• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.24-31
• /
• 2008

Purpose: We purposed to analyze the incidence and the patterns of the injuries associated with anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) tears. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 547 knees that had undergone ACL reconstructions and compared the associated injuries according to the time of injury(acute vs. chronic), the cause of injury(sports vs. non-sports) and the type of sports. Results: Medial collateral ligament(MCL) injury and bone contusion were more in acute injury group less than 3 months after trauma(p=0.001, 0.019) and the injuries of medial or lateral meniscus were more in chronic injury group more than 3 months after trauma(p=0.014, 0.029). The trochlea in acute injury group(p=0.027) and the medial femoral condyle in chronic injury group(p=0.011) had higher incidence of chondral injury. Grade I, II chondral injury was frequent in acute injury group(p=0.016) and grade III, IV chondral injury was frequent in chronic injury group(p=0.017). Lateral meniscus injury was frequent in sports injury group(P=0.035). Medial collateral ligament injury was frequent in ski(P=0.005), and chondral injury was in gymnastics(P=0.017). Conclusions: The incidences of medial and lateral meniscus tears and grade III, IV chondral defects were high in chronic injury group. According to the causes of the tears and the types of sports, some differences in the incidence and pattern of associated injuries were found.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.191-200
• /
• 1998

This study was intended to perform the influence of condyle positional change after surgical correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion after orthognathic surgery in 37 patients(male 13, female 24) using computed tomogram that were taken in centric occlusion before, immediate after, and long term after surgery and lateral cephalogram that were taken in centric occlusion before, 7 days within the period of intermaxillary fixation, at the 24 hours later removing intermaxillary fixation and long term after surgery. 1. Mean intercondylar distance was $84.42{\pm}5.30mm$ and horizontal long axis of condylar angle was $12.79{\pm}4.92^{\circ}$ on the right, $13.53{\pm}5.56^{\circ}$ on the left side. Condylar lateral poles were located about 12mm and medial poles about 7mm away from the reference line(AA') on the axial tomogram. Mean intercondylar distance was $83.15{\pm}4.62mm$ and vertical axis angle of condylar angle was $76.28{\pm}428^{\circ}$ on the right, $78.30{\pm}3.79^{\circ}$ on the left. 2. In amount of set back, We found the condylar change(T2C-T1C) which had increasing tendency in group III (amount of setback : 10-15mm). but there was no statistical significance(p>0.05). 3. There was some correlation between condylar change(T2C-T1C) and TMJ dysfunction. It seemed that postoperative condylar change had influenced postoperative TMJ dysfunction, through there was no statistical significance (p>0.05). As we have observed the change of condylar axis in the group that complained of TMJ dysfunction in cases of large amount of mandibular setback. So we consider that the more trying to conserve condylar position will decrease occurrence rate of post operational TMJ dysfunction.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2012

This is a review regarding Mulliken's Modification using the Millard rotation-advancement principle for the repair of unilateral complete cleft lip and nasal deformity. All patients underwent prior labionasal adhesion and dentofacial orthopedics with a pin-retained (Latham) appliance used for infants with a cleft of the lip and palate. Technical variations concerning the operation are described. A high rotation and releasing incision in the columella lengthens the medial labial element and produces a symmetric prolabium with minimal transgression of the upper philtral column through the advancement flap. The orbicularis oris muscle is everted, from caudad to cephalad, to form the philtral ridge. A minor variation of unilimb Z-plasty is used to level the cleft side of Cupid's bow handle, and cutaneous closure proceeds superiorly from this junction. The dislocated alar cartilage is visualized though a nostril rim incision and suspended to the ipsilateral upper lateral cartilage. Symmetry of the alar base is addressed in three dimensions, including maneuvers to position the deviated anterior-caudal septum, configure the sill, and efface the lateral vestibular web. The authors believe the technical refinements described herein contribute favorably to the outcome of repair regarding unilateral cleft lip and nasal distortion.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.570-593
• /
• 1996

This study was intended to perform the influence of condyle positional change after surgical correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion after BSSRO in 20 patients(males 9, females 11) using computed tomogram that were taken in centric occlusion before, immediate, and long term after surgery and lateral cephalogram that were taken in centric occlusion before, 7 days within the period intermaxillary fixation, 24hour after removing intermaxillary fixation and long term after surgery. 1. Mean intercondylar distance was $84.45{\pm}4.01mm$ and horizontal long axis of condylar angle was $11.89{\pm}5.19^{\circ}$on right, $11.65{\pm}2.09^{\circ}$on left side and condylar lateral poles were located about 12mm and medial poles about 7mm from reference line(AA') on the axial tomograph. Mean intercondylar distance was $84.43{\pm}3.96mm$ and vertical axis angle of condylar angle was $78.72{\pm}3.43^{\circ}$on right, $78.09{\pm}6.12^{\circ}$on left. 2. No statistical significance was found on the condylar change(T2C-T1C) but it had definitive increasing tendency. There was significant decreasing of the distance between both condylar pole and the AA'(p<0.05) during the long term(TLC-T2C). 3. On the lateral cephalogram, no statistical significance was found between immediate after surgery and 24 hours after the removing of intermaxillary fixation but only the lower incisor tip moved forward about 0.33mm(p<0.05). Considering individual relapse rate, mean relapse rate was 1.2% on L1, 5.0% on B, 2.0% on Pog, 9.1% on Gn, 10.3% on Me(p<0.05). 4. There was statistical significance on the influence of the mandibular set-back to the total mandibular relapse(p<0.05). 5. There was no statistical significance on the influence of the mandibular set-back(T2-T1) to the condylar change(T2C-T1C), the condylar change(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C) to the mandibular total relapse, the pre-operative condylar position to the condylar change(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C), the pre-operative mandibular posture to the condylar change(T2C-T1C, TLC-T2C)(p>0.05). 6. The result of multiple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative condylar position to the total mandibular relapse revealed that the more increasing of intercondylar distance and condylar vertical axis angle and decreasing of condyalr head long axis angle, the more increasing of mandibular horizontal relapse(L1,B,Pog,Gn,Me) on the right side condyle. The same result was founded in the case of horizontal relapse(L1,Me) on the left side condyle.(p<0.05). 7. The result of multiple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative condylar position to the pre-operative mandibular posture revealed that the more increasing of intercondylar distance and condylar vertical axis angle and decreasing of condylar head long axis angle, the more increasing of mandibular vertical length on the right side condyle. and increasing of vertical lengh & prognathism on the left side condyle(p<0.05). 8. The result of simple regression analysis on the influence of the pre-operative mandibular posture to the mandibular total relapse revealed that the more increasing of prognathism, the more increasing of mandibular total relapse in B and the more increasing of over-jet the more increasing of mandibular total relapse(p<0.05). Consequently, surgical mandibular repositioning was not significantly influenced to the change of condylar position with condylar reposition method.