• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.340-348
• /
• 2015

Removal efficiency of PCBs in contaminated marine sediments treated by Fenton-like oxidation combined with surfactant was investigated in this research in order to achieve remediation of PCBs. A washing treatment using various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (1% and 15%) and surfactants (Triton X-100, Tween 60 and Tween 80) was evaluated at various conditions in laboratory scale experiments. The mean removal efficiencies of tPCBs varied from 24.1 to 46.7% in the sediments for 1 hour duration of the treatments. The concentration of tPCBs in contaminated marine sediments after the simultaneous treatment with hydrogen peroxide and surfactant satisfied the domestic environmental standards for the beneficial use of sediments. When suitable surfactant was used for Fenton-like oxidation, the removal efficiency of tPCBs at low concentration of hydrogen peroxide was similar to that at high hydrogen peroxide concentration. Thus the efficient removal of PCBs in contaminated marine sediments could be achieved through treatment with Fenton-like oxidation combined with surfactant washing.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.737-741
• /
• 1999

Phenanthrene degrading bacteria were isolated from the petroleum contaminated soil near an oil tank. Four of 15 strains decreased surface tension of culture broth of phenanthrene-containing minimal media. H6, one of the isolated bacteria decreased surface tension of culture broth below 33 dyne/cm during growth on glucose. H6 was identified as Bacillus subtilis and biosurfactant produced by H6 was lipopeptide. The biosurfactant was produced at 0.13 g/L in the mineral medium containing 2% glucose. Critical micelle concentration(CMC) of the biosurfactant was 52 mg/L. Foaming power was similar to Tween 80 and dispersing power was superior to Tween 80m SDS and Brij30. High thermal stability and emulsion index were also observed.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.36-43
• /
• 2003

Feasibility of micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration far the removal of nitrate was investigated using cationic surfactants, cetylpyridinium chloride and octadecylamine acetate. The removal of nitrate increased as the molar ratio of surfactant increased. With the molar ratio of 3, at least 80% of nitrate was removed, while > 98% of nitrate was removed at the surfactant molar ratio of 10. Octadecylamine acetate showed higher removal efficiency of nitrate and higher rejection of surfactant than cetylpyridinium chloride because of the accessibility of nitrate to surfactant micelles due to head group of surfactant. Octadecylamine acetate turned out to be a better surfactant than cetylpyridinium chloride for micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration to remove nitrate from groundwater.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2009

In this study, asphalt emulsion was manufactured by phase inversion emulsification method with nonionic surfactants(Span 80, Span 60, Tween 80, and Tween 60), anionic surfactant(SLS) and cationic surfactant(Imidazole) in different feeding ratio to make up for the week points of asphalt. Its stabilization was carefully investigated with respect to droplet size, viscosity, zeta potential, and water-proofing property. When the surfactants mixed with nonionic and anionic surfactant were used into the asphalt, a stabilization of the asphalt emulsion was good. As the amount of the mixed surfactant was increased, the droplet size of asphalt emulsion were decreased, while the viscosity and zeta potential were increased. When the surfactants mixed with nonionic and anionic surfactant were used into the asphalt, a stabilization of asphalt emulsion was good.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 1995

As the surfactants that were used in micellar reaction, emulsion polymerization and phase-transfer reaction etc. have the problems, the cleavable surfactant that was converted to inactive compound after such as the reaction was synthesized to above 90% yield. And this surfactant and intermediates were separated through thin layer chromatography and column chromatatography and their molecular structures were confirmed from IR. $^{1}H$-NMR and elementary analysis spectra. And its surface-active properties and acid hydrolysis will be serialized in II.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.443-448
• /
• 2011

The propellant has a short shelf-life because of nitrogen oxides that were released from nitrocellulose decomposition. As-received and surface-modified ACFs were applied to remove the nitrogen oxides with intend to extend the shelf-life of propellant. The specific surface area of modified ACFs was slightly decreased but nitrogen function groups such as pyridine, pyridone and pyrrol were created on the surface of ACFs. As a result, the NO removal capacity of the surface-modified ACF by propellant waste increased about twice than that of the as-received ACF. The shelf-life of propellant was extended about 1.25 times by accompanying surface-modified ACF.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2001.09a
• /
• pp.176-179
• /
• 2001

비 수용성 유기오염물(NAPL; non-aqueous phase liquid)로 오염된 불균질 토양을 계면활 성제를 이용하여 정화할 경우 효율성을 알아보기 위해 칼럼 및 박스 실험을 실시하였다. 불 균질한 지하 내부구조는 정화효과에 커다란 영향을 끼치는 것으로 알려져 있으나 이에 대한 연구는 매우 미비한 형편이다. 2차원 불균질 분포를 잘 나타내주는 박스실험을 통하여 실제 지하매질에 가까운 조건에서 실험을 실시하였다. PCE(tetrachloroethylene)와 xylene이 NAPL로 올리에마이드(01eamide)가 비이온-계면활성제로 이용되었으며, 1%용액과 증류수를 주입하여 NAPL을 세정하였고 가스크로마토그래피를 이용하여 NAPL의 농도를 분석하였다. 계면활성제를 주입할 경우가 증류수를 주입할 때보다 최대유출농도가 약 200배 정도가 높게 나타났으며 빠른 시간 내에 대부분의 NAPL이 정화되었다. 본 실험을 통하여, 불균질 매질에서의 계면활성제를 이용한 토양세정방법의 효율성이 정량화 되었으며, 계면활성제를 이용한 채수주입법의 현장 적용가능성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.33 no.12
• /
• pp.1965-1970
• /
• 2009

This study examined the effect of surfactant pretreatment on the pectinase-treated cotton/chitosan blends by weight loss and properties such as water absorbency, dyeability, tensile strength, pilling property, and surface morphology. The weight loss of cotton/chitosan blends was 1.5% by the surfactant pretreatment/pectinase treatment. The water absorbency and dyeability of samples showed a significant improvement by the surfactant pretreatment/pectinase treatment. The tensile strength and pilling property of treated fabrics showed no change. The water absorbency and dyeability of pectinase treated samples improved with the pretreatment of the surfactant without damaging the fibers.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.417-422
• /
• 2001

Sutfactants may be used in remediation of subsoil and aquifer contaminated with hydrophobic compounds. The objectives of this study were to select potentially suitable sUlfactants that solubilize toluene present as a contaminant and to determine the effectiveness of toluene removal from Ottawa sand by the selected surfactants. Material used as the model soil was Ottawa sand and the organic used as model contaminant was toluene. Used experimental methods were separatory funnel experiment and shaker table agitation/centrifugation experiments. Based on the experimental results, the following conclusions were drawn; t) In the surfactant selection, six different surfactants were chosen based on surfactant types, toxicity, and water solubility. These six were focused into two on the basis of HLB and surface tension study, separatory funnel experiment, shaker table and centrifugation experiments. The two most suitable surfactants were Sandopan JA36 (an anionic surfactant), and Pluronic L44 (a non-ionic surfactant). 2) In the shaker table agitation and centrifugation experiments, the highest recovery of the toluene was 96% which was obtained with one surfactant wash plus two water rinses using an anionic surfactant (Sandopan JA36).

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and detergency of natural surfactants for the cleaning of excavated fabrics. For this purpose, SDS, a synthetic surfactant, was selected as the control, and five types of natural surfactants, namely, LES, apple wash, tea saponin, cornacopa, and coco betaine were selected. The structures of the surfactants were confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy analysis, and the characteristics of the surfactants were determined by measuring the pH and surface tension. In addition, detergency testing was carried out on four artificially soiled fabrics and fragments of excavated fabrics. From the results, apple wash, tea saponin, and cornacopa were found to be as good as SDS in terms of detergency in the cleaning of artificially soiled fabrics, and the detergency of tea saponin and coco betaine was found to be good for cleaning excavated fabrics. Therefore, considering the safety and detergency of detergents, among natural surfactants, tea saponin is found to be most suitable for the cleaning of excavated fabrics.