• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.208-209
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• 2005

바나듐 산화물은 반도성-금속성으로 상전이 하는 CTR특성의 대표적인 산화물로 상전이 온도인 68$^{\circ}C$에서 저항의 급변 특성을 보인다. 여기에 Fe, Ni, Mo, Ti, W과 같은 금속성 산화물을 첨가함에 따라 상전이온도를 움직일 수 있다. 그중 $WO_3$를 첨가함으로써 상전이온도를 상온까지 낮출 수 있다. Inorgnic sol-gel 법에 의해 바나듐-텅스텐 sol을 제조 하였으며, 제조된 sol을 기판에 코팅한 후 환원분위기에서 열처리 하여 막을 얻었다. 온도-저항 특성 측정 결과 순수 바나듐 막은 상전이 온도는 68$^{\circ}C$ 전기저항 감소폭은 $10^4$order 이였으나 바나듐-텅스텐막의 상전이 온도는 38$^{\circ}C$, 전기저항 감소폭은 $10_{15}$order 로 감소함을 확인 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.812-818
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• 2004

This study has been undertaken with objective of studying the mechanism and condition of formation of hexagonal boron nitride from reduction of boric okide in the presence of carbon under nitrogen atmosphere. It was found that the formation of hexagonal boron nitride was started at 1400$^{\circ}C$ and almost completed its conversion at 1550$^{\circ}C$. The morphology of boron nitride synthesized in this study was very fine and platelet. It was considered as reaction pathway of hexagonal boron nitride that boron oxide was reduced to born and evaporated by activated carbon, and then it was reacted with nitrogen.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1998

The (Sr$_1$-\ulcorner.Ca\ulcorner)TiO$_3$(0.05 x 0.2) ceramics were fabricated to form semiconducting ceramics by sintering at about 1350[$^{\circ}C$] in a reducing atmosphere($N_2$gas). After being fired in a reducing atmosphere, metal oxides(CuO) was painted on the both surface of the specimens to diffuse to the grain boundary. The capacitance changes slowly and almost linearly in the temperature region of -40~+85[$^{\circ}C$]. The capacitance characteristics appears a stable value within $\pm$10[%]. According to increase of the frequency as a functional of temperature, all specimens used in this study showed the dielectric relaxation, and the relaxation frequency was above 10\ulcorner[Hz]. The capacitance is almost unchanged below about 20[V] but it decrease slowly over 20[V]. The voltage-current characteristics of specimens observed in the temperature range of 25~125[$^{\circ}C$] as the current increased appears that it is due to space charge condensed to interface between grain and grain boundary.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.90-96
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• 1994

본 연구는 에너지를 집중적으로 사용하는 발전소와 대규모 공장 단지에서 발생하는 배기가스 중에 포함된 황산화물의 제거 방법에 관한 것으로서, 활성탄의 적절한 전처리를 통해 이산화황 흡착능을 향상시켜 머지 않은 장래에 엄격히 적용될 대기오염 기준을 만족시킴과 동시에, 오염 물질의 제거 효율이 높고 폐기물 매립의 부담이 없는 건식 탈황 공정의 효율향상에 기여하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. Activated Char나 활성탄을 이용하여 황산화물과 질소산화물을 동시에 제거하기 위해서는 Carbon 표면을 적절하게 처리함으로써 활성탄의 촉매활성을 향상시키는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 활성탄을 열 및 $O_2$-NH$_3$ 혼합가스로 전처리하여 표면의 특성 변화와 SO$_2$ 흡착능에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. Coconut Shell로부터 제조한 활성탄을 NH$_3$의 농도를 변화시켜가며 $O_2$와의 혼합가스로 973~1173K에서 열처리하는 방법에 의해 전처리하여, 이률 고정층 반응기에서 SO$_2$흡착 및 반응실험을 수행하였고, 이 과정 중의 활성탄 표면의 특성변화를 원소분석, TPD(Temperature Programmed Desorption), FTIR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), Acid-Base Titration, SEM(Scanning Electrolic Microscopy)등의 분석 방법을 통해서 알아보았다. 그 결과, 활성탄을 열 및 $O_2$-NH$_3$혼합가스로 처리하여 환원성 분위기 하에서 표면 활성점을 증가시킴으로써 황산화물 흡착제거율이 향상됨을 얻었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 1999

Microstructures and dielectric properties of (Sr$\_$1-x/Ca$\_$x/) TiO$_3$-0.006Nb$_2$O$\_$5/ (0.05$\leq$x$\leq$0.2) boundary layer ceramics were investigated. The samples fired in a reducing atmosphere(N$_2$) were painted on the surface with CuO paste for the subsequent grain boundary diffusion, and then annealed at 1100$^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs. The metal oxide of CuO infiltrated by thermal diffusion from surface of sample presents continuously in not grain but only grain boundary, and makes up thin boundary phase. The SEM photo, and EDAX revealed that CuO was penetrated rapidly into the bulk along the grain boundaries during the annealing. The average grain sizes is continuously increased as the content of substitutional Ca is increased from 5[mol%] to 15[mol%], but the average grain size of the sample with content of 20[mol%] Ca is slightly decreased. In the samples with content of 10∼15[mol%] Ca, excellent dielectric properties were obtained as follows; dielectric constant <25000, dielectric loss <0.3[%], and capacitance change rate as a function of temperature <${\pm}$10[%], respectively. All samples in this study exhibited dielectric relaxation with frequency as a functior of the temperature.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.611-618
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• 1995

The (Sr$_{1-x}$ .Ca$_{x}$)TiO$_{3}$+0.6[mol%]Nb$_{2}$O$_{5}$ (0.05.leq.x.leq.0.2) ceramics were fabricated to form semiconducting ceramics by sintering at about 1350[.deg. C] in a reducing atmosphere(N$_{2}$ gas). Metal oxides, CuO, was painted on the both surface of the specimens to diffuse to the grain boundary. They were annealed at 1100 [.deg. C] for 2 hours. The 2nd phase formed by thermal diffusing from the surface lead to a very high apparent dielectric constant. According to increase of the frequency as a functional of temperature, all specimens used in this study showed the dielectric relaxation, and the relaxation frequency was above 106 [Hz], it move to low frequency with increasing resistivity of grain. The specimens showed three kinds of conduction mechanisms in the temperature range 25-125 [.deg. C] as the current increased: the region I below 200 [V/cm] shows the ohmic conduction. The region rt between 200 [V/cm] and 2000 [V/cm] can be explained by the Poole-Frenkel emission theory, and the region III above 2000 [V/cm] is dominated by the tunneling effect.fect.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.588-593
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• 2012

In this study, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reaction was performed using liqufied petroleum gas (LPG) as a reductant for removing NOx. The catalysts were manufactured with different amounts of Cu and Fe supported on HZSM-5 in order to remove NOx. The NOx conversion ratio was studied with changing the temperature and the catalyst amount. The catalysts were manufactured by calcination with flowing the ambient air at $500^{\circ}C$ for three hours. Cupper of 1~4 wt% and iron of 0.5~2 wt% were supported on HZSM-5 of which Si/Al ratio were 80. According to the reaction results, the catalyst which Cu of 3 wt% supported on HZSM-5 showed the highest conversion rate. XRD, XPS, and TPR analysis were also performed for the characterization of catalysts.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4643-4648
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• 2010

In this study, $CO_2$ absorption properties at high pressure condition that can apply pre-combustion $CO_2$ capture were investigated for physical sorbent such as PEG, DMSO, and Sulfone. The $CO_2$ Solubility, regeneration, and initial absorption rate with temperature and pressure were measured using batch type stirred cell contactor. The PEG showed the highest $CO_2$ solubility and initial absorption rate. It can be found that all the physical sorbents used in this experiments were almost completely regenerated at various temperature and pressure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.72-79
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• 1996

In a BAF(Batch Annealing Furnace), various studies have been pursued in order to reduce energy consumption rate to improve productivity and to stabilize the properties of products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of both the atmospheric gas and convector plate shapes on the augmentation of heat transfer. The use of hydrogen instead of nitrogen as an atmospheric gas, combined with high convection in the BAF, has shown that considerable increases in furnace out put and significantly improved material quality are attainable. Because convector plate shapes make the atmosheric gas easily flow density, high diffusivity and reducing character of hydrogen, a better heat transfer rates resulting in uniform material temperature distribution and improved coil surface quality can be achieved. Also, it was found that the closed convector plate took more time for the annealing cycle time than the other plate type(open-type)by about ten hours.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.261-268
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• 1996

Various $Cu/SiO_2$ catalysts with copper concentration ranging from 0 to 50wt% were prepared by kneading method for the steam reforming of methanol. These catalysts were calcined at temperatures in the range of $400^{\circ}C{\sim}900^{\circ}C$ and then reduced in a $H_2$ atmosphere in the range of $150^{\circ}C{\sim}350^{\circ}C$. Steam reforming of methanol was carried out at atmospheric pressure over a temperature range of $200^{\circ}C{\sim}400^{\circ}C$, steam/methanol molar ratio of 0.4~1.6 and W/F of 3~25 g.-cat.hr./mol. Characterization of the catalysts was studied using IR, BET and XRD. Using copper nitrate as a precursor for catalysts, pH in the preparation of catalysts had a great effect on the catalytic activity, but pH in the preparation of catalysts, calcination temperature, and reducing temperature in $H_2$ atmosphere had no effect on the product distribution. Optimum copper concentration, calcination temperature and reducing temperature were 40wt%, $700^{\circ}C$ and $300^{\circ}C$, respective)y. Reaction temperature for maximum $H_2$ production was $275^{\circ}C$, and the formation of methane which lowered quantity and quality of $H_2$ would be inhibited below $275^{\circ}C$. $Cu^{\circ}-Cu_2O$ might be active species in $Cu/SiO_2$ catalyst.