• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.333-343
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• 2004

Impression cytology refers to application of cellulose acetate filter material to the ocular surface to remove the superficial layers of the conjunctival epithelium. The technique is non-invasive, is easy to perform, causes minimal discomfort to the patient, and can be used to follow changes in the conjunctival ocular surface over time. With this method, the morphology of the conjunctival ocular surface can be studied and the degree of squmaous metaplasia assessed. This study was performed to evaluate the conjunctival surface by impression cytology in dry eye patients. A total of 70 students with no contact lens wearing history were recruited. Subjects were required to fill in a McMonnies dry eye symptom questionnaire. The non-invasive tear thinning time(TIT) test of each subject was measured, followed by Schirmer tear test(STI), tear film break-up time(TBUT) tests and Rose-bengal staining were performed as a baseline. Conjunctival epithelial cells from the inferior bulbar conjunctiva were harvested by the impression cytology technique. The specimens collected were labelled and stained with PAS(Periodic Acid Schift)-haematoxylin. The goblet cells and conjunctival epithelial cells were observed under a light microscope of 400x magnification. The specimens were classified according to the Nelson Grading scale which was based on the degree of squamous metaplasia such as changes of goblet cells density, size/form, N:C(nucleus : cytoplasm) ratio. Dry eye patients were observed morphological changes of the epithelial cells, different nuclear alterations, decrease of the goblet cells density. The degree of cytological changes was related to severity of dry eye conditions. When the epithelial cell morphology was graded according to the system described by Nelson, specimens from the control group revealed 91.43% of the eyes to be grade 0 and 8.57% to be grade 1, whereas of the dry eye patients, 20% were grade 0, 42.86% grade 1, 34.29% grade 2 and 2,86% grade 3. Impression cytology represents a non- or minimally invasive biopsy of the ocular surface epithelium with no side effects or contraindications. It has demonstrated to be a useful diagnostic aid for a wide variety of processes involving the ocular surface. This technique is a safe, simple method and may help increase understanding of various ocular surface alterations in dry eye patients.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of minimally invasive arthroscopy-assisted plate removal of a laterally inserted periarticular distal femur plate used for the treatment of AO type-C distal femur fractures. Materials and Methods: From October 2002 to November 2005, we evaluated 17 patients whose plates were removed through minimally invasive arthroscopy-assisted plate-removal technique and 15 patients who got their plates removed through conventional method without using arthroscopy, 32 patients in total. All these patients included in this study initially underwent open reduction and internal fixation of the distal femoral fractures with a lateral plate, and complained of continued pain over the lateral femoral condyle after the fracture fixation. The average age was 42.6 (ranges: 20~66) and initial fracture types included 16 cases of C1, 11 cases of C2, and 5 cases of C3 following AO/ASIF classification guidelines. Measured outcomes included: associated intra-articular pathologies, time needed to return to activities of daily living, patients' overall satisfaction, complications following the removal of hardware, and pain before and 6 months after the operation. Results: The distal-most end of the plate was placed in the knee joint in all cases and damage of the lateral articular capsule was found in 23 cases. Continuous wound discharge after surgery was found in one case who underwent arthroscopy-assisted plate removal, and it was treated by irrigation and re-suture. Average time needed to return to activities of daily living was 7 days in arthroscopy assisted group and 7.6 days in conventionally removed group. Fourteen patients (82.4%) who underwent arthroscopyassisted plate-removal reported above 'fair' satisfaction and the Visual analog scale pain score decreased from 4.9 to 1.9, six months after the plate removal. Thirteen patients(86.7%) who underwent conventional plate removal reported above 'fair' satisfaction and the Visual analog scale pain score decreased from 5.2 to 2.5, six months after the operation. Conclusion: Through minimally invasive arthroscopic-assisted plate removal, intrarticular pathology of the knee joint was able to be simultaneously identified and treated at the time of hardware removal. Damage of lateral capsule of the knee joint caused by the inserted plate for the treatment of type C distal femoral fracture was very frequently found and following the plate removal, patients experienced an improvement in pain score. We therefore recommend routine lateral distal femoral plate removal if the bony union is attained in such cases as type C distal femoral fractures whose distal most end of the plates are located in the joint.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.347-356
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• 2013

Purpose: To evaluate the visual acuity and visual performance after implantation of a aspheric multifocal (ReSTOR$^{(R)}$ SN6AD3) intraocular lens (IOL). Methods: Nineteen cataract patients (30 eyes) implanted with an aspheric multifocal IOL (ReSTOR$^{(R)}$ SN6AD3) either unilaterally or bilaterally were participated. Visual acuity (VA) and objective optical performance were evaluated at the time of preoperation, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 month after operation. At 3 month of post-operation, objective visual performance were measured and compared with the 38 eyes of 20 age-matched normal control. Distance VA was measured by using the ETDRS LCD chart and intermediate and near visual acuity were measured using Jaeger chart. Objective visual performance was assessed preoperatively and 1 week, 1 month and 3 month postoperatively using a double-pass system (Optical Quality Analysis System) with a 4-mm pupil diameter, the OSI (objective scatter index), MTF (modulation transfer function) cut off and strehl ratio. At 3 month of post-operation, visual acuity and visual performance compared with age matched normal control. Results: The uncorrected distance VA, OSI, MTF cut off and strehl ratio were significantly improved (p<0.05) until 1 month postoperatively. Visual performance of MTF cut off and strehl ratio after 3 month of operation were significantly improved compared to the normal control (p=0.063, p=0.103 respectively), however, OSI was higher than normal control. Patients implanted with aspheric multifocal IOL were satisfied with distance and near VA however, were unsatisfied with intermediate VA and reported glare and halos. Conclusions: The visual performance reaches to a stable condition in 1 month of implantation of aspheric multifocal IOL and improved to the level of age-mated normal patients. Also patients were satisfied with their quality of vision, however, intermediate VA, glare and halos were reported as complications.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.512-518
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• 2021

Purpose: This study compared the change in foraminal space on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the clinical outcome after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) versus foraminotomy in cervical foraminal stenosis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted from January 2018 to March 2019 on 186 patients who underwent ACDF and foraminotomy. One hundred and two cases were selected considering age, sex, and body mass index. MRI was performed before and on the 5^th day after surgery to compare the changes in the foraminal diameter between the ACDF group (group A-51) and foraminotomy group (group B-51). Results: Between groups A and B, the average change in foraminal vertical diameter was 1.7 mm and 1.2 mm, respectively; group A was 0.5 mm larger difference (p=0.042). The average change in foraminal transverse diameter was 1.2 mm and 1.8mm, respectively; group B showed a 0.6 mm larger change (p=0.21). Both the neck disability index (NDI) and Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA) scores improved in both groups. Group A showed more improvement, but there was no significant difference (p=0.356, p=0.607, respectively). Conclusion: Foraminotomy is a useful option for patients with foraminal stenosis of the cervical spine because it showed comparable clinical and morphological results to ACDF and could minimize motion segment loss and muscle and ligament damage.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to analyze factors related to xerostomia in adults aged 30 years and over. The data were analyzed using the t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis in the SPSS version 12.0 program. The results were as follow. 1. The respondents who were older than 51 years old, unemployed and had less than 3 million won of average monthly income were more aware of xerostomia (p<0.05). 2. The respondents who answered poor and moderate for their general and oral health and the group with duplicate medication and comorbidity were more aware of xerostomia (p<0.05). 3. The respondents that had problems in chewing, communication, ordinary activities and complained of pain discomfort and suffered from anxiety depression were more aware of xerostomia (p<0.001). 4. The respondents that answered frequent dryness on their skin, eyes, lips, and nasal mucosa were more aware of xerostomia (p<0.001). 5. Xerostomia showed highest correlation with quality of life ($\beta$=0.436) followed by the number of medications ($\beta$=0.239), sense of entire body dryness ($\beta$=0.200), feeling of hopelessness ($\beta$=0.160) and number of oral mucosa disease symptoms ($\beta$=0.099) (p<0.05). According to the results of the study, xerostomia may cause deterioration in quality of life. Thus, it is advised to improve the patient management system among dental professions to prevent various complications caused by xerostomia and conduct regular health education on the cause and management method of xerostomia.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.255-261
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• 2006

The purpose of This study was to survey the present state and prospect of geriatric denture prosthetic dentistry among community dental hygienists in Korea. Questionnaires about the present state and prospect of geriatric denture prosthetic dentistry were distributed to the community dental hygienists in Korea, July 2006. Collected questionnaires from 89 cases were analyzed. All collected data were analyzed using the SPSS program. The significance of differences among groups were assessed using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The results of this study were summarized as follows: The public relations of the geriatric denture prosthetic dentistry were enforced good, mainly by village offices. Appointed dental clinics made a production of full dentures connecting in Korean Dental Association. Above findings suggest that further study about the present state and prospect of geriatric denture prosthetic dentistry is necessary in improving the oral health related quality of life in elders.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.139-144
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• 2007

Radiotherapy which is the most effective for orbit lymphoma has been used increasingly due to the increase of orbit or ocular adnexal tumor patients. Curative effects and convalescence have been being more satisfied thanks to remarkable development of cancer chemotherapy and medical treatments, but side effects such as cataract, dry eye and retinopathy still break out. Thus, in this study, a Lens Shielding Device (LSD hereafter) was designed to prevent occurring of cataract due to radiation therapy for orbit lymphoma and its efficacy through dosimetry were evaluated. And in this paper, its manufacturing process was also explained. LSD is composed of a cover body covering the lens and a side fixing part supporting the cover body. To measure radiation, the patient therapy conditions were simulated and the measurement of the radiation was conducted with Thermo Luminescence Detector (TLD) and Markus chamber. The average TLD value was 5.7% and the TLD value and Markus chamber value were acquired as 4.2% and 5.1% respectively at 6 mm depth where zero lens center was located. Only 1.5Gy ($300Gy{\times}\;5%$) or 5% of total 30Gy with 9 MeV electron beam is estimated to affect on patient's lens. That is smaller dose than the threshold value of cataract (2GY) or the value (5Gy) that was reported to cause cataract in clinical conditions. Thus, these findings suggest that LSD be very useful for prevention of cataract during radiotherapy for malignant lymphoma of orbit and ocular adnexa. Furthermore, it might be possible to reduce patient's discomfort caused by alien substances and to make it easier to fix the device with customized manufacturing manners.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.5 s.88
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• pp.517-523
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• 2001

Titanium miniscrews we being used increasingly as an anchorage for tooth movement, because they ate easy to place and to remove, increase the number of sites available, give minimum strain to patients regarding surgical procedures, and offer uneventful healing alter removal. The use of titanium miniscrews as an orthodontic anchorage has been reported in clinical case reports, but clinicians have experienced screw loosening when using such screws.' To our knowledge, there are no published reports evaluating the stability of miniscrews. Information about the length of miniscrews used in relation to the location is of some importance, as stability will vary depending on bone duality The purpose of this study was to evaluate a variety of Lengths of miniscrews (dimeter: 2mm) which were inserted in maxilla or mandible and to demonstrate in a dog model which miniscrew provides fundamental stability in the jaws. 10 mm long miniscrews in the maxilla and 8mm long: miniscrews in the mandible showed no clinical mobility and retained their position throughout an 8 weeks force (200g) application. The mucosal condition around the screws was healthy in cases in which miniserews were inserted in the alveolar bone between the roots and the head of the screws emerged into the attached gingiva. When the force application was terminated, radiographic analysis revealed neither rent resorption not periodontal pathology around the miniscrews that remained stable during the entire treatment period. This study suggests that if titanium miniscrews with adequate length are properly used depending on the location, they provide sufficient stability for orthodontic anchorage.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.175-180
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• 2008

Traumatic injuries to the primary dentition are commonly encountered problems in dental practice. It is found that 30% of the children had injuries to the primary dentition and 22% to the permanent dentition. The greatest incidence of trauma to the primary dentition occurs at the ages of 2 and 3 as children start to learn motor coordination. Because teeth and alveolar bone are traumatized simultaneously, alveolar bone fractures are likely to occur when multiple teeth are involved in injuries. Dental splints are indicated for the management of maxillofacial fractures. They enable anatomic reduction of fractured segments and help immobilization and maintenance of the fragments after reduction. They also act as a stabilizer during rehabilitation. Various types of dental splints are available. In this case, routine resin-wire splint technique could not be applied because of the child's uncooperative behavior. Oral sedation was not indicated because N.P.O. had not been preceded. Therefore, we decided to use open-cap acrylic splint instead. Stabilization using open cap acrylic splint requires minimum chair time with reduced discomfort to both patient and dentist. It is an effective means of splint for uncooperative children and especially useful when other means of fixation have been failed. Because trauma on the primary dentition can affect the underlying permanent tooth germ, it is important to monitor eruption process of the permanent dentition.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2005

Purpose: To study the mechanism of injuries or discomfort during kendo and to analyze the causes of injury, injured parts of body, treatments modalities, and degree of return to the pre-injury activity level. Materials and Methods: We studied ninety-eight kendo players who had played at three gymnasium of Korean Kumdo Association, were older than high-school age, had been playing kendo for more than six months, and had any pain or discomfort after playing kendo. We analyzed the questionnaire and interviewed the patients concerning the injured parts of body, symptoms, treatments. Results; The mean age was 30.2 years old, and the onset of symptoms was between two weeks and six months after starting the kendo. Many of them were injured during attacking(32.2%). The injuries of feet were increased on players who exercised for less than 1 year. Only fifty-nine players(60.2%) were treated within one month. Among them, thirty-eight percent were treated by oriental medicine or other departments and only thirty-six percent were treated by orthopaedic surgeons. The prevalence of injuries of the foot and ankle was highest(38.8%), and there were the wrist(13.1%), shoulder(11.9%), knee(11.9%) in order of prevalence. Fifty percents of them could return to the pre-injury activity level. Conclusion: The prevalence of injuries of the foot and ankle was highest(38.8%), and were increased on players who exercised for less than 1 year. Sixty percents of players were treated with any proper modalities, and only thirty-six percent were treated by orthopaedic surgeons.