• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.453-458
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• 2016

'Jonathan' apples are relatively small size which contributes to enhancing fruit consumption and gaining popularity. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of AVG (aminoethoxyvinylglycine, ReTain$^{(R)}$), sprayable 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene, Harvista$^{TM}$), and fumigation 1-MCP (SmartFresh$^{TM}$) applications on fruit quality attributes and storability in 'Jonathan' apple fruits during cold-stored. The Jonathan fruits were dipped with either ReTain (75 mg/L) or Harvista (125 mg/L) solutions for 5 min, or fumigated with SmartFresh (1 mg/L) for 18 hr before storage at $0{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 75 days. Flesh firmness and titratable acidity remained higher in all pre-treated apples than control ones during cold storage period. Flesh firmness was higher for apples treated with ReTain and SmartFresh than samples treated with Harvista, while soluble solid content and respiration rate were not affected by sample pretreatment. Internal ethylene concentration (IEC) of all pretreated apples remained below about $4.5{\mu}L/L$ during the entire storage period while that of control sample greatly increased to $10.29{\mu}L/L$. Ethylene production was much higher in control fruits than in treated ones during cold storage. These results indicated that ReTain and 1-MCP treatments would be considerably effective in retention of fruit quality attributes of 'Jonathan' apple during cold-stored.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.283-287
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• 1986

E.O. and gamma irradiation treatment on the sterilization of ground samples of 5 different types of spices(red and black pepper, onion, garlic and ginger) were investigated. Populations of mesophilic bacteria, mesophilic spores, acid tolerant bacteria and fungi in various samples were $10^4-10^6/g,\;10^3-10^5/g,\;10^3-10^5/g\;and\;10^3-10^4/g$, respectively. Coliforms and osmophilic molds were found only in red and black pepper as $10^3-10^4/g$. A radiation dose of 5 to 7 kGy proved sufficient to redure the viable cell count of the total bacteria and fungi to the level of $10^3/g$ and they were sterilized completely by radiation dose of 10 kGy or more. Coliforms, mesophilic spores and acid tolerant bacteria were sterilized at 5,7 and 10 kGy, respectively. In the mean time $D_{10}$ values of each spices ranged from 1.38 to 2.88 kGy. Comparison of E.O. and gamma irradiation treatment showed that E.O. treatment was less effective than radiation in controlling microbial contamination in spices.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2017

Heart contraction is essential for insect hemolymph circulation, in which various physiological changes need control of the heart contraction. Thus, interruption of heartbeats intimidate insect survival. Chlorine dioxide induces release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has been regarded as the main insecticidal agent. This study analyzed the effect of chlorine dioxide on heartbeats of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella. The larvae have the dorsal vessel on the medial dorsal region in a form of an extending tube from the first thorax to 10th abdominal segment. Dorsal vessel contraction was noticeable between 3rd and 10th abdominal segments, where five heart chambers were observed. Average heartbeat rate was 118.6 beats per min at $25^{\circ}C$. However, the heartbeats varied with ambient temperature. Injection of chlorine dioxide to hemocoel suppressed the heartbeats in a dose-dependent manner. The suppressive effect of chlorine dioxide also increased with exposure time to gas form of the chemical at 100 ppm. However, vitamin E (an antioxidant against ROS) treatment significantly rescued the larvae treated with chlorine dioxide in the heart contraction activity. These results suggest that chlorine dioxide negatively influences on the heart contraction of P. interpunctella via its production of ROS.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.4
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• pp.499-505
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• 2013

Pine wilt disease has known as a serious forest disease in East Asia such as Japan, Korea and China. Fumigation and burning are considered as best way to treat infected tree at early detection. For investigate spectral reflectance characteristics of infected trees, periodic measurement has been done in both infected and non-infected trees. Infected and non-infected trees' reflectance (400 nm~2,500 nm wavelength) are detected from June to October with GER3700 spectrometer. Noise of reflectance data was corrected using cubic spline interpolation method. Reflectance was changed in most of infected trees with ranges Red (600 nm~700 nm) and Middle Infrared (1,400 nm~1,500 nm) within two months after injected by Pine Wood nematode (PWN), but there was no differences in non-infected trees. Infected and non-infected trees were compared statistically in each period. As a result, we found that a statistically significant difference was occurred at Red and Middle Infrared (MIR) 2 months after injection (p<0.05), however, no significant difference in near infrared (p>0.05). Therefore, the early detection of infested pine trees by PWN may possible through detecting the change of spectral reflectance at red and MIR.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1987

ABS1'RACT-Comparative effects of gamma irradiation and ethylene oxide treatment on the sterilization, and physicochemical and sensory quality of dried marine products(shrimp, anchovy) were investigated. Population of mesophilic total bacteria, aerobic spores and tolerant bacteria of samples were $10^{3}-10^{7}/g,\;10^{7}\;to \;10^{4}/g\;and\;10^{2}\;to\;10^{6}/g$, respectively. Coliforms and molds were found only in dried shrimp as $10^{2}/g$. Mesophilic total bacteria, aerobic spores and acid tolerant bacteria were reduced by over 2 to 4 log cycles with irradiation of 5 to 7 kGy and they were completely sterilized by irradiation dose of 7 to 10 kGy. $D_{10}$ value of mesophilic total bacteria of samples ranged from 1.53 to 2.73 kGy. Coliforms and molds were sterilized at 5 to 7 kGy irradiation but ethylene oxide treatment proved insufficient to eliminate the microorgainsms. An optimum dose of irradiation was less detrimental than ethylene oxide treatment to phpicochemical properties of the samples, such as the pH, TBA value, TMA-N, amino acids, minerals and color difference. Sensory quality after three months of storage showed that the overall acceptability of irradiated sample was higher than that of the non treated control as well as ethylene oxide treated samples.amples.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.222-226
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• 2013

A simple and sensitive analytical method was developed using gas chromatograph with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for determination and identification of chloropicrin. Because of small molecular weight and high volatile properties of chloropicrin, analytical method was developed utilizing headspace extraction and direct injection to the GC. The developed method was validated using hulled rice sample spiked with chloropicrin at different concentration levels, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg. Average recoveries of chloropicrin (using each concentration three replicates) ranged 77.7~79.3% with relative standard deviations less than 10% and calibration solutions concentration in the range $0.005{\sim}0.5{\mu}g/mL$, and limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.004 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The result showed that developed analytical methods was successfully applied to detect a small amount of chloropicrin in hulled rice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.805-813
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• 1994

Zucchini slices, sweet potato stems, taro stems, and platycodon treated with various methods such as dipping in citric acid solution, sulfite solution, or sulfur fumigation were dried by the natural sun drying method or the forced air drying method at 50, 70, 90, or $105^{\circ}C$. Mold growth of the dried vegetables and sensory quality of the dried and rehydrated vegetables were investigated. Limiting moisture contents to prevent mold growth over 3 month storage under room temperature were 15, 20, 25, and 15% for zucchini slices, sweet potato stems, taro stems, and platycodon, respectively. The chlorophyll containing vegetables dehydrated by the forced hot air showed better sensory quality than those by the natural sun. Among the pretreatments, dipping in the sulfite solution provided the best sensory quality to the dried vegetables. The sensory quality of dried platycodon was improved to a small extent by sulfur fumigation and sulfite solution treatment. The sensory quality of the dried platycodon was not found to be affected by the drying methods. All the tested vegetables dried at $105^{\circ}C$ had the worst sensory quality. Except drying temperature of $105^{\circ}C$, the lower the drying temperature, the better the sensory quality and the rehydration rates were obtained for the tested vegetables except platycodon. The sensory quality of the platycodon was little affected by the drying temperature tested in the range of $50{\sim}90^{\circ}C$.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2014

This study presents an eco-friendly persimmon drying system to satisfy consumer preferences and provide a popular food for both the domestic and international markets. The most effective antimicrobial compounds were developed from a combination of plant extracts (18.18% clove buds, 9.90% cinnamon, 9.09% licorice, 4.55% cnidium, 4.55% seed of grapefruit, and 54.54% apple vinegar). The dried persimmons were evaluated as regards their moisture and sugar content, weight, hardness, and color value. During the drying process, the overall moisture content of the persimmons increased, along with the sugar content. The hardness was almost the same for each region and decreased on an average of 0.5~0.86 after 6 weeks. As regards the chromaticity, ${\Delta}E$ decreased during the drying process, while L-value became darker and a-value showed a dark red color over time.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.443-456
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• 2017

The Geumran-gasa (Kasaya) and Jangsam of the monk Samyeong are historical relics and were designated as object No.29, a Buddhist costume of the Joseon Dynasty, by the National Folklore Cultural Heritage, in 1973. In 1984, after being treated for the purposes of washing and preserving the shape of the garments, the object was kept in the Temple Museum of Pyochungsa, as their holding institution. However, regular inspection conducted by the Cultural Heritage Administration in 2013 determined the need for a re-treatment. The Geumran-gasa had been originally made with 25 strips, but it had been separated into two parts and many pieces were lost. A part of the collar in the Jangsam was lost as well. Therefore, both relics needed to be restored. The re-treatment process involved pre-investigation, washing, reinforcement fabric dyeing, restoration, and fumigation. In particular, we focused on reinforcing the damaged parts and restoring the missing parts by applying advanced materials and methods in order to restore the original form as much as possible. This conservation is the result of the re-treatment of the cultural properties by replacing the old material used in past treatments and applying advanced methods under the basic principle of reversibility in conservation treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.165-179
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• 2015

Archives have historical and academic values. That is why the study of preservation conditions and the environment for the effective management of various records progress. However, materials such as paper and adhesives will inevitably cause biological damages. These damages spread into the inner side of archives, which would make it impossible to recover. For example, archival records from Malaysia and Oman are easily exposed to biological damage because of these countries' hot and humid climate. As such, once records are damaged, disinfection operations are customary in these areas. Methyl bromide (MeBr) and ethylene oxide (EtO) were used in the disinfection process as they showed good insecticidal effect. However their antibacterial effect are negligible. As such, the need for an environmental-friendly fumigator was evident. An environmental-friendly fumigator is designed to improve storage stability. Such equipment is expected to contribute to prevention of damages to cultural heritages through its use of vaporization technology, maintenance of a disinfection space (chamber), and self-generation of nitrogen.