• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.634-644
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• 2021

Despite the increased social demand for strengthening the punishment for ghost surgery in Korea, the governmental management is very passive compared to other offenses of medical law, and the punishment for ghost surgery is insufficient, so that medical malpractices are continuously occurring. A plastic surgeon who posted the names of clinics performing ghost surgery and the number of deaths on the internet bulletin board, was charged with the violation of the Information Telecommunication Act(defamation). Thus, this study aimed to present the legal/institutional issues and implications of defamation by the release of ghost surgery, by initially examining the charged case after posting the contents showing the death of patients by ghost surgery in clinics on the internet bulletin board. This study aimed to understand how strictly the court approached the ghost surgery in the aspect of public interest, and also to understand the judgment standard of punishment for defamation by investigating the publicly alleging facts and public interest by the disclosure of ghost surgery. Moreover, this study aims to provide the basic data necessary for guaranteeing the national health right by arousing attention to ghost surgery.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.14-28
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• 2001

This study is to discuss the problems due to the maldevelopment occurred at the reserved areas of natural environments of the Ulleung Island, Gyeongsangbuk-do province, and it also suggests the ways of solving them The types of the maldevelopment practiced on the Ulleung Island consist of the change of land use, the opening of a round road, the destruction of mountains for the construction of harbor, the development of tourist areas, and the construction of military facilities. The decreased habitat of animals and the pollution of drinking water are occurred by the change of land use. The destruction of ecological system is due to the opening of a round road. The damage of natural landscape and the change of ocean eco-system is closely related to the construction of harbor and the destruction of mountains. Finally, the damage of rare plants and the pollution of drinking water are due to the development of tourist areas and the construction of military facilities. In the followings, the ways of solving the problems occurred by the various types of maldevelopment are suggested. First, the planning of pro-environmental development has to be established and practiced to preserve rare plants which are damaged due to the change of land use. Second, the destruction of natural landscape and resources has to be minimized by the implementation of environmental impact assesment when road and harbor are constructed. Third, the stones needed for the development of islands ought to be imported from mainland. Fourth, the established tourist areas are needed to rationally manage and the potential tourist areas has to be transferred to the reserved areas of natural environments. Fifth, military facilities should be constructed though the cooperation of autonomous local government. Finally, government officers' and residents' conscience of protecting and reserving natural environments is needed, and government has to give residents financial supports.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.449-455
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• 2022

The Colony of Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring in Sanyang-myeon, Mungyeong-si, can be divided into five types, and in the past, it was said that Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring formed colonies throughout the colony and grew naturally, but now it remains only in some sections. It was found that the Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring colony was damaged by artificial and natural factors, and as an artificial factor, the Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring was proven to be effective for medicinal and cremation, and many people were damaging the Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring colony without permission. Naturally, vines thrive and Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring die, and the reality is that the entire colony of Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring is in danger of being damaged if maintenance is not performed. On the other hand, there are sections that reproduce with symbiosis with some herbaceous plants, so it is necessary to plan and implement conservation strategies. In order to preserve the Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Spring colony, CCTV is needed to prevent artificial damage, and on the contrary, install facilities such as fences can easily burn up and create worse scenery, so it can preserve the good environment, restore recoverable areas, and install supplementary buffer zones.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2008

Pull-out resistance tests of root were carried out for 7 shrub species which are mainly used greening of deteriorated forest slope. Mean pull-out resistance forces of Aralia elata, Salix koreensis and Stephanandra incisa were 37.26 kgf, 34.56 kgf and 26.00 kgf, respectively. The pull-out resistances were high as collar diameter and volume of the root increased. Correlations between root collar diameter and root volume were high in Rubus crataegifolius, but on the other hand, the correlation was lowest in Zanthoxylum schinifolium. There were significant differences in pull-out resistance by root collar diameters, and the difference of pull-out resistance by species showed only below 20 ml root volume.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2004

The Chungung-dong 5-storied pagoda (Treasure No. 12) in the nnm, Korea was studied on the basis of petrological weathering and deterioration diagnosis. Frontal part of the pagoda is looked out on the N30$^{\circ}$W. Constitution rocks of this pagoda show augen gneiss and biotite granite. Host rock of the pagoda was highly exfoliation and discoloration, therefore most rock-forming minerals were altered to the clay minerals due to the mineralogical and chemical weathering. Open cavity and rock surface occur partly green and black patchs because of contamination by algae, lichen and moss, and the lower part of the pagoda is transition to the some weeds. This biological problems are need for cleaning and chemical treatments. For the structural stability, the pagoda is rebuilt without open gap between the each rock materials. All iron plates eliminate from the difference gap of the rock materials, and properly conservation treatments need to be repaired petro-filler for stone cultural properties and water curtain for the humidity attenuation of the ground.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.58-58
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• 2022

본 연구는 국내 6곳의 풍혈의 기능과 식물분포를 통하여 풍혈의 보전대책과 관리방안을 위한 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 진행하였다. 조사는 홍천 방내리, 정선 여탄리, 정선 운치리, 연천 동막리, 제천 금수산, 보은 구병산에 위치하는 풍혈 6곳을 선정하였고 풍혈에 기상측정장비를 설치하여 2021년 3월부터 2022년 3월까지 온도와 습도의 미기상요인을 측정하였다. 풍혈이 위치하는 지역의 미기상요인은 기상청 자료를 활용하였고 측정된 풍혈의 미기상요인과 비교 분석하였으며, 관속식물상은 계절별로 진행하여 각 풍혈에 서식하는 희귀식물과 북방계식물, 기후변화 취약식물을 분석하였다. 풍혈 6곳의 미기상요인 분석결과 온도는 보은 구병산 풍혈을 제외한 5곳의 풍혈은 여름철 냉혈의 기능을 나타냈고, 보은 구병산 풍혈은 겨울철 온혈의 기능을 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 습도는 6곳 모두 주변 지역보다 높게 나타났다. 멸종위기종 2급은 백부자, 산작약, 연잎꿩의다리 3분류군, 희귀식물은 산개나리, 월귤 등 23분류군, 북방계식물은 과남풀, 꽃개회나무 등 129분류군, 기후변화취약식물은 검종덩굴, 도깨비부채 등 23분류군으로 확인되었다. 풍혈은 기후변화 취약식물의 피난처로서 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났으나 산림유전자원보호구역으로 지정된 홍천 방내리 풍혈을 제외한 나머지 풍혈은 관리가 미흡하다. 정선 여탄리 풍혈은 인근 도로에서의 외래식물의 유입, 정선 운치리 풍혈은 인근의 양봉장과 관광객 등의 인간활동에 의한 훼손, 연천 동막리 풍혈은 인근 경작지 등의 사유지로 인한 관리의 어려움, 제천 금수산 풍혈은 관광지화로 인한 훼손, 보은 구병산 풍혈은 등산객의 답압으로 인한 훼손이 진행되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 풍혈과 희귀 및 기후변화 취약식물들의 정기적인 모니터링과 풍혈 주변의 팬스 설치 등의 적극적인 보전방안이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.135-153
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• 2021

The demilitarized zone (DMZ) is a border barrier with 248 kilometers in length and about 4 kilometers in width crossing east to west to divide the Korean Peninsula about in half. The boundary at 2 kilometers to the south is called the southern limit line. The DMZ has formed a unique ecosystem through a natural ecological succession after the Armistice Agreement and has high conservation value. However, the use of facilities for the military operation and the unchecked weeding often damage the areas in the vicinities of the southern limit line's iron-railing. This study aimed to prepare basic data for the restoration of damaged barren vegetation. As a result of classifying vegetation communities based on indicator species, 10 communities were identified as follows: Duchesnea indica Community, Hosta longipes Community, Sedum kamtschaticum-Sedum sarmentosum Community, Potentilla anemonefolia Community, Potentilla fragarioides var. major Community, Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina Community, Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum-Carex lanceolata Community, Dendranthema zawadskii Community, Plantago asiatica-Trifolium repens Community, and Ixeris stolonifera-Kummerowia striata Community. Highly adaptable species can characterize vegetation in barren areas to environment disturbances because artificial disturbances such as soil erosion, soil compaction, topography change, and forest fires caused by military activities frequently occur in the barren areas within the southern limit line. Most of the dominant species in the communities are composed of plants that are commonly found in the roads, roadsides, bare soil, damaged areas, and grasslands throughout South Korea. Currently, the vegetation in barren areas in the vicinities of the DMZ is in the early ecological succession form that develops from bare soil to herbaceous vegetation. Since dominant species distributed in barren land can grow naturally without special maintenance and management, the data can be useful for future restoration material development or species selection.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-50
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• 2005

This study estimates the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for avoiding the destruction of a first-grade ecological area by means of contingent valuation method. Specifically, we employ the dichotomous choice technique along with the follow-up questionnaires. Our analysis implies the yearly WTP per household for avoiding the destruction of the ecological area of 100,000 pyongs is 8,898 won with the 95% confidence interval of 6,611~11,976 won. We estimate the asset value of that area to be 1,707 billion won with the 95% confidence interval of 1,269 to 2,298 billion won. We also decompose the total value of the area into the value of direct (22%) and indirect (38.8%) use, the option value (19.9%) and the conservation value (21.3%). Although using these data for SEEA (the system of integrated environmental economic accounting) is bound by certain restrictions, one could employ our empirical findings as advisory information for decision making in the process of prior environmental review or for assessing the environmental impact.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02b
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• pp.163.2-163.2
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.92-94
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• 2009