• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.32-45
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• 2016

For effective utilization of downtown area, many studies about underground have been performed around the world, and double-deck tunnel have being operated in USA, Europe and China, etc. (A86 East Duplex in France, M30 tunnel project in Spain, SR-99 in seattle, USA, Yangtze river tunnel in China) In Korea, the research about network type double-deck tunnel in deep underground space is in progress to solve the traffic jam and secure the ground space. In this study, a number of factors required for double-deck tunnel in deep underground are analyzed through the existing ventilation design outline and unique ventilation design factors for network type double-deck tunnel are established by reviewing design cases of overseas double-deck tunnel.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2024

This paper investigates the effect of an artificial intelligence attention redirection compensation strategy system on the data labeling work attention concentration by individuals with developmental disabilities. Task accuracy and task performance for each session were used as measures of attention concentration. As a result of the study, after the intervention was applied, a significant improvement in attention concentration was observed in all study subjects compared to self-serving task. These results mean that artificial intelligence technology can have a positive effect on improving the attention span of people with developmental disabilities during data labeling tasks. This study shows that the application of artificial intelligence technology can improve the quality of learning data by improving the accuracy of data labeling tasks for people with developmental disabilities, and is expected to provide important implications for vocational training programs related to data labeling for people with developmental disabilities.

• 농업기술회보
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.40-41
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• 2010

큰 일교차는 가축면역력 약화를 부른다. 낮과 밤의 일교차 약 $10^{\circ}C$ 전후의 환절기에는 면역력이 약한 어린 가축은 환경의 변화에 따른 대사불균형으로 질병 발생률이 높아진다. 가축에게 환경 스트레스를 낮춰주기 위해 아침 저녁으로 바깥의 찬공기에 노출되지 않도록 차단해야 하고 야간에는 축사보온, 낮에는 환기가 충분히 이루어지도록 해야 한다. 또한 양질의 사료공급은 물론 비타민, 광물질 등의 첨가제를 적절히 배합해 급여하고 호흡기 질병 및 설사병 등의 백신을 적기에 접종해 면역능력을 가질 수 있도록 해야 한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.746-753
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• 1998

Background : Cigarette smoking is closely related to both lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The incidence of lung cancer is higher in patients with obstructive ventilatory impairment than in patients without obstructive ventilatory impairment regardless of smoking. So, obstructive ventilatory impairment is suspected as an independent risk factor of lung cancer. Methods: For the evaluation of the role of obstructive ventilatory impairment as a risk factor of lung cancer, a total of 73 cases comprising 47 cases of malignant and 26 benign solitary pulmonary nodule were analyzed retrospectively. A comparative study of analysis of forced expiratory volume curves and frequencies of obstructive ventilatory impairment were made between cases with malignant and benign nodules. Results: In comparison of vital capacity and parameters derived from forced expiratory volume curve between two groups. VC, FVC and $FEV_1$ were not significantly different. whereas $FEV_1/FVC%$ and FEF 25-75% showed a significant decrease in the cases with malignant nodule. The frequency of obstructive ventilatory impairment determined by pulmonary function test was significantly higher in the cases with malignant nodule(23.4%) than in benign nodule(3.8%). When the risk for lung cancer was examined by the presence or absence of obstructive ventilatory impairment using the logistic regression analysis, the unadjusted relative risk for the lung cancer of obstructive ventilatory impairment was 17.17. When the effect of smoking and age were considered, the relative risk was to 8.13. Conclusion: These findings suggest that an obstructive ventilatory impairment is a risk factor of lung cancer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.134-140
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.60-67
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• 2014

Exhaust system used in toilet and cooking place of high riser public house is roof fan of two basic types : natural roof ventilator and natural/forced roof ventilator. Natural/forced roof ventilator has a motor in the rotary shaft. There are many high riser public house in Korea. These buildings were not viewed as being major contributors to exhaust pollutants producted in indoor. It was because many engineers thought that exhaust in high riser building depend on stack effect. This study investigates on stack pressure determined by exterior pressure and the difference pressure control in exhaust stack used in high riser public house. This paper focuses mainly on the effect of the time interval for power supply of motor installed in roof fan with function of natural wind velocity and of exhaust air volume of toilet. It is observed there are higher exhaust efficiency than the existing natural roof ventilator.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.195-209
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• 2012

1) 버섯종균 생산 시스템 개선 버섯의 품질과 수량을 좌우하는 주요 요인은 종균의 활력이다. 그러나 말라위에서는 종균의 활력이 낮아 조그마한 350cc 음료수 병에 배양 완성하는데 20일이 소요되는 등 노동력의 비효율성을 개선하였다. 따라서 350cc 병을 3500cc 비닐봉지로 개선하여 입봉하는데 소요되는 시간을 10배 이상으로 단축 개선하였다. 또한 곡립종균을 액체종균으로 대처한 결과 균사생장 속도가 빨랐으며 작업속도가 빨라졌다. 곡립 수수를 밀로 대체하여 종균제조 노동력을 효율적으로 전환하였다. 2) 버섯재배사 환경관리 개선 버섯재배의 4대 환경조건은 온도, 습도, 환기, 광이다. 그러나 말라위의 버섯재배사는 4대 환경조건 조절을 자연상태에 의존하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 비닐로 커버된 상태에서 문을 닫아두어 과습이 되고 환기가 되지않았다. 이를 개선하기 위하여 직경 5cm 환기공을 버섯재배사 당 4개씩 만들도록 지도하였다. 3) 버섯배지 개선 말라위에서는 옥수수 대를 잘라 버섯배지로 주로 이용하고 있다. 이를 개선하여 말라위 북부지역(다광)에 대규모 사탕수수 공장을 방문하여 사탕수수 박을 이용하여 버섯재배 기술을 교육하였다. 이를 이용함으로서 버섯 균사생장속도를 빠르게 하고 균사량의 축적을 높이도록 하여 고품질 다수확하는데 교육을 하고 컨설팅을 실시하여 개선하였다. 4) 버섯 배지 야외발효 후 지면재배 시도로 시간 단축과 비용절감 말라위 버섯배지 혼합제조법은 옥수수대 한가지로서 영양원이 없다. 이를 개선하여 배지를 수분을 흡수시킨 후 야외 퇴적하므로서 배지의 물리성을 개선하고 야외발효 과정 중 양분이 합성되어 양질의 배지를 만드는 방법이다. 야외발효한 배지를 봉지에 담아 균상에 입상하는 불편함과 나무로 만들어진 균상대의 과습으로 인한 곰팡이 발생과 개미 침입으로 썩는 것 등을 방지하기 위하여 지면재배 방법으로 개선하였다. 이 지면재배는 균상 만드는 나무재료와 인건비 절감. 병해충 발생 방제 뿐만아니라 고품질 다수확할 수 있는 방법으로 개선 교육과 시범 시연을 실시하였다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.553-560
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• 2014

The road tunnel install a vent for the purpose of ventilation and smoke control. Ventilation equipment capacity(number of jet fans) depends on from the condition that of the pressure and ventilation resistance. Pressure and the resistance under operating vehicle have affected on the drag coefficient. The drag coefficient of the tunnel have affected by the blockage effect and slipstream effects. However, when calculating the ventilation fan, are not properly consider taking into account such effects. Therefore, ventilation force may have been slightly overestimated. This paper describes the drag coefficient through a numerical analysis to calculate the equivalent resistance area that reflects the vehicle distance, and examined the equivalent resistance area. The ventilation coefficient corresponding to the result heavy vehicle mixing ratio of the present study was not clear. Equivalent resistance area had reduced by about 86% compared to the road design handbook current standards. Also it had analyzed and reduced to 62.2% compared to Korea Highway Corporation ventilation design criteria ratio, which is the old standard.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 2012

As more diesel engines have been employed in underground limestone mines with large cross section, underground space environment is worsened by diesel exhausts and heat flow. This paper aims for the ultimate goal to optimize the work place environment through assuring the optimal required ventilation rate based on the analysis of the airflow, diesel exhaust gas concentrations and the effects of mechanization and deepening working face on temperature and humidity. Due to the insufficient capacity of the main exhaust fan and poor airway management, stagnant airflows were observed at various locations, while the flow direction was reversed instantly with passing diesel equipment and the flow reversal was also made by the seasonal variation of the outside surface weather. During the loading operation, CO concentration measurements were found to be frequently higher than the threshold limit of 50 ppm, and most of the $NO_2$ measurements during drilling and loading operations shows even more serious levels surpassing the permissible limit of 3 ppm. The actual ventilation quantity was considerably less than the required quantity estimated by the mine health and safety law, and this shortage problem was less serious in colder winter showing more effectiveness of the natural ventilation.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.122-125
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• 2011

최근 4~5년 전부터 우리나라의 하절기 온도상황 및 호우 경향이 많이 달라지고 있다. 평년에 비해 6월 경 혹서기가 시작 되는가 하면, 지역별로 차이는 있으나 장마는 짧게 지나가고, 국지성 집중 호우 이후 혹서기가 반복되는 상황이다. 당연히 케이지 사육이 주로 이루어지는 산란계에 있어서는 습한 환경에 고온이 더해져 그 스트레스가 더욱 가중되어졌을 것으로 보인다. 이러한 부분은 섭취량 저하 및 생산성 저하로 연계되고, 질병 또한 평년에 비해 많이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 금번 환절기의 산란계는 혹서기로 인한 체력 저하 및 환경 적응력이 미진한 상황에서 일교차 증가와 온도 저하, 일조시간 변화 및 호르몬의 변화 등 다양한 스트레스에 직면하게 될 것으로 생각된다. 무엇보다 가을 환절기는 극심한 온도의 일교차 변화와 함께 시설과 농장환경에 따라 차이가 있겠지만 환기 부분에 있어서 기본적인 문제가 발생하게 되며, 특히 환기 부분은 겨울철로 향해 갈수록 관리가 어려워질 수밖에 없는 시점이다. 이러한 환경 변화에 따라 사료 섭취량 및 체내 영양소 균형과 대사과정에도 변화가 연계되면서 생산성의 저하, 면역력의 약화 및 활력의 저하가 동반되며 호흡기 및 다양한 질병(IB, ND, AI 등)이 발생될 가능성이 높아지게 된다. 따라서 이러한 상황에서 관리해야 할 몇 가지 주요 포인트를 점검해 보고자 한다.