• Title/Summary/Keyword: 훈증제

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Physico-Chemical Properties of Ginseng Leaf Tea As Affected by Decontamination Treatment (인삼엽록차의 살균처리에 따른 이화학적 특성 변화)

  • 김영회;권중호;변명우;이수정;조한옥
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 1991
  • Physico-chemical properties were investigated on ginseng leaf tea which was decontaminated by the current ethylene oxide fumigation and gamma irradiation, respectively. Chemical components such as soluble matter, saponin and polyphenols were found to be stable to both treatments, while ascorbic acid and chlorophylls were relatively labile to fumigation and irradiation more than 5 kGy. Instrumental analysis has shown that EO fumigation causes apparent changes in pH and color of extracts and volatile profile of the sample, as compared to negligible changes in the irradiated sample at a decontaminating dose, 5 kGy.

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Bactericidal Efficacy of a Fumigation Disinfectant Containing Paraformaldehyde Against Salmonella Typhimurium

  • Cha, Chun-Nam;Son, Song-Ee;Yoo, Chang-Yeul;Park, Eun-Kee;Jung, Ji-Youn;Kim, Suk;Lee, Hu-Jang
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.216-221
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    • 2016
  • This study was performed to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of a fumigation disinfectant containing 35% paraformaldehyde against Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). In this study, the efficacy test of a fumigant against S. Typhimurium was carried out according to French standard NF T 72-281. The S. Typhimurium working culture suspension number (N value), all bacteria numbers on the carriers exposed to the fumigant (n1, n2, and n3), the number of bacterial suspensions by the pour plate method (N1), the number of bacterial suspensions by the filter membrane method (N2), and the mean number of bacteria recovered on the control carriers (T value), were obtained from the preliminary test. In addition, the reduction number of S. Typhimurium exposed to the fumigant (d value) was calculated using the T value, the mean number of bacteria in the recovery solution (n'1) and the mean number of bacteria on carriers plated in agar (n'2). The N value was $5.5{\times}10^8$ colony forming units (CFU)/mL, and n1, n2, and n3 were higher than 0.5N1, 0.5N2 and 0.5N1, respectively. Additionally, the T value was $3.5{\times}10^6CFU/carrier$. In terms of the bactericidal effect of the fumigant, the d value was 5.25. According to the French standard for fumigants, the d value for an effective bactericidal fumigant should be greater than 5. The results indicated that the fumigant containing 35% paraformaldehyde had an efficient bactericidal activity against S. Typhimurium, and, therefore, can be used to disinfect food materials and kitchen appliances contaminated with foodborne bacteria.

Bactericidal Efficacy of Fumagari OPP®, Fumigant Against Staphylococcus aureus (훈증소독제, Fumagari OPP®의 Staphylococcus aureus에 대한 살균효과)

  • Cha, Chun-Nam;Park, Eun-Kee;Choi, Hyunju;Kim, Yongpal;Yoo, Chang-Yeol;Kim, Suk;Lee, Hu-Jang
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.349-353
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    • 2013
  • This study was performed to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of Fumagari OPP$^{(R)}$, fumigation disinfectant, containing 20% ortho-phenylphenol against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). In this research, efficacy test of fumigant against S. aureus was carried out according to French standard NF T 72-281. S. aureus working culture suspension number (N value), all of the colony numbers on the carriers exposed with the fumigant (n1, n2, and n3), the number of bacterial test suspentions by pour plate method (N1), the number of bacterial test suspentions by filter membrane method (N2) and the mean number of bacteria recovered on the control-carriers (T value) were obtained from the preliminary test. In addition, the reduction number of S. aureus exposed with the fumigant (d value) was calculated using T value, the mean number of bacteria in recovery solution (n'1) and the mean number of bacteria on carriers plated in agar (n'2). N value was $4.0{\times}10^8$ CFU/mL, and n1, n2, and n3 were higher than 0.5N1, 0.5N2 and 0.5N1, respectively. Additionally, T value was $3.4{\times}10^6$ CFU/mL. In the bactericidal effect of the fumigant, the d value was 6.43 logCFU/mL. According to the French standard for the fumigant, the d value for the effective bactericidal fumigant should be over than 5 logCFU/mL. The results indicated that Fumagari OPP$^{(R)}$ had an effective bactericidal activity against S. aureus, then the fumigant can be applied to disinfect food materials and kitchen appliances contaminated with pathogenic bacteria.

Sporicidal Efficacy of a Fumigation Disinfectant Composited to Ortho-phenylphenol Against Spores of Clostridium Perfringens (Ortho-phenylphenol을 주성분을 하는 훈증소독제의 Clostridium perfringens 아포에 대한 살아포 효과)

  • Cha, Chun-Nam;Cho, Youyoung;Lee, Hu-Jang
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.217-222
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    • 2014
  • This study was performed to evaluate the sporicidal efficacy of a fumigation disinfectant containing 20% ortho-phenylphenol against Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) spores. In this research, efficacy test of fumigant against C. perfringens spores was carried out according to French standard NF T 72-281. C. perfringens spores working culture suspension number (N value), all the spore numbers on the carriers exposed with the fumigant (n1, n2, and n3), the number of bacterial spore suspensions by pour plate method (N1), the number of bacterial spore suspensions by filter membrane method (N2) and the mean number of bacterial spore recovered on the control-carriers (T value) were obtained from the preliminary test. In addition, the reduction number of C. perfringens spores exposed with the fumigant (d value) was calculated using T value, the mean number of bacterial spore in recovery solution (n'1) and the mean number of bacterial spore on carriers plated in agar (n'2). N value was $4.3{\times}10^7spores/mL$, and n1, n2, and n3 were higher than 0.5N1, 0.5N2 and 0.5N1, respectively. Additionally, T value was $4.9{\times}10^5spores/carrier$. In the sporicidal effect of the fumigant, the d value was 4.52log reduction. According to the French standard for the fumigant, the d value for the effective sporicidal fumigant should be over than 3log reduction. The results indicated that Fumagari $OPP^{(R)}$ had an efficient sporicidal activity against spores of C. perfringens, then the fumigant can be applied to disinfect food materials and kitchen appliances contaminated with bacterial spores.

Effects of Chemical Treatments on Population Changes of Ditylenchus destructor and Responses of Panax ginseng (감자썩이선충의 밀도변화(密度變化)와 인삼생육(人蔘生育)에 대(對)한 약제처리(藥劑處理) 효과(效果))

  • Ohh, S.H.;Yu, Y.H.;Cho, D.H.;Lee, J.H.;Kim, Y.H.
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.25 no.3 s.68
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    • pp.169-173
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    • 1986
  • Ginseng fields abolished by potato rot nematode (Ditylenchus destructor) (heavily infested with the nematode) were treated with selected nematicides after preplanting treatment with fumigants or non fumigant chemicals in the fall of 1982. Suppression of the nematode populations was noted in the fields fumigated by cylon (Cy) and treated with ethoprop (E) or triazophos (T). Also in these treatments, high percentages of shoot sprouting and low nematode damages were observed. In the fields fumigated by Cy, subsequent treatments with nonfumigant nematicides such as E, aldicarb (A), phenamiphos (Ph), oxamyl (O) and carbofuran (C) during cultivation had no effect on the significant decrease of the nematode, compared with Cy alone. No differences in shoot sprouting and symptom appearance were observed; however, survivalities of plants and root weights of 4-year old ginseng were high in A and E or E following preplanting treatment with E. Correlation coefficients of the nematode densities to host responses such as sprouting of shoots, symptom appearance, survivality of plants and weight of 4-year old ginseng roots were significant at and mostly before and after the time periods of survey.

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우리나라 농약의 변천사 -살균제를 중심으로-

  • 이두형
    • The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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    • v.3 no.10
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    • pp.4-11
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    • 1982
  • 살균제가 어느 시대부터 사용되어 왔는지는 확실한 기록이 없어 알 수 없으나 농사가 시작된 오래전부터 재배된 작물을 병으로부터 보호하기 위하여 사용되었으리라는 것은 쉽게 상상할 수 있다. 19세기 이전에 사용된 살균제로서는 황(黃)에 의한 훈증, 승홍(昇汞) 및 황산구리(黃酸銅)에 의한 종자소독 등 이라고 추정할 수 있으나 우리나라에서의 확실한 기록이 없어 무엇이라 말 할 수가 없다. 우리나라에서의 과학적인 영농방법이 시작된 것은 1905년 이후 권업모범장의 연구 결과가 발표되기 시작하면서부터라고 말할 수 있다. 따라서 살균제의 변천과정을 1945년을 전후로 나누어 작물과 주성분에 따른 적용범위와 사용상의 문제점 등을 중점적으로 다루기로 한다.

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Evasive Behavior of the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum, against Chlorine Dioxide and Its Suppression by Heat Treatment (이산화염소에 대한 거짓쌀도둑거저리의 회피행동과 이를 억제하는 열처리 효과)

  • Kim, Yonggyun;Kumar, Sunil;Rahman, M. Mahbubur;Kwon, Hyeok;Chun, Yongsik;Na, Jahyun;Kim, Wook
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.54 no.3
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    • pp.151-158
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    • 2015
  • Chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) can be used as a fumigant to kill insects. However, some insects can exhibit an evasive behavior from chlorine dioxide. This evasive behavior decreases the efficiency of the insecticidal activity of chlorine dioxide. This study tested a hypothesis that heat treatment suppresses the evasive behavior and synergizes the control efficacy of chlorine dioxide. Chlorine dioxide fumigation killed the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, under direct exposure condition to the chemical for 12 h with median lethal concentrations of 383.67 ppm (153.63 - 955.78 ppm: 95% confidence interval) for larvae and 397.75 ppm (354.46 - 446.13 ppm: 95% confidence interval) for adults. However, when they were treated with enough diet flour, they exhibited an evasive behavior by entering the diet, which significantly decreased the control efficacy of the fumigant. To clarify the evasive behavior, the choice test of the adults were performed in Y tube arena. The test adults significantly avoided the diet treated with chlorine dioxide, while the antennatectomized adults lost the avoidance behavior. Heat treatment using $46^{\circ}C$ for 6 h killed only 10% or less of T. castaneum. Interestingly, most adults were observed to come out of the diet under the heat treatment. Chlorine dioxide treatment even at 400 ppm for 6 h did not kill any T. castaneum. However, the combined treatment of chlorine dioxide with the heat treatment for 6 h resulted in 95% mortality. These results indicated that heat treatment suppressed the evasive behavior of T. castaneum and synergized the control efficacy of the chlorine dioxide fumigant.

Enhanced Acetylcholinesterase Activity of the Indianmeal Moth, Plodia interpunctella, Under Chlorine Dioxide Treatment and Altered Negative Phototaxis Behavior (이산화염소 처리에 따른 화랑곡나방 아세틸콜린에스터레이즈 활성 증가와 음성주광성 행동 변화)

  • Kim, Minhyun;Kwon, Hyeok;Kwon, yunsik;Kim, Wook;Kim, Yonggyun
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.55 no.1
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    • pp.27-33
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    • 2016
  • Chlorine dioxide has been used as a disinfectant against microbial pathogens. Recently, its insecticidal activity has been known against stored insect pests by oxidative stress. However, any molecular target of the oxidative stress induced by chlorine dioxide has been not known in insects. This study assessed an enzyme activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a molecular target of chlorine dioxide in the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella. AChE activities were varied among developmental stages of P. interpunctella. Injection of chlorine dioxide with lethality-causing doses significantly increased AChE activity of the fifth instar larvae of P. interpunctella. Exposure of the larvae to chlorine dioxide fumigant also significantly increased AChE activity. The fifth instar larvae of P. interpunctella exhibited a negative phototaxis. However, chlorine dioxide treatment significantly interrupted the innate behavior. These results suggest that AChE is one of molecular targets of oxidative stress due to chlorine dioxide in P. interpunctella.

Effect of Chemical Fumigant and ${\gamma}- Rays$ on the Physicochemical Properties of Dried Oak Mushrooms (표고버섯의 이화학적 특성에 대한 훈증제와 ${\gamma}-Rays$의 영향)

  • Kwon, Joong-Ho;Byun, Myung-Woo;Cho, Han-Ok;Kim, Young-Jae;Kim, Jong-Goon
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.273-278
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    • 1987
  • The physicochemical properties of dried oak mushrooms were investigated to determine the comparative effects of ethylene oxide (E.O) fumigation and gamma irradiation with doses at 1 and 5 kGy. The total amino acid content was relatively stable in irradiated groups in comparison with the control. Treatments with gamma irradiation did not effect the content of reducing sugar but caused en increase in free sugars, such as mannitol, arabitol and trehalose. There were no significant differences in concentrations of minerals. The amount of water and fat soluble pigments and the rancidity of the samples stored at $25^{\circ}C$ increased with increasing the storage time and the relative humidity, and the tendency to change was more apparent in E.O. fumigated sample than gamma irradiated one.

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Fumigant Activity of Phosphine Against Three Wood Boring Beetles, Platypus koryoensis, Cryphalus fulvus, and Xyleborus mutilatus (광릉긴나무좀, 왕녹나무좀, 노랑애나무좀 성충에 대한 포스핀의 훈증활성)

  • Cho, Sung Woo;Kim, Sung Il;Kim, Hyun Kyung;Kim, Gil-Hah
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.58 no.1
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    • pp.31-35
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    • 2019
  • Many forest pests have caused problems for wood quarantine. The fumigation activity of phosphine ($PH_3$) was examined for the adults of three wood-boring insect pests. The $LCT_{99}$ values for Platypus koryoensis, Cryphalus fulvus, and Xyleborus mutilates were 3.192, 0.994, and $0.501mg{\cdot}h/L$ at $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The effectiveness of $PH_3$ was increasingly time dependent for all doses tested in all three species. In particular, P. koryoensis showed 100% mortality at doses higher than 0.4 mg/L 7 days after fumigation. These results indicate that methyl bromide could be substituted for $PH_3$ for adults of these three species of wood pest.