• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.174-178
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• 2005

Destruction of marine ecology system induced by the bal last water discharged from ships is one of the most serious problem among the various ship associated environmental impacts. International Maritime Organization (IMO) has actively dealt with this problem for a long time and is going to start to activate very strong international treatment for preventing ocean from such serious environmental impact. Various technologies of ballast water treatment are now being developed all over the world. In this paper, recent trend of existing ballast water treatment technologies is investigated in detail. Furthermore, in order to apply electrolysis technology to ballast wale r treatment, its basic principle is reviewed theoretically and its feasibility is checked through some in-situ experiments. Quite good results are shown in the experiments enough to confirm its applicability in ballast water treatment.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.779-785
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• 2015

Cathodic protection is recognized as the most cost-effective and technically appropriate corrosion prevention method for the submerged zone of offshore structures, ships, and deep-sea facilities. When cathodic protection is applied, the cathodic currents cause dissolved oxygen reduction, generating hydroxyl ions near the polarized surface that increase the interfacial pH and result in enhanced carbonate ion concentration and precipitation of an inorganic layer whose principal component is calcium carbonate. Depending on the potential, magnesium hydroxide can also precipitate. This mixed deposit is generally called "calcareous deposit." This layer functions as a barrier against the corrosive environment, leading to a decrease in current demand. Hence, the importance of calcareous deposits for the effective, efficient operation of marine cathodic protection systems is recognized by engineers and scientists concerned with cathodic protection in submerged marine environments. Calcareous deposit formation on a marine structure depends on the potential, current, pH, temperature, pressure, sea-water chemistry, flow, and time; deposit quality is significantly influenced by these factors. This study determines how calcareous deposits form in sea water, and assesses the interrelationship of formation conditions (such as the sea water temperature and surface condition of steel), deposited structure, and properties and the effectiveness of the cathodic protection.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.1125-1126
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• 2011

고온 초전도 전력기기는 상전도 전력기기에 비해, 중량과 부피가 작고 전력손실이 거의 없어 효율이 높고 대용량기기에 많은 장점을 지니고 있으며 또한 환경 친화적이다. 대형화가 요구되는 선박추진용 모터를 초전도 모터로 사용할 경우 저속 및 고 토크의 모터를 제작할 수 있고, 계자 권선과 전기자 권선을 초전도 선재로 사용함으로써 높은 전류밀도와 고 자장이 가능하여 고효율 및 소형 경량화 등의 장점이 있다. 그러나 전초전도 모터의 경우 얇은 테이프 형태의 초전도 선재의 특성으로 인해 구리선처럼 가공이 힘들고, 선재를 초전도 상태로 만들기 위한 냉각이 필요하다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 동기모터와 선형모터를 혼합하여 고정자에 위치한 racetrack type의 전기자 권선뿐만아니라 회전자에 자기장을 발생시키는 계자 권선도 회전자가 아니라 고정자부분에 위치하므로 구조상 견고하고 냉각등에 장점이 있는 호모폴라 모터를 제안하였으며 자기저항의 변화가 작은 구조로 토크 리플이 작으므로 소음과 진동이 적은 모터를 설계하였다. 설계 결과로부터 호모폴라 모터를 제작하였으며 레이스트렉형과 팬케이크 권선의 임계전류등을 측정하였다. 추후 호모폴라 모터의 성능시험을 진행할 예정이다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1083-1090
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• 2012

Copper alloys are widely used for casting materials including ship's propellers and pump impellers as they provide high corrosion resistance. In addition, the demand for these alloys is increasing with rapid growth of offshore structures and exploitation of various substitute energy sources. However, they require regular maintenance because of erosion and cavitation damages induced by exposure to marine environment at high speed flows for a long period of time. Water cavitation peening have received attention as one of surface modifications for durability improvement of the copper alloys. This is a environment friendly technology without influence of heat and easily applicable to casting materials. In this research, water cavitation peening was employed in distilled water for copper alloy castings as a function of time and evaluation of corrosion resistance was followed in seawater for the modified surface by using electrochemical methods. The result suggests that the water cavitation peening for 2 minutes was found to be the optimal peening parameter in terms of durability and corrosion resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.964-970
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• 2023

As part of the International Maritime Organization ef orts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the maritime industry is exploring low-carbon fuels such as liquefied natural gas and methanol, as well as zero-carbon fuels such as hydrogen and ammonia, evaluating them as environmentally friendly alternatives. Particularly, ammonia has substantial operational experience as cargo on transport ships, and ammonia ship engines are expected to be available in the second half of 2024, making it relatively accessible for commercial use. However, overcoming the toxicity challenges associated with using ammonia as a fuel is imperative. Detection is possible at levels as low as 5 ppm through olfactory senses, and exposure to concentrations exceeding 300 ppm for more than 30 min can result in irreparable harm. Using the KORA program provided by the Chemical Safety Agency, an assessment of the potential risks arising from leaks during ammonia bunkering was conducted. A 1-min leak could lead to a 5 ppm impact within a radius of approximately 7.5 km, affecting key areas in Busan, a major city. Furthermore, the potentially lethal concentration of 300 ppm could have severe consequences in densely populated areas and schools near the bunkering site. Therefore, given the absence of regulations related to ammonia bunkering, the potential for widespread toxicity from even minor leaks highlights the requirement for the development of legislation. Establishing an integrated system involving local governments, fire departments, and environmental agencies is crucial for addressing the potential impacts and ensuring the safety of ammonia bunkering operations.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.187-206
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• 2019

After reviewing the concept and previous studies related to green ports, this study analyzes the implications of green port policy of advanced ports in foreign countries and analyzes problems in terms of environmentally-friendly green port policy for Ulsan port, and to present sustainable green logistics establishment measures. The literature survey and Benchmarking methods are adopted as research methodology and the results are as follows. First, the pan-government climate change response management system, legislation of relevant laws, implementation of fiscal support policies, and roadmaps should be established. Second, the foundation for eco-friendly green growth should be established through the discovery of business models in conjunction with leading industries in the Southeastern Metropolitan Economic Area. Third, the Ulsan Port Greenport, such as AMP, in-port LNG propulsion ship, and ESI vessel incentive, should be built. Fourth, a low-carbon, high-efficiency sea-shuttle service shall be established through the introduction of the sea-shuttle service along the sea route. Fifth, energy self-reliant ports, including all institutions in the metropolitan Ulsan port area that have exceeded the level of Ulsan port Authority, should be built. Finally, water-type ports need to be built through the creation of coastal forests, the purification of marine water quality, and the introduction of colors to port.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5B
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• pp.547-558
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• 2008

With the advent of super cargo ship due to the explosive increase in the amount of cargo shipped via seas, some mega ports are under construction in South Korea, to accommodate the super cargo ship, and some of them already enter their final phase. To sustain the harbor tranquility, mega ports usually comprise huge vertical type breakwaters which are intrinsically vulnerable to the attack of long waves. In this rationale, we present the chamber type breakwater with a circular curtain wall - Eco-breaker 2, to alleviate the reflection of long waves and numerically investigate the hydraulic characteristics of Eco-breaker 2. As a wave driver, we use the Navier-Stokes eq., the most robust wave driver, using SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) and LES (Large Eddy Simulation). For the verification of numerical results, we also carried out hydraulic model test. It is shown that Eco-breaker 2 can effectively alleviate the reflection of long waves with its inherited large organized eddies encompassing the water chamber and some region off the curtain wall of varying size. It is also shown that the scope and strength of large organized eddies strongly depends on the incident wave period, and the reflection coefficient can be lowered to 0.18 by tuning the size of water chamber such that resident time at the chamber is just short of the half period of incident waves. Based on these results, we present the specification of Eco-breaker 2 to boost its use on the development of water environment friendly harbor worldwide.