16L:8D and $25\pm$$1^{\circ}C$, at the highest rate was observed from the group stored for the longest period and the lowest rate from those stored for 1.5 months. The time needed for adult emergence was inversely proportional to the chilling (at $0\pm$$1^{\circ}C$) period, and the longer its exposure period at low temperature, the higher its sensitivity to 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment. Pupal diapause duration was almost the same, regardless of storage period in the total darkness or at the photoperiod of 16L:8D, and also they successfully emerged to adult even without any experience at low temperature. The oxygen consumption rate in normally developing pupae showed nearly a typical U-form. But, that of diapausing pupae treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone slowly increased and jumped 14 days after the treatment. Pupal diapause began before formation of adult tissues, an a timing of adult tissue formation coincided with ascending timing of the metabolic rate in both normally developing pupae and diapausing pupae treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone. The diapausing pupae treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone was similar to normally developing pupae in band patterns of proteins from haemolymph or fat body.

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Initiation and Termination of Pupal Diapause in the Fall Webworm, Huphantria cunea Drury (흰불나방(Hyphantria cunea D.) 용의 휴면 유기와 종료)

  • Choi, Mann-Yeon;Boo, Kyung-Saeng
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.26 no.3 s.72
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    • pp.139-144
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    • 1987
  • This study was carried out to investigate the incidence and termination of pupal diapause in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury. Larvae obtained from overwintered pupae were reared on Morus alba leaves at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ with the relative humidity of 60% or higher in a laboratory. The critical photoperiod for pupal diapause initiation is between 14hrs and 14hrs & 30 minutes at $25{\pm}10^{\circ}C$. The developmental period of larvae was shorter under longer photoperiod at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. In nature. diapause termination seems to begin in late December. The diapausing pupae did not emerge at all when they were transferred to a favorable environment before the time.

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Effect of Day Length and Temperature on the Diapause Termination of Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) Female Adults (톱다리개미허리노린재 암컷 성충의 휴면종료에 미치는 일장과 온도의 영향)

  • Huh, Wan;Son, Dae-Young;Park, Chung-Gyoo
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.115-121
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    • 2010
  • The bean bug, Riptortus clavatus Thunberg (Hemiptera: Alydidae), is a pest of soybeans and tree fruits. It enters reproductive diapause during winter. We studied the effect of different combinations of temperature, day length, and treatment period on the termination of diapause in R. clavatus using adult females collected in October and November 2006. Ovarian development was used to determine diapause termination. The treatments were: (1) HTLD; $25^{\circ}C$, 14L:10D treatment for 1, 2, 3 weeks and 30 days, (2) HTSD; $25^{\circ}C$, 10L:14D treatment for 1, 2, and 3 weeks, (3) LTLD; $8^{\circ}C$, 14L:10D treatment for 1, 2, and 3 weeks followed by HTLD for 3 weeks, and (4) LTSD; $8^{\circ}C$, 10L:14D treatment for 1, 2, and 3 weeks followed by HTLD for 3 weeks. The HTSD treatments did not affect ovarian development, and resulted in no significant difference in the number of mature eggs in ovaries or the percentage of diapause-terminated females compared to the control females before treatment. The percentage of females that terminated diapause was significantly higher in the HTLD treatment than in the HTSD treatment. The HTLD treatment for more than 14 days increased the percentage of diapause-terminated females, accelerated the development of the ovaries, and increased the number of mature eggs in ovaries. Compared with the HTLD or HTSD treatments, the LTLD or LTSD treatments followed by the HTLD treatment accelerated ovarian development and increased the number of ovipositing females. The pre-LTSD treatment for 1 week was enough to increase the number of eggs oviposited.

Overwintering Ecology of the Peach Pyralid Moth, Dichocrosis punctiferalis in Southern Regions of Korea (남부지방에서 복숭아명나방 Dichocrosis punctiferalis의 월동생태)

  • Kang, Chang-Heon;Lee, Sang-Myeong;Chung, Yeong-Jin;Choi, Kwang-Sik;Park, Chung-Gyoc
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.43 no.3 s.136
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    • pp.201-209
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    • 2004
  • Overwintering ecology of the peach pyralid moth, Dichocrosis punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was studied in laboratory and in a chestnut orchard in 2001/2002 winter and 2003 spring. All twenty-four female and fourteen male moths were fruit-feeding type which were emerged from the larvae collected at the same chestnut orchard in 2003 winter. Periodical thermal treatment of overwintering larvae at $25^{\circ}C$ revealed that diapause termination of the larval population started from the end of January and was completed until April 20 in southern region of Korea. Pupation of diapause-terminated larvae started from early May and reached to $100\%$ at June 3 in chestnut orchard. Days to pupation of female larvae after diapause termination were 12.5, 8.9, and 7.5 at $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Those of male larvae were similar to those of females. Pupal periods of female were 14.7, 11.8, and 9.0 days at the three temperatures. Moths of the overwintered generation emerged from May 20 to June 28, and reached to $50\%$ emergence on June 8 to 9 under emergence cage. Attraction of the male moths of overwintered generation to sex pheromone traps showed that the date of $50\%$ catches to the traps were June 17, when data from 3 southern regions of Korea were pooled.

Studies on the Developments of the Overwintering Peach Fruit Moth, Carposina niponensis Walsingham (복숭아심식나방 월동유충의 발육에 관한 연구)

  • Lee S.W.;Hyun J.S.;Park J.S.
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.23 no.1 s.58
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 1984
  • The developments of overwintering larvae of the peach fruit moth, Carposina niponensis Walsingham, were studied in Suweon. Among fully grown larvae leaving from apple fruit, the earliest diapause larva was observed late July, about $50\%-diapause$ in middle August and $100\%-diapause$ in early September. Induction of the diapause seemed to have relationships with the time of oviposition: the incidents of the diapause started with the larvae grown from the eggs which had been laid in late June or late July depending on the prevailing weather condition. The termination of the diapause seemed to be in early December, and almost all of the larvae incubated after January were pupated. For the breakage of the diapause, it required chilling period more than one month, and the most effective temperature seemed to be $5\~10^{\circ}C$, while the temperature lower than $0^{\circ}C$ seemed to be inhibitory, if not at all. The overwintered larvae started to pupate in middle May, and the developments of the over-wintered larvae were affected by the temperature as well as the moisture contents of soil in the spring. The dry condition of soil increased the mortality of the developing larvae.

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Fall panicum 식생의 발달과 이탈리안 - FP조합의 조사료 생산력

  • 임근발;김영진;한학석;성병렬;김준식
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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    • 1999.06a
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    • pp.85.1-85
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    • 1999
  • 옥수수/호밀 작부조합의 다년간 연작지에 C4형 난지형 목초 FP식생이 종축개량부 조사료 생산 포장에 다량 발생되어 있음을 확인하고 이 식생을 이탈리안과 결합, 작부를 구성하고 이를 저투입 지속적 조사료 생산에 활용하고자 하였다. 1. 성환지방에서 FP의 생태는 종자휴면기 및 휴면타파기 그리고 출아가능기, 경엽생산기로 구분되었고 경엽생산은 10월 말에 종료되는 것으로 나타났다.(중략)

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Effects of Photoperiod and Temperature on the Summer Diapause of the Dark Grey Cutworm, Agrotis tokionis Butler (숫검은밤나방(Agrotis tokionis Butler)유충의 하면에 미치는 온도와 광주기의 영향)

  • 김상석;현재선;부경생
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.123-131
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    • 1990
  • To elucidate the role of tow environmental factors, temperatures and photoperiod, in diapause induction and development of the dark grey cutworm, Agrotis tokionis B., field and laboratory experiments were implemented. As larvae entered diapause later, the diapause duration became shorter resulting in the synchronization of pupation of the test population. The summer diapause of this insect was assumed to be obligatory because every mature larvae had to experience summer dormant period at all experimental conditions of temperature and photoperiod. It was suggested that the diapause stage could be divided into two different phases in relation to temperature reaction. as the temperatures examined, the duration of diapause was shortened by higher temperature in the early phase, while it was shortened by lower temperature in the late phase. Th diapause period was the shortest under short-day condition (LD 8:16)

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Effect of Day Length and Temperature on the Diapause Termination of Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) Male Adults (일장과 온도 처리가 톱다리개미허리노린재 수컷 성충의 휴면종료에 미치는 영향)

  • Huh, Wan;Park, Chung-Gyoo
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.205-210
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    • 2010
  • The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris (=clavatus) Fabricius (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is a serious pest of soybean in many countries. It enters a reproductive diapause in the winter by short day length (<13.5 h.) in Korea and Japan. The combined effects of temperatures ($25^{\circ}C$ and $8^{\circ}C$) and day lengths (10L:14D and 14L:10D) upon the termination of the male's diapause were studied. The combinations are (1) HTLD = $25^{\circ}C$, 14L:10D treatment for 1, 2, 3 weeks and 30 days; (2) HTSD = $25^{\circ}C$, 10L:14D treatment for 1, 2, and 3 weeks; (3) LTLD$\rightarrow$HTLD = $8^{\circ}C$, 14L:10D treatment for 1, 2, and 3 weeks followed by HTLD treatment; (4) LTSD$\rightarrow$HTLD = $8^{\circ}C$, 10L:14D treatment for 1, 2, and 3 weeks followed by HTLD. The amount of aggregation pheromone components secreted was adopted as the criteria for diapause termination in males. Males did not secrete aggregation pheromone under HTSD conditions. However, the males treated with HTLD for more than 21 days secreted significantly higher amounts of aggregation components, (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate and (E)-2-hexenyl (E)-2-hexenoate, compared to the control or HTSD treatments. The three components of the aggregation pheromone were secreted by the 14%, 29%, and 100% males treated with HTLD for 7 days, respectively. However more than 83% of the HTLD-treated males secreted all three components by the $30^{th}$ day under the treatment. In comparison, the pheromone amounts secreted by the males treated with LTLD$\rightarrow$HTLD or LTSD$\rightarrow$HTLD were equal or less than those secreted by males with continuous HTLD treatment.

ROOT CHILLING DORMANCY REQUIREMENTS FOR AMERICAN GINSENG (PANAX QUINQUEFOLIUM L) (미국 인삼근의 저온 휴면 요구도)

  • Konsler T.R.
    • Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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    • 1984.09a
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    • pp.49-55
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    • 1984
  • Dormant one-year-old ginseng roots were subjected to a range of stratification temperatures and time to define effective limits to these parameters and to quantify their effect on terminating dormancy. Effective storage temperatures tested ranged from $0^{\circ}C\;to\;9^{\circ}C.$ A low percentage of roots produced tops with as few as 30 days in stratification; however, 75 to 90 days were required for 100 percent emergence. Days to emergence, after planting, decreased with increased days in storage thru the maximum storage time of 120 days. The number of days of dormancy was relatively constant, near 126.5 days, over the range of effective temperatures and acceptable storage times. The minimum period of dormancy was associated with 75 days in storage at $3^{\circ}C.$ Root growth rate, after emergence, was greatest following 105 days of stratification. The frequency distribution of emergence with days in stratification suggests the potential of selecting for strains of ginseng with low chilling needs for satisfying dormancy requirements.

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