• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 1996

Through the previous studies(I,II), it was observed that human follicular fluid(HFF) was more effective than human fetal cord serum(HFCS) on promoting meiotic resumption of oocytes and improving embryonic development of mouse in vitro. On the basis of these results, we have gradually exchanged HFCS with HFF as protein supplement in human ART. This study was performed to investigate the efficiency of HFF on improving the pregnancy rate in ART. Oocytes were retrieved transvaginally from patients treated with pituitary suppression with GnRH-agonist and ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotro-pin(HMG) and pure follicle stimulating hormone(FSH). Aspirated oocytes were rinsed and cultured in TCM-199 containing HFF, and the concentrations of HFF were adjusted to 10, 20, and 30% according to the use for insemination, embryo growth and embryo transfer, respectively. As possible as, we tried to do embryo transfer into fallopian tube to mimic the coincidence of the cell stage with the place of sojourn in vivo, so we performed various ART programs(IVF & ET; in vitro fertilization, ZIFT; zygote intra fallopian-tube transfer, ZIFT & ET) according to the tubal conditions of patients. On the while, intra cytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) was used to assist IVF of the patients who had shown poor standard IVF results by immunological or severe male factor. Of the 255 cycles of ART programs using HFF as protein supplement, 118 cycles were turn out to be succeeded in pregnancy(46.2%, per cycle, p<0.05), while 21 pregnancies were achieved in the 69 cycles using HFCS(30.4%). The 255 cycles using HFF were subdivided into cycles with the type of ART programs, and each pregnancy rate of the ART programs were 44.7% (IVF & ET, 76/170 cycles), 53.4%(ZIFT, 31/58 cycles) and 40.7% (ZIFT & ET, 11/27 cycles), respectively. In the 61 ICSI cycles using HFF, 28 cycles succeed in pregnancy(45.9%), while 7 pregnancies were obtained in the 17 ICSI cycles using HFCS. Also the ongoing pregnancy rate in the group using HFF(78.8%, 93/118 cycles) was higher than that in the group using HFCS(61.9%). Therefore, we found that the use of HFF as protein supplement was more suitable and effective than the use of HFCS to improve the pregnancy rate in ART.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.520-529
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• 2003

Proper finishing and polishing of tooth restorations enhance the esthetics and the longevity of the restored tooth. The aims of this study were to identify an appropriate polishing system for each esthetic restorative material(Z250, Heliomolar, Dyract AP, Fuji II LC), and to compare the efficiency of polishing systems(Enhance, Sof-Lex, Composite). The control group remains untouched. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference of surface roughness among the materials, while a roughness value of Z250 was the lowest of all. 2. The smoothest surface was produced by Mylar sheet on all materials. The polishing procedures, however, increased a roughness value. 3. The smoothest surfaces were produced by Sof-Lex, and there was significant difference of surface roughness between Sof-Lex and Enhance systems. 4. The smoother surfaces on the control group showed many scratches after the polishing procedures in the SEM findings.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.2 s.14
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• pp.74-81
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• 2003

In the construction industry, projects are becoming increasingly large and complex, involving multiple subcontractors. Traditional centralized coordination techniques used by the general contractors become less effective as subcontractors perform most wok and provide their own resources. When subcontractors cannot provide enough resources, they hinder their own performance as well as that of other subconractors and ultimately the entire project Thus, construction projects need a new distributed coordination approach wherein all of the concerned subcontractors can reschedule a project dynamically. To enable the distributed coordination framework of project schedule changes, the author developed an agent-based compensatory negotiation methodology, which allows intelligent software agents to simulate negotiations on behalf of their human subcontractors. In addition to this theoretical work, 1 designed and implemented a prototype to demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework. Thus, this research formalizes the necessary steps that would help construction project participants to increase the efficiency of their resource use, which in turn will enhance successful completions of whole projects.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.26-37
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• 2009

Ministry of Land, Transportation and Marine Affairs(MLTM) has implemented Construction CALS project for improving productivity of construction industry and for making construction project management efficient by responding to informatization and knowledge base society in 21st century. CALS has beeb applied successfully to projects form MLTM, however, the outcomes of Construction CALS hasn't been recognized. In addition, there is no way to find how high the level of Construction CALS is when it is compared with other SOC informatization projects. This study found out the informatiziation level of Construction CALS by using the evaluation index proposed in the former study, and by comparing with other sectors. The evaluation on the level was implemented in the three parts such as informatization infrastructure(network, hardware, standardization, data, informatization, informatization security), informatization utilization(information usage, IT performance), and informatization support(informatization goal, organization of informatization, informatization investment, informatization education), and then, this evaluation was compared with "Assessment for level of industry information system", "Assessment for level of small and midium sized industry information system", and "IICI(Informatizaion Index for the Construction Industry)". With the result from the comparison, this study produced superior factors and inferior factors for each sector. These results are expected to be useful for prioritizing budget allocation by finding out the informatization level of Construction CALS.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1969-1980
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• 2013

The Traffic congestion is caused by the increasing traffic demand. Thus, economic losses have been increasing every year. To solve these problems, car sharing and rental car systems that are equipped with IT technologies emerge. Car sharing has many advantages-the alleviation of the traffic congestion, the saving of maintenance cost for cars, the reduction of car possessiveness, the solution for the hassle of car ownership, for business and personal duty, and the improvement of connectivity between public transportations-. The goal of the car sharing is to achieve low-carbon and eco-friendly transportation. In this study, we review papers related to the car sharing system and the cost system of traffic systems. We estimate the optimal cost of the cloud traffic system that is one of the car sharing services. We suggest a methodology to estimate operational cost and use cost through the analysis of cost system between similar traffic means. The range of the maximum and minimum cost was determined through the comparison and analysis of similar traffic means. Expected demand and the cost that people are willing to pay were estimated through optimized value pricing. The minimum cost per hour that was compared to the cost of rental car was estimated at 5,333 won and the maximum cost per hour that was compared to taxi cost was estimated at 17,700 won. The cost for users was estimated at 6,930 won. The cost of 50% demands was estimated at 6,550won. Future studies should analyze service hours of users, weather, demand pattern and trend and consider them into the cost estimation.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2016

Roads are widely accepted to be as a major cause of habitat fragmentation. The wildlife road-crossing structure is one of the most acceptable alternatives among the solutions to provide connectivity between patches isolated by roads. We investigated noise disturbance, vegetation structure and wildlife crossing and habitation at a wildlife road-crossing structure located at the Jingmaei-Pass in Incheon, Korea, to monitor and evaluate its conservation value and ecological performance and to propose measures for their adaptive management. From the result of noise measurement, the noise disturbance from the road traffic was not properly blocked out at the wildlife crossing structure. The survey results of vegetation structure showed that the early-successional plant species such as Ambrosia trifida, Erigeron annuus, Pueraria lobata, Rosa multiflora invaded widely on the crossing structure. An efficient management of the vegetation should be necessarily considered for the facilitation of vegetation succession and the improvement of animal habitat. The crossing structure was used by limited mammal species: Apodemus agrarius, Nyctereutes procyonoides, Mogera wogura and Sciurus vulgaris coreae as the results of the monitoring using footprints and closed-circuit television. In conclusion, The Jingmaei-Pass wildlife crossing structure is unable to function properly as a biological corridor because of the interference of noise and flourishing disturbed vegetation. Therefore, proper alternatives are required for improving animal habitats and mobile environments to enhance the ecological function of a wildlife corridor.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1987

This experiment was conducted to study the most economical and effective dietary protein level and feeding regimes in the performance of broilers. Four kinds of dietary protein level (25, 23, 20 and 18%) were prepared for this experiment. This experiment was carried on for 7 weeks and the results were shown as follows; 1. Increasing the dietary protein level resulted in a significant increase in the body weight gains (P〈0.05). 2. With a higher level of the dietary protein, the feed intake tended to be increased and the feed efficiency had same trends. 3. Increasing the dietary protein level resulted in a significant increase in the protein requirement per kg body weight gains (P〈0.05). 4. Viabilities were not affected by the different dietary protein levels. 5. The highest income had attained in the highest level of protein supplement, and the middle level of protein supplement was not higher than the lowest one. Conclusively, the highest level of protein supplement was considered to be adequate for the broiler's productiveity and income.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.40-46
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• 2010

In this study, the integrated control and safety management system for a super-large LNG membrane storage tank has been presented based on the investigation and analysis of measuring equipments and safety analysis system for a conventional LNG membrane storage tank. The integrated control and safety management system, which may increase a safety and efficiency of a super-large LNG membrane storage tank, added additional pressure gauges and new displacement/force sensors at the steel anchor between an inner tank and a prestressed concrete structure. The displacement and force sensors may provide clues of a membrane panel failure and a LNG leakage from the inner tank. The conventional leak sensor may not provide proper information on the membrane panel fracture even though LNG is leaked until the leak detector, which is placed at the insulation area behind an inner tank, send a warning signal. Thus, the new integrated control and safety management system is to collect and analyze the temperature, pressure, displacement, force and LNG density, which are related to the tank system safety and leakage control from the inner tank. The digital data are also measured from measurement systems such as displacement and force of a membrane panel safety, LNG level and density, cool-down process, leakage, and pressure controls.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2008

This study proposed the method of phosphate recovery from municipal wastewater by using ferrous iron waste, generated from the mechanical process in the steel industry. In the analysis of XRD, ferrous iron waste was composed of $Fe_3O_4$ (magnetite), practically with $Fe^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$. It had inverse spinel structure. In order to identify the adsorption characteristic of phosphate on ferrous iron waste, isotherm adsorption test was designed. Experimental results were well analyzed by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm theories. Empirical constants of all isotherms applied increased with alkalinity in the samples, ranging from 1.2 to 235 $CaCO_3/L$. In the regeneration test, empirical constants of Langmuir isotherm, i.e., $q_{max}$ (maximum adsorption capacity) and b (energy of adsorption) decreased as the frequency of regeneration was increased. Experiment was further performed to evaluate the performance of the treatment scheme of chemical precipitation by ferrous iron waste followed by biological aerated filter (BAF). The overall removal efficiency in the system increased up to 80% and 90% for total phosphate (TP) and soluble phosphate (SP), respectively, and the corresponding effluent concentrations were detected below 2 mg/L and 1 mg/L for TP and SP, respectively. However, short-circuit problem was still unsolved operational consideration in this system. The practical concept applied in this study will give potential benefits in achieving environmentally sound wastewater treatment as well as environmentally compatible waste disposal in terms of closed substance cycle waste management.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.317-334
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• 2008

Port industry has achieved a remarkable growth with a help from increase in container shipment and above all, transshipment that reflects international competitive power of Port industry amounts to 36% of the national harbor shipment. Therefore, this study speculates the impact of Port industry on national economy using the inter-industry relation table. As it considers the reason why international competitive power in Port facilities decreased as absence of investment, it is to present an effective investment plan for Port industry. Though Port industry as one of main national key industries play an important role in production of national economy, it has been evaluated as having relatively less importance. And when Port industry is managed independently, relying on foreign countries without improvement, price increase due to improper agreement of foreign enterprises and problems relating to securing safe transportational vehicles will have tremendous impact on national economy. And they should try to create added-value and support re-export of the exported and imported shipment through their processing and packaging by making Port zones bonded area. production of national economy, it has been evaluated as having relatively less importance. And when Port industry is managed independently, relying on foreign countries without improvement, price increase due to improper agreement of foreign enterprises and problems relating to securing safe transportational vehicles will have tremendous impact on national economy. And they should try to create added-value and support re-export of the exported and imported shipment through their processing and packaging by making Port zones bonded area.