• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of corneal eccentricity on the axial rotation when wearing toric soft contact lenses were worn for certain time and changing the gaze directions. Methods: Toric soft contact lenses with double thin zone design applied on 85 of with-the-rule astigmatic eyes. Then, rotational direction and amount of contact lenses were measured after 15 minutes and 6 hours of lens wear. The difference was further compared and analyzed according to corneal eccentricity. Results: The rotation of toric lens showed a tendency to rotate to temporal direction in all gaze directions except temporal-upper direction in all groups of corneal eccentricity. The amount of lens rotation in the frontal gaze direction exhibited a negative correlation since the amount was decreased with increasing corneal eccentricity after both 15 minutes and 6 hours of lens wearing. In many cases, the cornea with small eccentricity also showed the lens rotation larger than $10^{\circ}$. The difference in rotational amount after 15 minutes of toric lens wear was small according to the corneal eccentricity however, the change of rotational amount of contact lens according to corneal eccentricity was shown after 6 hours of lens wear. Conclusions: The present study revealed that the amount of axial rotation was largely varied according to the wearer's corneal eccentricity when wearing toric lens and the rotational amount after certain time of lens was also affected by corneal eccentricity. Thus, it is suggested that the selection of toric soft contact lenses based on corneal eccentricity is necessary.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2003.07b
• /
• pp.924-926
• /
• 2003

단상 전원에 의해 기동 및 운전되는 영구 자석형 동기전동기는 일반 단상 유도전동기에 매우 높은 효율을 갖게 되지만, 회전방향을 정하기가 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 커패시터를 사용하는 커패시터 운전 유도 전동기와 같은 구조에 회전자를 영구자석을 사용하는 경우에 대하여 연구하였다. 즉, 회전자 조건에 따른 기동 조건을 계산하고, 이로부터 회전방향을 결정할 수 있어 고효율로 팬부하와 같은 기동토크가 작은 부하에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.507-516
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rotational preference on body stability based on COP and EMG analysis in an quiet standing after turn in the left and right directions. The subjects of this study were 16 subjects with a high lateral preference for the right hand and foot. The subjects of this study were 16 subjects with high unilateral preference for the right hand and foot, and three rotational direction conditions (QS: quiet standing, LT: 10 turns on the left, RT: 10 turns on the right) were performed. In order to evaluate the stability in an quiet standing after turning, the results were derived and analyzed using a COP plate and an EMG. As a result of the study, LT and RT were larger than QS for all COP variables, but there was no difference according to the direction of turning. In EMG, RT showed larger muscle activity than the QS according to the rotational direction in left and right gastrocnemius. In conclusion, although all subjects had a high right lateral preference, there was no effect of rotational preference in COP, and gastrocnemius showed the effect of rotational preference.

• Geotechnical Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.5-20
• /
• 1991

동하중을 받는 진동기계기초의 동적해석을 수행하기 위해서는 지반의 임피던스함수의 적절한 산 출이 필수적이며, 회전기계 -기초 -지반의 상호작용이 고려된 동적해석이 요구된다. 이제까지 지 반의 임퍼던스함수는 주로 원형기초에 한하여 제시되어 왔으나, 기초의 형상은 실제로 지반의 임퍼 던스함수에 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 여러가지 형상 및 매립된 기초에 적용할 수 있는 임퍼던스함수를 제시하였다. 그리고, 제시된 임퍼던스함수를 바탕으로, 회전기계 -기초- 지반의 상호작용이 고려된 동적해석을 수행할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하였으며, 개발된 프로그램 을 이용하여 예제해석을 통하여 각종 임피던스함수의 적용에 따른 기계기초의 응답을 비교 검토하였다. 본 연구의 주된 결론은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1) 주파수독립 임퍼던스함수와 주파수종속 임피던스함수를 이용한 결과를 비교해 볼 때,수평방 향과 회전방향에 대해서는 동적응답이 커다란 차이를 보이지 않으나, 연직방향 운동에 대해서는 상 당한 차이를 보인다. 2) 표면기초와 매립기초를 비교해 본 결과, 매립기초에 있어서 수평방향과 회전방향에 있어서는 동적응답이 거의 일정한 간에 도달하므로 기초가 어느 정도 매립된다면 안전측에 들어간다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나, 연직방향에 있어서는 매립여부에 따라 상당한 차이를 보인다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.445-454
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of tear volume on a change of axial rotation according to wearing time of toric soft contact lens and gaze directions. Method: Toric soft contact lenses with double thin zone design applied on 62 eyes. Then, changes in non invasive tear film break-up time and the rotational direction/amount of lens when changing gaze direction were respectively measured after 15 minutes and 6 hours of lens wear. Results: Lens rotation to temporal direction was more found when changing gaze direction after lens wear. However, its rotation was varied according to wearing time and the subjects' tear volume. Furthermore, the frequency of lens rotation to temporal direction was higher in dry eyes compared with normal eyes at nearly all gaze directions after 15 minutes and 6 hour of lens wear. The rotational amount of lens was generally greater in dry eyes after 15 minutes of lens wear. However, its difference between normal eyes and dry eyes was not great after 6 hours of lens wear. Conclusion: The present study revealed that axial rotation of toric soft contact lens was varied according to the wearer's tear volume and lens rotational patterns at the initial, and extending periods of lens wear were different. The change in rotational pattern of toric soft contact lens from these results means the possibility of visual change after extending lens wear, and the identification of its correlation with tear volume suggests the necessity of considering factors for choosing appropriate toric soft contact lens.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 1996

Purpose: The purposes of this paper are to develop a theoretical basis that the beam directions should be considered when the mechanical accuracy of teletherapy machine is evaluated by the star pattern test, to develop methods using asymmetric field in length to simulate beam direction for the case that beam direction does not appear on film. Method: In evaluating mechanical rotational accuracy of the gantry of teletherapy unit by the star pattern test, the direction of radiation beams was considered. A star pattern using some narrow beams was made. Density profiles at 10cm far from estimated gantry axis on the star pattern were measured using an optical densitometer. On each profile, one coordimate of a beam axis was determined. A pair of coordinates on a beam axis form an equation of the axis. Assume that a unit vector equation omitted is with same direction as radiation beam and a vector equation omitted is a vector directing to the beam axis from the estimated gantry axis. Then, a vector product equation omitted ${\times}$ equation omitted is an area vector of which the absolute value is equal to the distance from the estimated gantry axis to the beam axis. The coordinate of gantry axis was obtained by using least-square method for the area vectors relative to the average of whole area vectors. For the axis, the maximum of absolute value of area vectors would be an accuracy of the gantry rotation axis. For the evaluation of mechanical accuracies of collimator and couch axes for which beam direction could not be depicted on a star pattern test film, narrow beams asymmetric in field length was used to simulate beam direction. Result: For a star test pattern to evaluate the mechanical accuracy of rotational axes of a telectherapy machine, the result considering beam direction was different from that ignoring beam direction. For the evaluation of mechanical accuracies of collimator and couch axes by means of a star pattern test, narrow asymmetric beams could simulate beam direction. Conclusion: When a star pattern test is used to evaluate the mechanical accuracy of a teletherapy unit, beam direction must be considered or simulated, and quantitatively evaluated.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.280-289
• /
• 1997

The measure of motor speed using encoder is difficult to detect accurate speed and direction in very low speed because the intervals between an encoder pulse and pulse are long. So various speed estimation techniques were proposed to have the good dynamic performance in low speed. And direction detection is so important as speed measurement in very low speed. But because the conventional direction detection circuit check the direction only 1 time in 1 period of each encoder pulses, so it has long delayed detection time in very low speed, thus accurate detection of direction is difficult. In this paper, we propose a 2 way edge detection method which can detect at the rising and filling edge of each encoder pulses. So it can check the direction 4 times in 1 period of each encoder pulses. Therefore if we use proposed method, we can reduce the detection time as 1/4 than that of conventional circuit and can detect more accurate speed and direction. And computer simulation and experiment is performed to verify the perfomance and effect of proposed circuit and we analyze it's results by comparing with that of conventional circuit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2016.02a
• /
• pp.227.2-227.2
• /
• 2016

환형 전자 빔이 진행됨에 따라 표면파의 전단 유동에 의해 발생 및 진행되는 diocotron instability(다이오코트론 불안정성)를 안정시키기 위해, 나선형 자기장이 인가된 상황을 2차원 PIC 시뮬레이션을 통해 구현하고 그 효과에 대한 조사가 수행되었다. 나선형 자기장은 2차원 단면 상에서 회전하는 자기장으로 표현되었고, 이에 대해서 자기장이 회전하는 각도와 회전 주기, 회전 방향을 변수로 하여 그 효과를 나타내었다. 결과적으로, 자기장이 회전 하는 방향과 전자 빔이 회전하는 방향이 반대가 되었을 때, diocotron instability가 진정되는 효과를 얻었으며 이는 불안정성의 근원인 전단 유동을 완화시킴으로써 얻어진 결과임이 확인되었다. 이 때, 동반되는 밀도 분산 현상에 대해서도 고려가 되었고, 결론적으로 인가되는 나선형 자기장에 대하여 가장 적절한 조건에 대한 조사가 수행되었다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.189-198
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The present has analyzed the correlation between the direction of lens and the amount of rotation upon soft toric contact lens fitting after classifying the corneal astigmatism. Methods: Soft toric contact lens was fitted on 114 with-the-rule astigmatic eyes with total astigmatism of at least -0.75 D in their 20s and 30s according to the fitting guideline of the manufacturer and the correlation between the astigmatic degree and the rotational direction/amount of rotation was analyzed by when keeping the eyes on the front and by changing the direction of gaze. As for re-orientation movement. The speed of lens re-orientation and total amount of lens rotation was compared and analyzed by corneal astigmatism after mis-location of lens of $45^{\circ}$ to temporal and nasal direction, respectively. Results: The positive correlations were shown between corneal astigmatism and the direction of lens rotation and between corneal astigmatism and the amount of lens rotation. Meanwhile, the amount of lens rotation was different by the direction of gaze however, there was no correlation with corneal astigmatism. The speed of lens re-orientation was fastest in the group of high astigmatic degree when the lens was mis-located to both temporal and nasal directions. Conclusions: For optimal axis stabilization of toric soft lens, it is proposed that the adjustment of fitting guideline considering corneal astigmatism is necessary since the current fitting guideline is only based on total astigmatism.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.305-313
• /
• 2014

Purpose: A correlation between the rotating direction and rotation amount according to the eccentricity was analyzed in the present study when fitting the toric soft contact lens. Methods: One hundred fourteen eyes of with-the-rule astigmatism in 20s and 30s were appropriately applied toric soft contact lens by the guideline of manufacturer and fitting evaluations and analyzed the rotating direction and rotation amount when fixating at primary position and 8 different directions of gaze. The speed of reorientation and the correlation between the rotation amount and cornea eccentricity were also analyzed when rotating $45^{\circ}$ each toward the temporal and nasal direction. Results: The cornea eccentricity and rotation amount was shown positive correlation. For the gaze of direction, it was identified that the gaze of directions other than the gaze of direction towards the nasal and temporal had correlation, and among them, the gaze of directions to superior and the superior-temporal showed the tendency of decreasing rotation amount as the cornea eccentricity increased. On the contrary, the gaze of direction towards the inferior, inferior-temporal, superior-nasal, and inferior-nasal showed tendency of increasing rotation amount as the cornea eccentricity increased thus, it was identified that the cornea eccentricity showed different correlation according to the gaze of direction. For the case of re-orientational speed, the speed of lens reorientation in the group having the smallest corneal eccentricity was fastest in both direction but was not significantly different. Conclusions: Considering cornea eccentricity to current method of prescribing toric soft contact lens which is based on total astigmatism, it will be helpful to establish the optimal axis stabilization.