• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.135-155
• /
• 2010

The purposes of the paper are to estimate welfare change from water quality degradation by using contingent valuation method in Namdae stream of Gangrung and identify what factors of Namdae stream are important to Gangrun citizens. The study results show their total WTP per year and per household, \117,040 to improve Namdae stream quality from grade 3 to grade 1, including monetary WTP \87,502 plus opportunity cost of volunteering time for protection campaign, \29,538. The amount of total welfare change from water quality degradation based on the total WTP estimated above is calculated to be \27 billion of which the amount, as a sort of damage cost from water quality degraded, is so huge. All projects and policies related to natural environments, therefore, should consider both indirect and direct effects from them because natural environments have the irreversibility once degraded or deteriorated and would ultimately be influential on humans, both current and future generations, with tremendous amounts of time and costs beyond our imagination.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.519-547
• /
• 2005

The aim of this study is to analysis how economic welfare lost happens within the present korea seasonal and time period electricity pricing system and find out reasonable electricity price system acceptable during the transitional period of korea electricity industry restructuring To analyze economic welfare lost in the electricity industry, in advance seasonal and time periodic 9 demand curves(summer, spring ＆fall, winter/peak-load time, middle-load time, low-load time) and one market supply curve are made and then using these demand and supply curve, seasonal and time periodic market equilibrium prices is calculated. Finally, comparing these market equilibrium prices with present regulated classified seasonal and time periodic prices, the whole economic welfare lost in the electricity industry is calculated. The result of this study shows that in 2002, the total economic welfare lost in electricity industry is 137,770 million Won and under present price system, the worst welfare lost is happening seasonally in spring ＆ fall, time periodically in the middle-load time. Specifically analyzing the characteristics of welfare lost, especially on the industry customers and service customers which are applied in seasonal and time periodic pricing, for the industry customers, the welfare lost calculated in this class occupies 51% of the total welfare lost in the whole electricity industry and the worst welfare lost is happening seasonally in spring ＆ fall, time periodically in the middle-load time. For service customers, the welfare lost calculated in this class occupies 13% of the total welfare lost in the whole electricity industry and the worst welfare lost is happening seasonally in summer, time periodically in the peak time Finally, this study was made based on the year of 2002 and KEPCO has practiced two times of rate change until now. The result of rate change was positively analyzed in the direction of economic welfare improvement(welfare improvement achieved by 16.3% compared to 2002 result).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.371-383
• /
• 2017

The aim of this paper is to investigate adjusting process of trade-off relationship between economic growth and income distribution in China which is established by mixed with social and market-oriented economic systems. The characteristic nature of social welfare index in urban and rural regions in China is examined by employing principal component analysis. Empirical evidences reveal that unlike national wide or urban region, the increases of income contribute to improve social well-being in rural region, but not social welfare index. Accordingly, it can be said that although social well-being in rural region seems to be harmful because of weakly organized social welfare index, the potentiality exists to improve social well-being by increased income. Taken all together, the results signifies that the mixed economic system such as China might distribute its increased income appropriately, however, the distributional system is hardly operated to improve social welfare index. And thus the distributional system has to be amended to enhance social well-being in China.

• 한국항공운항학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.287-292
• /
• 2016

본 논문에서는 카페테리아 복리후생의 기본개념의 고찰과 함께 국내 및 국외에서 활용되고 있는 카페테리아 플랜에 대한 사례연구를 통해 A항공사(航空社)를 중심으로 새로운 종업원 복리후생제도 도입을 제시하고자 한다. 복리후생제도 도입방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 선택적 복리후생제도에 대한 종업원들의 공감대를 형성하는 것이다. 항공사는 대체로 노동조합이 잘 발달되어 있는 편이고 종업원들의 학력수준도 높은 편이다. 따라서 사내교육 등을 통하거나 노조 설명회를 통하여 전반적인 사회변화에 따른 다양한 선택적 복리후생제도의 효율성, 종업원 니즈에 대한 충족도의 우수성, 저가항공사의 난립에 따른 필연적 M&A 등이 발생할 경우를 대비하여 필요하다는 점, 종업들의 원가에 대한 이해(cost contiousness)가 높아질 수 있다는 점, 등에 대해 알리고 이해를 시킬 필요가 있다. 둘째, 기존에 일률적으로 제공되고 있는 우대탑승제도는 종업원마다 매년 일정한 한도가 부여되지만 티켓을 소비하는 횟수는 각각 다르다. 또한 항공업의 특성상 성수기로 인해 원하는 시간에 원하는 곳을 갈 수 없다는 큰 문제점이 발생하고 곧 니즈 욕구에 대한 불만족으로 직결 한다. 우대탑승 제도에 부여된 항공 티켓 지원은 비수기나 여유 있는 좌석상황에 따라 소비할 수 있기 때문에 종업원의 만족도는 높지 않게 나타난다. 따라서 종업원의 수혜수준을 종업원이 스스로 선택할 수 있게 함으로써, 사원 스스로의 니즈에 맞게 복리후생 계획을 세울 수 있게 하는 카페테리아플랜 즉 선택적 복리후생제도의 도입의 검토가 필요하다. 이런 선택적 복리후생제도는 종업원의 측면에서 좀 더 자신의 상황과 요구에 부합하는 복리후생을 수혜함에 따라 만족도가 증가하고, 스스로 복리후생을 선택함으로써 동기를 부여하는 측면의 의의가 있다. 그러나 현 기업의 능력과 종업원 의식에 대한 정확한 분석 및 이해가 없는 외부 성공사례의 도입은 지금까지 우리나라 많은 기업들의 경영기법 도입사례와 같이 일과성으로 끝나는 위험성도 크다. 따라서 보다 깊은 자기 성찰을 통한 제도의 수용과 이를 부분적으로 개선 및 보완하여 적용할 줄 아는 지혜가 무엇보다도 우선되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.63-77
• /
• 2015

Effects of shifting trend from Chonsei to monthly-rent and the changes in rental housing prices upon the welfare of tenants has been analyzed. In 2014, welfare of tenants has been found to be decreased by 660 billion Korean Won due to the change in rental housing prices. From the point of view of the welfare of tenants, it has been found that monthly-rent stabilizing policies are 1.47 times more effective than Chonsei price stabilizing policies. The effect of monthly-rent stabilizing policies has been found to be increased with the increase in the proportion of monthly-rent transaction, the decrease in the speed of the shifting trend from Chonsei to monthly-rent, the decrease in interest rate, the decrease in the proportion of variable deposit in monthly-rent, the decrease in the proportion of debt in Chonsei deposit. These findings indicate that the relative importance of monthly-rent stabilizing policies will be increased in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.357-368
• /
• 2014

So far, land use-transportation models have been used exclusively for numerical analysis. A recent theoretical endeavor now enables us to derive the first-order derivative of the model's welfare function with respect to policy variables. I extend this methodology into the institutional setting where toll revenues are recycled through labor income tax. In this setting, the first-order derivative is composed of (1) the increase in welfare due to reduced congestion, and (2) the decrease in welfare due to interaction with the existing labor income tax. This result coincides with existing theory in the non-spatial model.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.159-169
• /
• 2008

The aim of this paper is to research the changes of social welfare by internalizing external cost, especially the maintenance cost. Main target of this paper is the Cheonan$\sim$Nonsan Line, where private capital highway, national highway and local road are competing against each other. Considering the realistic difficulties in applying the First Best pricing, this paper applied the Second Best pricing, applying the maintenance cost, in lieu of the already mentioned. The demand functions of the toll roads were built through regression analysis. By reflecting the maintenance cost to the toll fee, It was able to confirm the variation of social welfare deriving from the traffic assign change but also the aspects of toll revenue at the same time. Result of applying the Second Best pricing shows merely a small change in social welfare. However, in the aspect of finance, it is analyzed that there will be about 13 billion won worth of financial effectiveness which will contribute to the reduction of the national financial support.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.93-127
• /
• 2012

We estimate how much KEPCO can save their loss and how much social welfare can be increased by applying the real-time pricing instead of current regulated retail price in the electricity market in order to analyze the problem of the regulated retail price which is fixed below the marginal cost. We estimate the demand functions of peak time and off-peak time in summer (June to August) and winter (December to February). We construct the supply function based on hourly step-wise linear marginal cost functions, too. We find that the increase of social welfare will be 67 billion won in summer if the fixed retail price is changed into the real-time pricing scheme. The total 705 billion won will be transferred from consumer surplus to producer surplus and the rest (67 billion won) will be saved from the reduction of deadweight loss among KEPCO's loss. In winter, the increase of social surplus will be 225 billion won and 1,174 billion won of KEPCO's loss will be transferred from consumer surplus. As a result, we conclude that the regulation of the retail price in the electricity market induces the social welfare loss and KEPCO suffers a huge loss.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.276-279
• /
• 2003

전력산업의 구조개편에서 발전사업자에게 용량가치를 보상해 주는 것은 현물시장에서 발전용량을 줄임으로써 가격 상승을 유도하여 수익을 높이는 등의 전략적 행동을 줄임과 동시에 발전회사의 단기적인 이윤 추구 및 경쟁에 의해서 저해될 수 있는 장기적인 투자를 유도하기 위한 것이다. 이 논문에서는 용량가치 보상 메커니즘을 용량가격이 생산량에 따라 변화하는 부분과 변화하지 않는 부분으로 나누고 대칭적인 복점시장 상황을 상정하여, 수요특성과 시장의 경쟁정도 및 소비자 잉여의 중요성 등에 따라서 용량가치 보상 메커니즘이 사회후생에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해서 분석하였다. 결과적으로, 용량가치 보상에 의해서 사회 후생이 증가할 수 있으며, 소비자 잉여를 중시할수록 용량가격이 생산량에 따라 변화하는 메커니즘이 효과적이고, 경쟁 형태 및 정도에 따라서 용량가치 보상 메커니즘의 형태가 달라져야 함을 보였다.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.47-89
• /
• 2020

We introduce a simple theoretical model to analyze the welfare impact of a competition policy in the natural gas market in South Korea. An incumbent monopolistic firm currently owns essential facilities, but the competition policy mandates that the firm provide open access to any entrant firm, charging an access fee. When no regulation is imposed on the fee pricing, this policy increases social welfare as well as the profit of the incumbent firm. When the pricing is regulated, however, social welfare depends on whether there is information asymmetry between the government and the firm regarding the operating cost of the facilities. If the government has complete information, social welfare can be maximized by choosing the optimal prices. Otherwise, the government has to set the prices based on the information that the firm delivers. We formulate a Bayesian game to analyze this case and identify a set of perfect Bayesian equilibria to compare social welfare.