• 제목/요약/키워드: 황산 암모늄

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Oxygen Index of Fire-Retardant-Treated Plywood in Burning Test (산소지수법(酸素指數法)에 의한 내화처리합판(耐火處理合板)의 연소시험(燃燒試驗))

  • Lee, Phil Woo;Eom, Young Geun;Kim, Hyun Joong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.78 no.4
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    • pp.419-424
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    • 1989
  • To obtain relative effectiveness in fire resistance among fire retardant chemicals, oxygen indices were determined for 3.5 mm thick, three-ply, meranti plywoods, treated with 5 commercial chemicals and water and then press-dried, through Up and Down method following oxygen index test of ASTM D 2863-77. The oxygen indices obtained were 28.4 for ammonium sulfate, 26.9 for monoammonium phosphate, 43.4 for diammonium phosphate, 30.1 for borax-boric acid, 32.4 for minalith, and 25.5 for water. Therefore, diammonium phosphate was found to rank first in fire-retardant effectiveness, followed by minalith, borax-boric acid, ammonium sulfate, and monoammonium phosphate in turn, judging from the fact that highly flammable materials are likely to have a low oxygen index.

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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Rice Plants and Chemical Properties of Paddy Soil (질소질(窒素質) 비종(肥種)이 수도(水稻)의 생육(生育)과 양분흡수(養分吸收) 및 토양(土壤)의 화학적(化學的) 성질(性質)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Lim, Sun-Uk;Kim, You-Hak
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.232-241
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    • 1984
  • For the purpose of investigating the effect of chemical composition of nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate(dibasic) and aqua-ammonia on growth, yield, efficiency and chemical properties of paddy soil this study was carried out at the same nitrogen concentration through field experiment. The results obtained was summarized as follows. 1. Nitrogenous fertilizers had an effect on plant height at heading stage, plant weight at harvest and No. of spikelet per panicle of rice plants in decreasing order: Ammonium sulfate > Diammonium phosphate > Urea > Ammonia water. But they didn't effect on culm length, spike length, dry matter weight, No. of grain per spike, ripening ratio and weight of 1000 grains of rice plants. 2. The absorbed amount of nitrogen and that of sulfur and nitrogen availability were highest in ammonium sulfate application and lowest in ammonia water application and these were positively correlated with yield. 3. The influence of nitrogenous fertilizers on nitrogen and sulfur efficiency and translocation efficiency was insignificant but that of ammonium sulfate on nitrogen efficiency was higher than that of the others. 4. The effect of nitrogenous fertilizers on a basic chemical properties of paddy soil experimented such as pH, C.E.C, exchangeable cation and organic matter was insignificant. But the sulfur content of ammonium sulfate application and phosphorous content of diammonium phosphate application were higher than that of the others.

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Study on Coagulant Application for Calcium Ammonium Nitrate Extraction of Denitrification Scrubber Waste Cleaning Solution (탈질 스크러버 폐 세정액에 포함된 질안석회 추출을 위한 응집제 적용 연구)

  • Lee, Hyun Suk;Song, Woon Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.289-295
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    • 2017
  • The International Maritime Organization (IMO) in accordance with the regulations with respect to the combustion gases, such as NOx, SOx generated by the marine engine. The combustion gases must be equipped with a device to reduce emissions from all ships passing through the Baltic SECAs. In Korea, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the development of a device for NOx, SOx reduction. Scrubber is used in the ammonia water and the Urea solution in the waste water. The waste water containing ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, react of the NOx and SOx gas. In this study, the recovery of by-product, which contains the waste water was used as an organic solvent extraction method of salting out. Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, the recovery process. A qualitative analysis of the collected by-product FT-IR analysis. Through the elemental analysis and SEM-EDS, characteristic evaluation was performed with an impurity.

Sulfating Reaction of Coal Fly Ash and Microwave Extraction of Aluminum Ions (석탄회의 황산화반응과 알루미늄이온의 마이크로파 추출)

  • 박영증;박영민;양태영;윤석영;박홍채
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.40 no.9
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    • pp.897-901
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    • 2003
  • The sulfating reaction of coal fly ash with ammonium sulfate and the microwave extraction of aluminum ions from the resultant materials using sulfuric acid have been investigated. The (NH$_4$)$_3$Al(SO$_4$)$_3$ formed by the reaction of coal fly ash and ammonium sulfate decomposed to NH$_4$Al(SO$_4$)$_2$ at $\geq$ 350$^{\circ}C$. The maximum efficiency of aluminum ions extracted from the sulfating reaction product (400$^{\circ}C$, 120 min) by microwave heating (90$^{\circ}C$, 240 min) using 1 M H$_2$SO$_4$ was 84% (based on Al content in coal fly ash) but 77% by conventional heating at same condition.

Manufacture of $\alpha-Al_2O_3$ from aluminous Shale (반토혈암으로부터 $\alpha-Al_2O_3$제조에 관한 연구)

  • 한오형;마동철;최경수
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.21-26
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    • 1994
  • In present study an attempt has been made to extract the high purity $Al_2O_3$from domestic aluminous shale. The processes of the salt roasting with ammonium sulfate, extraction with sulfuric acid and calcination were adopted. In the extraction of alumina, the effects of the sulfuric acid concentration, the reaction time and the temperature has been investigated. The reaction products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, DTA-TG, chemical analysis and SEM. The results are summerized as follows: 1)The pretreatment conditions were 0.6M-$(NH_4)_2SO_4$and $650^{\circ}C$ in sintering temperature. 2) The optimum extraction conditions were $10%-H_2SO_4$ and 240 minutes in acid treating time. 3)Physical properties of sintering materials were confirmed as $\alpha-Al_2O_3$ by X-ray diffraction method and the purity of $\alpha-Al_2O_3$ was 99.23%.

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Extraction of nitrate salts from de-NOx waste scrubbing solution (탈질 스크러버의 폐세정액으로부터 질산염 추출 연구)

  • Kim, Wooram;Ha, Taeyoung;Park, Yeonsoo;Lee, Hyunsuk;Jo, Youngmin
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.210-216
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    • 2017
  • Recovery of low level nitric acid and sulfuric acid ions, which were contained in wastewater of a wet scrubber for de-NOx and de-SOx from ship engines, was attempted as fertilizing materials. This study utilized a selective extraction method using four organic solvents to precipitate the solid salts of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate. The IR analysis showed almost same composition of the extracted ammonium salts with a commercial product, and recovery rate of nitrogen and sulfuric ions was 89% and 80% respectively. It was found that the selectivity and solubility consequently could be the crucial factors to recover the low level ions from the waste scrubbing water.

Effect of pH Adjustment by Adding Sulphuric Acid on Chemical Properties in Aerobic Liquefying Process of Co-Digestate of Swine Manure and Apple Pomace (돈분과 사과착즙박의 혼합 혐기소화액의 황산첨가 pH 조절이 호기성 액비화과정에서의 화학적 특성 변화)

  • Ryoo, Jong-Won
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.5-14
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    • 2020
  • This study aims to survey the effect of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) treatment for pH adjustment with 6.5 and 7.0 regarding ammonia volatilization on chemical content change in the aerobic liquefying process of co-digesate swine manure and apple pomace. The digestates of swine manure was aerated with 0.3 ㎥ air/㎥·min for 60 days. The untreated digestate showed the increased pH and decreased contents of electrical conductivity (EC) and total nitrogen (T-N). The untreated digestate had a high concentration of NH3 with 172.6 mg/L, but, ammonia (NH3) concentration of H2SO4-treated digestate was significantly lower than that of untreated digestate. The H2SO4-untreated digestate for retaining aeration showed a decreased concentration of 47.2% of ammonium nitrogen. While, the H2SO4-treated digestate had a high concentration of ammonium nitrogen compared to the untreated digestate. Also, the H2SO4 treatment affected to increase the contents of nitrogen and phosphoric acid content. Therefore, the pH adjustment with H2SO4 might be a useful method for the decreased ammonia concentration and nitrogen maintenance in the aerobic liquefying process of swine manure digesate.

Studies on Press Drying of Fire-Retardant Treated Plywood (내화처리합판(耐火處理合板)의 열판건조(熱板乾燥)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Jong Man
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.56 no.1
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    • pp.1-25
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    • 1982
  • Plywood used for construction as a decorative inner material is inflammable and can cause fire accidents. causing destruction of human life and property. To diminish the fire disaster, fire retardant plywood is indeed required. In the methods of manufacturing the fire retardant plywood, a soaking method is occasionally used. However after soaking plywood into fire retardant chemical solutions redrying of soaked plywood is of the utmost importance. In this study 3.5mm and 5.0mm thickness plywoods were selected for fire retardant treatment. Treating solutions were prepared for 20% dilute solutions of ammonium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, borax-boric acid minalith, and water solution, 1-, 3-, 6-, and 9 hour-soaking treatments in borax-boric acid and minalith, and 6- and 9 hours in the other chemicals were applied and after the treatment hot drying was applied to treated plywoods at $90^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$ and $150^{\circ}C$ of press temperature. Drying rates, drying curves, water absorption rates of fire retardant chemicals, weight per volume and fire retardant degree of plywood were investigated. The results may be summarized as follows: 1) In the 9 hours-soaking treatment of fire retardants by hot and cold bath method, the chemical retentions of 3.5mm thickness plywood could be attained within the range ($1.125-2.25kg/(30cm)^3$) of minimum retention specification as follows: $1.353kg/(30cm)^3$ in monoammonium phosphate, $1.331kg/(30cm)^3$ in diammonium phosphate, $1.263kg/(30cm)^3$ in ammonium sulfate, $1.226kg/(30cm)^3$ in borax-boric acid. But the chemical retention, $0.906kg/(30cm)^3$, in minalith could not be attained within the range of minimum retention specification. And also in case of 5.0mm thickness plywood, chemical retentions, as $1.356kg/(30cm)^3$ and $1.166kg/(30cm)^3$ respectively, of ammonium sulfate and diammonium phosphate could be attained within the range minimum retention specification, but the other fire retardant chemicals could not. 2) In the 6- and - hours-soaking treatments of 3.5mm and 5.0mm thickness plywood, the drying curve sloped of chemical treated plywood was smaller than that of water treated. The drying rate related to thickness of treated plywood, was about three times as fast in 3.5mm thickness plywood compared with 5.0mm thickness plywood. 3) In the treatment at $120^{\circ}C$ of hot platen temperature, the drying rates of chemical-treated plywood showed the highest quantity in diammonium phosphate of 3.5mm and 5.0mm thickness plywood. But the drying rate of water treated plywood was highest during the 6- and 9 hours-soaking treatments. 4) The drying rate remarkably increased with proportion to increase of the platen temperature, and the values were respectively 1.23%/min., 6.54%/min., 25.75%/min. in hot platen temperature of $90^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$, $150^{\circ}C$ in 3.5mm thickness plywood and 0.55%.min., 2.49%/min., 8.19%/min. in hot platen temperature of $90^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$, $150^{\circ}C$ in 5.0mm thickness plywood. 5) In the fire retardant degree of chemical treated plywood, the loss in weight was the smallest in diammonium phosphate, next was in monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate, and the greatest was in borax-boric acid and minalith. And the fire-retardant effect in burning time, flame-exhausted time and carbonized area were greatest in diammouniun phosphate, next were in monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate, and the weakest were in borax-boric acid and minalith.

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The Effect of Strawberry Compound Fertilizer, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Sulphate and Ammonium Nitrate on the Yield and Quality of Strawberry (딸기복비(複肥), 염화가리(鹽化加里), 황산가리(黃酸加里) 및 질산(窒酸)암모늄이 딸기의 수량(收量)과 품질(品質)에 미친 영향(影響))

  • Oh, Wang-Keun
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.9-13
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    • 1986
  • An experiment on strawberry (Fragaria Grandflora EHRH) was conducted in order to compare the effect of two compound fertilizers made for this crop, by Kyonggi Chemical Crop. LTD. with that of muriate of potash, sulfate of potash and ammonium nitrate in a farmer's vinylhouse during the winter period of 1984 to 1985. Results obtained are as follows; 1. The effect of compound fertilizers on the growth, number of inflorescences and yield of strawberry showed no significant difference from the effect of muriate of potash, sulfate of potash and ammonium nitrate. But the former increased the content of reduced, and total sugars soluble in diluted acid in the juice of strawberry. 2. As a whole, sulfate of potash increased sugar content in strawberry juice more than muriate of potash, which became the reason to increase the sugar content in the strawberry juice harvested from the compound fertilizer plots.

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