• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2016

Applications of drone in various fields have been increasing in recent years. Drone has great potential for forest management. Therefore this paper is using drone for forest damage areas. Forest damage areas is divided into caused by anthropogenic and occurs naturally, the possibility of disasters, such as slope sliding, slope failures and landslides, sediment runoff exists. Therefore, this research was to utilize the drone photogrammetry to perform the damage analysis of forest damage areas. Geometrical treatment processing results in Drone Photogrammetry, the plane position error RMSE was ${\pm}0.034m$, the elevation error RMSE was ${\pm}0.017m$. The plane position error of orthophoto RMSE was ${\pm}0.083m$, the elevation error of digital elevation model RMSE was ${\pm}0.085m$. In addition, It was possible to current state analysis of damage in forest damage areas of airborne LiDAR data of before forest damage and drone photogrammetry data of after forest damage. and application of drone photogrammetry for production base data for restoration and design in forest damage areas.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.465-474
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• 2004

Due to the rapid increase of human population and economic development, the natural ecosystem has been severely degraded. To restore the degraded ecosystem is extremely urgent and an important task in China. High biodiversity status in the natural ecosystem in tropical and subtropical regions in China has given high attention to the conservationists. The recent trends to the ecological restoration on degraded ecosystem in the tropical and subtropical regions of China were discussed for four different ecological recovery types: watershed ecosystems, wetlands, mining wastelands and mountain forests. The successful restoration case studies in tropical and subtropical regions of China were also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.923-928
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical properties of different types of topsoil in forest ecosystems by damage pattern and analyse the possibility of using the topsoil as a planting ground construction material. There were 72 samples from 36 sites of 12 damaged areas and 36 sites of 12 non-damaged areas. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of topsoil from non-damaged areas of forest ecosystems were on an average clay loam~sandy loam in soil texture, showing $0.95{\sim}1.10Mg/m^3$ in soil bulk density, $35.7{\sim}44.0m^3/m^3$ in solid phase, 56.0~64.3 in soil porosity, 8.4~35.8% in aggregate stability, 5~13 mm in soil hardness, 5.3~6.1 in pH, 0.14~0.65 dS/m in EC, 0.28~0.42% in T-N, $14{\sim}22cmol^+/kg$ in CEC, $0.15{\sim}0.31cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $K^+$, $2.07{\sim}2.84cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Ca^{2+}$, $0.45{\sim}1.97cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Mg^{2+}$, 17~96 mg/kg in Av. $P_2O_5$ and 3.2~5.6% in OM. On the other hand, damaged areas were on an average clay loam~loamy sand in soil texture, showing $1.54{\sim}1.75Mg/m^3$ in soil bulk density, $52.8{\sim}58.0m^3/m^3$ in solid phase, 42.0~47.2 in soil porosity, 4.2~22.5% in aggregate stability, 13~25 mm in soil hardness, 4.8~5.5 in pH, 0.13~0.62 dS/m in EC, 0.02~0.12% in T-N, $5{\sim}15cmol^+/kg$ in CEC, $0.11{\sim}0.18cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $K^+$, $0.45{\sim}2.36cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Ca^{2+}$, $0.39{\sim}0.96cmol^+/kg$ in Ex. $Mg^{2+}$, 15~257 mg/kg in Av. $P_2O_5$ and 0.4~2.2% in OM. After conducting a comparison of physicochemical characteristics of non-damaged forest area and damaged areas, it was found that the physicochemical characteristics of damaged areas were more deteriorated compared to that of non-damaged areas. Therefore, it is judged that it is necessary to establish countermeasures for the conservation and management of the damaged areas for topsoil recycling in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 1992

Visitor's impact on environmental deterioration of and around trail was studied in Hallasan National Park, Korea in 1990. Width of tread and width of bareland beside trail were correlative positively to user's density, negatively to height of vegetation and slope, respectively. Depth of tread was correlative highly to width of tread and width of bareland beside trail. Areal deterioration by visitors almost took place on subalpine zone. Total damaged area was kestimated to be 121, 000$m^2$ and the damaged area more severe than impact rating class 4 reached about 72.000$m^2$, respectively. Ten types of deterioration of and around trail were discovered and total volume of erosion to be recovered was estimated to be about 62.000$m^2$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.125-125
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• 2018

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.3
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• pp.315-320
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• 2016

This study was carried out to establish a management plan for urban forest trails with analysis of trail damage types and soil physicochemical properties on 3 urban forest parks in Jinju, Gyeongnam-do. We found that soil hardness was significantly higher in forest trails than forest area at 0 cm and 5 cm at a significance level of 0.05. However, we could not find any significant differences for other soil properties. For the trail damage types, the most common types were as follows: trail expansion (66%), trail erosion (59%), side road (57%), and trail boundary erosion and root exposure (41%). The results showed no difference in most of these types between the trails and forest area, indicating that the forest area might be damaged as well as the trails. Priority should be given to prepare measures that prevent soil compaction from overcrowded hikers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.416-416
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• 2023

전 국토의 산지 비율이 높은 우리나라는 산림지의 특성이 수질에도 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 산림지역의 화재에 있어 산림이 갖는 수질, 토성의 변화와 발생한 연소 퇴적물, 유기물로 인해 수자원에도 악영향을 끼치게 된다. 산불은 단순한 산림지의 자원 유실뿐만 아니라 토양층의 물리적약화와 강수저류 효과를 떨어뜨려, 산불 후 유출의 증가를 보인다. 삼척시의 산불 선행연구에 따르면, 산불 발생 직후, 지역의 직접 유출이 기저 유출보다 높게 나타났다. 이에 따라, 모든 수질인자의 평균 농도는 비발생지역에 비해 발생 지역의 농도가 현저하게 증가하였으며, 이 중 T-N, T-P, SS의 농도가 특히 크게 나타났다. 또한, 계류 수질의 경시적 변화를 분석한 결과, BOD와 COD는 산불 발생 최소 4개월의 기간을 거친 후 점차 안정화하는 모습을 보였다. 다만, 산불로 인해 훼손된 물 환경의 상황을 복구하고자 하는 연구의 데이터가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 2022년 4월 산불이 발생한 강원도 양구군 양구읍 송청리 비봉산 일대의 산불 유역을 대상으로 산불에 따른 물 환경의 변화를 밝힘으로써 산불로 훼손된 지역의 효과적인 수질 회복과 물 환경 보전 대책 수립을 위한 자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 2023년 4월 양구 비봉산의 산불 복구 작업이 본격적으로 시작되는데 복구 전 현재 수질의 상황을 살펴봤다. 조사 지역은 비봉산 일대의 산불 지역과 비발생 지역, 오봉산 일대까지의 유역 출구 총 7개의 지점을 선정하였다. 기본 수질항목은 현장에서 YSI PROPLUS (Mobile Multi Sensor Meter)를 이용하여 측정하였고 채취한 시료는 무균 채수 병에 담아 실험실로 운반하여 SS (Suspended Solids), TP(Total Phosphorus), TOC (Total Organic Carbon) 항목에 대해 수질오염공정시험기준에 의거하여 분석하였다. SS, TOC, t-p의 경우, 지정학적 특성, 산불에 의한 퇴적물들의 변화와 토양의 형태 및 식생의 변화로 인한 결과의 차이를 보였다. 1년이 지난 지금 산불 직후처럼 높은 수치는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 아직 복구 작업이 제대로 진행되지 않아 그 영향에 대해 무시할 정도로 안정화되지 않았다. 본 연구는 산불 발생 후 강우 및 토사유출에 대한 비 산불 지역과의 차이를 살펴봄으로써 수질 오염원으로 작용할 수 있는 가능성을 기초자료로 제공될 것이다. 또한, 수처리 기술개발을 포함한 예방책을 만들어 내는데, 기초자료로 활용할 수 있길 바란다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.718-734
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• 2012

This study investigates the interference of politics of regional cleavage in the redistricting for national assembly election and its effects on gerrymandering and malapportionment. Since the Constitutional Assembly election, the argument about gerrymandering and malapportionment continues and the single-member election district with simple plurality system in Korea has aggravated the problem of cleavage and unfairness. Especially, redistrictings for national assembly election in 2008 and 2012 are suspected of gerrymandering by Saenuri party and Democratic United party. Yeongnam region where Saenuri party is dominant and Honam region where Democratic United party is, are over-represented compared to population, while the districts in Gyeonggi-do are under-represented and the need for increasing the number of districts has been ignored. These redistrictings might come from unfair and collusive interference of politics of regional cleavage, and consequently malapportionment has been brought about.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.41-47
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• 2005

본 연구는 속리산국립?공원에 위치하고 있는 낙영산탐방로에 대하여 탐방로 관리와 공원관리에의 기초적인 자료제시를 목적으로 낙영산 탐방로 3곳에 대한 통행량 조사와 탐방로에 대한 훼손존사를 실시하였으며 이에 대한 결과로서 낙영산을 찾는 등산객은 대부분 공림사를 통해서 낙영산정상을 경유 매표소로 내려오는 비정규 탐방로를 이용하여 있었으며, 이를 분석해본 결과 주차장문제와 탐방객극 인식과 홍보 부족인 것으로 나타났다. 공림사$\~$낙영산구간에 대한 훼손이 대단히 심각한 상태이며 뿌리노출이 가장 흔한 훼손의 유형으로 나타났다. 낙영산탐방로의 평균 나지폭은 2.6m이며, 평균최대침식깊이는 1.25m이며 종속변수인 침식에 대한 각 요인별 회귀분석결과 경도에 대해서는 음의 상관관계를 입장객과 물매와는 양의 상관관계나 나타났다. 이는 탐방객의 홍보를 통한 인식의 변화와 탐방객의 입장에서의 적절한 탐방로의 지정과 출입통제와 현재 훼손된 지역에 대한 노면정비와 훼손지복구를 실시해야 한다는 것을 의미한다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1998

Three major trails of campus forest in Chungnam National University were selected to investigate the use impacts on environmental deterioration of trail according to the different amount of use. Rook-exposed, root-exposed, deepening, widening, diverged points as the deterioration types of trail which were surveyed at total of 92 points in major trail of campus forest in Chungnam National University. Major deterioration types of trail were widening, rock-exposure, root-exposure, in order of frequency. And trail conditions (trail slope and maximum depth) of deteriorated points were significantly different from those of non-deteriorated points.