• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.569-573
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• 2003

To determine the antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts form 'Formosa' plum against 4 kinds of pathogenic bacteria, the fermosa were got at different growth stages and were extracted using methanol, respectively. The Formosa methanol extracts treated with 5.0 mg/disc showed the highest antimicrobial activity against 4 kinds of pathogenic bacteria and those of Formosa 1-4(immature fruit), which thin out 10∼25 days before foal harvest, showed higher antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative microorganisms than Formosa 5-6(mature fruit). Especially, the methanol extracts of Formosa 1 and 2 were exhibited the strongest growth inhibiting activities to these bacteria. The minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of immature Fomosa methanol extracts was 320 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and 160 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The MIC of immature Formosa methanol extracts to Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes were 640 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. These results suggest that methanol extracs of immature formosa can be used as an effective natural antimicrobial agent in food.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.134-137
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• 2002

Approximate composition and physicochemical properties of 2 cultivars of plum (P. salicina), Humoosa and Daeseok, were examined. The contents of crude fat and N-free extract were different between 2 cultivars. Total mineral contents of Humoosa and Daeseok were 30.00 and 17.99% respectively, and S, K and Mg were major minerals in both cultivars. Humoosa has higher contents of fructose whereas Daeseok has higher contents of sucrose. Major organic acid in flesh was malic acid. While citric acid was major organic acid in the peel of Humoosa, malic acid was major in the peel of Daeseok. Glutamic acid, alanine and ${\gamma}-aminoisobutyric$ acid were major free amino acid in both cultivars and their total contents were about the same.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.338-341
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 아로마 화장품의 생리ㆍ심리적 효과를 살펴보았다. 20-30대 건강한 성인 여자를 상으로 스트레스 부하 후 아로마 화장품 사용과 무사용의 두 조건에서 중추 신경계의 뇌파(EEG) 중 Alpha파의 주파수 변동리듬(l/f), 자율신경계(ECG, SKT, GSR) 및 주관적 기분감 평가(POMS) 를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 우전두부의 U파 변동리듬계수의 크기와 변동리듬 경사도를 이용한 쾌적도는 무사용에 비해 아로마 화장품 사용에서 시간이 경과됨에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). SKT에서는 조건간 유의차는 나타나지 않았으나 GSR에서는 무사용에 비해 아로마 화장풍 사용 후 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.1). 주관적 기분감 평가(POMS)에서는 무사용에 비해 아로마 화장품 사용 후 성냄, 혼란 항목의 득점이 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.1). 이상의 결과로부터 스트레스 부하 후 사용한 아로마 화장품의 스트레스 해소 경향 즉 Relax, 진정 효과가 확인되었다.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.91-99
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• 2001

뇌 손상 후 급성기에 기능의 자발적인 회복이 일어나지만 환자들은 환측의 상지를 잘 사용하지 못하게 된다. 그 결과 원하는 움직임을 억제하는 상황을 발생시키는데 이것을 학습 무사용 증후군(learned nonu se syndrome)이라 한다. 이러한 학습 무사용 증후군을 치료하기 위해 억제-유도 치료(constraint-induced therapy)가 고안되었다. 억제-유도 치료는 연속되는 몇 주간에 걸쳐 매일 많은 시간 동안 건측의 상지를 묶어두고 환측 상지를 사용하게 하여 기능을 반복 학습하게 함으로써 기능을 증진시키는 방법이다. 이미 여러 연구자들이 경두개 자기자극(transcranial magnetic stimulation), 움직임 관련 피질전위(movement-related cortical potential), 기능적 자기공명 영상기법(functional magnetic resonance imaging) 등을 통하여 억제-유도 치료 후 운동피질영역에서의 재조직화를 보고함으로써 기능 증진과 관련된 회복 기전을 뒷받침하고 있다. 억제-유도 치료의 영역은 확대되어 뇌졸중, 척수손상, 고관절 치환술 후로 하지에서의 기능증진을 위하여 연구가 진행되고 있으며 특히 뇌졸중 후 실어증 환자에서 새로운 방법으로 제시되고 있다. 따라서, 억제-유도 치료는 신경학적인 손상 후 움직임의 재활에 있어서 치료-유도를 통한 중추신경계의 회복에 효과적으로 작용할 수 있다.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2009

Before transplanting Chinese cabbage seedlings, two kinds of eggshell powder were blended into the soil of cabbage field where the club root pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae, was infested. The incidence of clubroot disease, the shoot and root growth of cabbages, and soil pH were examined four times at 10 to 13 days interval from transplanting Chinese cabbage. As results, the cabbages treated with eggshell powder without membrane showed the fastest growth in above ground part, and the lowest disease index for clubroot disease. The cabbages treated with eggshell powder with membrane showed better growth than the cabbages of non-treated check, but lower growth than those treated with eggshell powder without membrane. Soil pH started to increase from 3 weeks after soil blending of eggshell powder, and it reached to above 8.0. However, the soil pH of non-treated check stayed at around 6.8. In the experiment to compare the effect of eggshell powder with other calcium compounds, soil-blending of $CaCO_3$ resulted the lowest disease incidence of 1.7 and the registered fungicide, 'flusulfamide', and the resistant variety 'CR Green cabbage' followed with the incidence of 1.9. Cabbages of non-treated check scored the highest disease incidence, 3.4, and that of eggshell powder without membrane was as high as 2.7. However, the growth of Chinese cabbage showed the different pattern to the disease incidence. Chinese cabbages treated with eggshell without membrane recorded the highest average growth, around 2.1 kg. On the other hand, the average growth of CR Green Chinese cabbage was about 2.0 kg, that of flusulfamide-treatment plot was 1.7, and that of non-treated check was as low as 1.3 kg. Soil blending of eggshell powder without membrane did not inhibit the development of clubroot, but increased the growth of cabbage to a great extent. Therefore, it was confirmed that soil blending of eggshell powder before transplanting makes the Chinese cabbage culture possible even in the field infested with club root pathogen.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 2000

Effects of infection time of the clubroot pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae, on yield loss of Spring-sown Chinese cabbage plants were examined in field experiments. Yield loss of Chinese cabbage plants increased as the infection time becomes early. Plants infected at 20 days after transplanting or earlier were completely killed before harvest, and those infected at 30 days after transplanting were healthy in appearance but their head weights were reduced to 59% with poor commodity value. The plants infected 40 days after transplanting were not affected in yield. Development of root hairs in diseased plants was greatly reduced as the infection progressed, and root length was reduced to 1/2 to 1/3 of that of healthy plants. root galls were first developed 20 days after inoculation and rapidly enlarged to reach the peak in size 20 days from initial development, and decayed thereafter. Development and decay of root galls tended to be faster at later season as air temperature became high, regardless of the infection time. Diseased plants started to wilt approximately 10 days after root gall development. Root galls began to decay 10 days after initial plant wilting, and then were completely rotten within following 10 days. Based on the results, root gall development stages on spring-sown Chinese cabbage plants could be grouped into 20 days of root gall enlargement period, and 10 days of root gall decay period, followed by survival period in soil.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.53
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• pp.63-79
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• 2017

Defence Security Command is the only military intelligence and investigation agency which is in charge of safeguarding military information and investigating specific crimes such as subversion and disloyalty in military. While the presidential security provided by Defence Security Command, along with Presidential Security Service(PSS) and the police, forms one of three pillars sustaining presidential security, its works and activities have been rarely known to the public due to the military confidentiality. This study looks into some data specialized into the presidential security among works of Defense Security Command by using various resources such as biographies of key people, media reports, and public materials. It reviews the presidential security works in a historical sense that the works have developed and changed in accordance with the historical changes of Defense Security Command, which was rooted in Counter-Intelligence Corps (Teukmubudae in Korean) in 1948 and leads to the present. The study findings are as follows. First, when the Korean War broke out in 1950 and since then the South Korea was under the threat of the North Korean armed forces and left wing forces, Counter-Intelligence Corps(Bangcheopdudae in Korean) took the lead in presidential security more than the police who was in charge of it. Secondly, even after the Presidential Security Office has founded in 1963, the role of the military on presidential security has been extended by changing its titles from Counter-Intelligence Corps to Army Security corps to Armed Forces Security Command. It has developed their provision of presidential security based on the experience at the president Rhee regime when they could successfully guard the president Rhee and the important government members. Third, since the re-establishment into Defence Security Command in 1990, it has added more security services and strengthened its legal basis. With the excellent expertise, it played a pivotal role in the G20 and other state-level events. After the establishment of the Moon Jaeinin government, its function has been reduced or abolished by the National Defense Reform Act. However, the presidential security field has been strengthening by improving security capabilities through reinforcing the organization. This strengthening of the security capacity is not only effective in coping with the current confrontation situation with the hostile North Korean regime, but also is important and necessary in conducting constant monitoring of the military movement and security-threat factors within military during the national security events.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine dental personnels' concern for health, their personal protection manner, and whether or not they were inoculated against hepatitis B and made an inquiry of patients about that. It's ultimately meant to serve as a basis for the preparation of an anti-infection guide for the protection of dental personnels against all sorts of infectious diseases. After a survey was conducted from March 29 through May 9, 2001, the following findings were obtained: (1) The dental personnel group that had worked for 5 to less than 7 years took health examination the most, with 71.4%, before joining the hospital, and 61.5% of those who had served for 9 years or more, the greatest percentage, took medical checkup after joining the hospital(P<0.05). (2) The largest percentage of being inoculated against the anti-B type hepatitis after employment was 71.4% of the dental personnels over 35, and 57.7% of those with 9-year or more working experiences. Therefore, their age and service term made a significant difference(P<0.05). (3) There was no significant gap in personal protection practices between the dental hygienists and nurse aids(P>0.05). But the use of safety goggles for treatment was not properly done, with just 1.48 on the basis of 3 points, whereas the use of mask was scored 2.40 and the use of gloves was scored 1.96. (4) After a narcotic was used once, the leftovers were wasted by 89.7% of the dental hygienists and 70.0% of the nurse aids. More dental hygienists wasted them(P<0.05). (5) For hand washing, antibiotic liquid soap was used by 19.3% of the dental hygienists and 10.0% of the nurse aids, which were both very low percentage. And just 37.2% of the dental hygienists utilized a disposable paper towel to dry their hands, and only 36.0% of the nurse aids used the same(P<0.05).

• The Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.5 s.360
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• pp.88-89
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• 1999

2월 18일부터 4일간 미국 라스베가스에서 열린 99년 미국 소아마취학회의 학술대회에 한국인으로는 외롭게 혼자 참석했다. 이번 학술대회는 임상적인 면에 치중한 논문과 특이한 증례를 보고하는 포스터 내용들이 많았는데 내가 발표한 포스터에 시선이 모아져 기분이 좋았다. 논문발표 때는 다소 긴장되었지만 발표 후 질문ㆍ답변까지 무사히 넘겼다. 이번 대회 참가를 계기로 나는 '환자와 함께 열심히 일하고 연구하는 것'만이 국제사회에서 남는 길임을 절실히 깨달았다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.379-384
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• 2011

The present study was designed to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of Prunus salicina Formosa produced in Gimcheon. The free sugar amounts in Prunus salicina Formosa were fructose>glucose>sucrose>maltose, and malic acid contents in Prunus salicina Formosa were the highest among all the organic acids found in the present study. Each Prunus salicina Formosa extract was obtained by treating Prunus salicina Formosa with distilled water, 80% ethanol, 60% acetone, and 80% methanol at 25 and $50^{\circ}C$. The highest contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid were observed in the 60% acetone extract and 80% ethanol extract, respectively. The 60% acetone extract exhibited the greatest DPPH radical scavenging ability, reducing power, and nitrite scavenging ability. However, SOD-like activity was not considerably different for all the extracts studied. The results from the present study could be helpful for developing antioxidant products using Prunus salicina Formosa produced in Gimcheon.