• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.74-90
• /
• 2001

Serious depopulation has occurred since the rapid economic growth after $1965{\sim}1995$. As a result, nowadays most of mountain villages face difficulty in maintaining and managing their settlement, because of the elderly population and the extremely small size of the settlement. Population change is understood as the origin of depopulation problems and the criterion for the depopulation. This study aims to identify the problems of over-depopulation in rural Korea and to classify the patterns and process of follow and to provide policy alternatives. It consists with the three parts : identifying the problems of over- depopulation, classifying the socio-economic factors of fallow land, analyzing a detailed case study of follow land in over-depopulation rural area-Sangju Gun and to provide policy alternatives. The results are summarizes as follows: 1) In the study area, the amount of fallow and abandoned cultivated land has increased since 1975. With the increased urbanization, the cause of the increase in fallow and abandoned cultivated-land is the labor shortage of quantity and quality. The underlying reasons for the abandonment of farmland are poor field conditions and the lack of rented farmland. 2) The secondary cause is a relative labor shortage through specialization into intensive horticulture. In the study area, specialization into pear requires intensive labor input. It has caused a relative labor shortage. 3) The third causes are landowner and the lack of rented farmland due to labor shortage. The declining of agriculture and forestry have caused out-migration and increased non-residents' landowner. 4) The fallow patterns are devided into two types the less favored farmland fallow type, non-residents' landowner(out-migrator) fallow type. The significant causes of the increase in fallow and abandoned cultivated land are the labor shortage, intensive farming, less favored farmland conditions, non-residents' landowner. The factors which caused the follow processes in Korea are socio-economic factors (labor shortage, intensive farming, less favored farmland conditions) and cultural factor(non-residents' landowner, psychological ties between rural areas and urban areas).

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.405-411
• /
• 2010

The phytosociological study was carried out to investigate the structural characteristics of fallow paddy vegetation in Korea. The vegetation data of total 22 relev$\'{e}$s were analyzed by the Zurich-Montpellier school's method. Six syntaxa (1 subassociations and 5 communities) of fallow paddy were recognized: Polygonetosum thunbergii typicum subass. nov. hoc., Aneilema keisak community, Juncus effusus var. decipiens community, Phragmites commuis community, Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea community, Typha orientalis community of Polygonetum thunbergii Lohm. et Miyawaki 1962. Detrended correspondence analysis showed that Aneilema keisak community and Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea community were negatively correlated with soil total nitrogen. Polygonetosum thunbergii typicum subass. nov. hoc. and Phragmites commuis community was distributed in the soil with low pH.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.386-396
• /
• 2018

Cropland is sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$). However, the contribution of the fallow season to emission of these gases has rarely been determined. In this study, a field experiment encompassing three treatments was conducted to determine efflux of $N_2O$ and $CO_2$ in cropland during fallow season. The treatments were hairy vetch (H.V.), rye and control (Con.). The H.V. and rye were sown in middle October and early November, respectively. The soil $N_2O$ efflux among all three treatments in the fallow season (November-April) were $0.014-2.956mg\;N_2O\;m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$. The cumulative $N_2O$ emissions were $104.4mg\;N_2O\;m^{-2}$ for Con., $85.8mg\;N_2O\;m^{-2}$ for H.V. and $85.0mg\;N_2O\;m^{-2}$ for Rye during the fallow season. The highest $N_2O$ emissions occurred in Con., while H.V. and Rye emissions were similar. Cumulative $CO_2$ emissions were $293.1g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}$ for Con., $242.2g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}$ for H.V., $275.2g\;CO_2\;m^{-2}$ for Rye during fallow season. This study showed that soil $N_2O$ and $CO_2$ average daily emission during fallow season were 28.3% and 27.4%, respectively of the growing season. Our results indicate that $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ emissions from agricultural systems continue throughout the fallow season.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.331-344
• /
• 2022

This study analyzed the characteristics of the soil and hydrological environment of abandoned paddy wetlands examined the changes in land cover type in the ecological affect area, analyzed the environmental factors of abandoned paddy wetlands, and examined the changes in land cover type in the ecological impact area. The ecological environment characteristics of the reference abandoned paddy wetlands were investigated through literature research, environmental spatial information service, and preliminary exploration of the abandoned paddy wetlands, and the basic data for the restoration of abandoned paddy wetlands ware provided by examining the changes in land cover type in the ecological impact area for 40 years. Through this study, it will be possible to manage the rapidly increasing number of abandoned farmland to be converted into wetlands so that it can perform functions equivalent to or greater than that of natural wetlands. In particular, as we checked the clues that abandoned paddy wetlands could spread to surrounding ecological influences through land cover changes, the study sites are highly likely to be reference wetlands, and if the topography, soil, water circulation system, and carbon reduction performance are analyzed carefully, it will be possible to standardize the development process. In addition, through the change in land cover, clues were confirmed that the abandoned paddy wetlands could spread to the surrounding ecological affect areas. The land cover type in the ecological impact area, forests was mainly distributed, but generally decreased rapidly in the last 10-20 years, and forests were changing from coniferous forests to broad-leaved forests, mixed forests, or grassland. It has not yet been fully called to the wetland, and it is found that it has maintained the form of barren or grassland, and as can be seen in the case of natural wetlands after more than 30 years after abandoned, it is expected that the transition will gradually proceed to wetlands that are structurally and functionally similar to natural wetlands.