• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-61
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• 2009

These days, environmental policies have changed from being command and control systems toward economic incentive systems, with various incentives having been established by OECD countries. In Korea, many environmental charges have been established in order to diminish activities which damage natural resources. Among them, the Ecosystem Conservation Cooperation Charge and the Replacement Charge for Forest Resources Creation are considered to be representative environmental charges. These charges, along with a few others, were designed to encourage efforts to protect natural resources. The charges include a number of different features, utilize varying methods, and altered ranges of jurisdiction. However, the charges may pose serious inequity problems in terms of their estimated values and their conditions of reduction and exemption. For instance, although the Ecosystem Conservation Cooperation Charge is a primary charge applied to natural resource damage, the charge does not fully secure its original objectives due to its low levy and limited range of provisions. Moreover, the Replacement Charge for Forest Resources Creation has been criticized because of similar reduction and exemption provisions. Therefore, this study analyzes the inequity problems associated with the charges and proposes solutions. First of all, the Ecosystem Conservation Cooperation Charge should be redesigned in such a way that it reflects the substantial value of natural resource damage through either abrogate or increased maximum limits of the charge. With regard to the Replacement Charge for Forest Resources Creation, the cases and ranges of reduction and exemption provisions should be narrowed. Finally, the charges collected should be expended in conformity with their original objectives, and their expenditure should be restricted to either restoration activities or activities directly related to compensation and mitigation of damaged natural resources.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2017

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.175-210
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• 2012

As London and post-Koyto protocols presumably affect emission of organic waste in Korea in 2012, appropriate treatment of organic waste becomes very important. Organic wastes are regarded as non-point pollutants. It has been criticized that direct emission charges on the emission of non-point pollutants are not effective due to the high uncertainty in the relationship between pollution sources and pollution levels. This study suggests indirect emission charges on production of livestocks or consumption on foods. Furthermore, it is assumed that revenue from the emission charges will be recycled to support biogas production. Biogas can be fueled to produce energy. In order to evaluate potential economic and environmental impacts of recycling the indirect emission charges on organic wastes, a static CGE model was developed. Simulation results of emission charges on the production of livestock show that livestock, agriculture, and food industry will confront relatively high burden while emission charges on consumption of food will affect more broadly and consumers will suffer more. Production charge on livestock sector will lead to higher reduction in GDP and total expenditure relative to the consumption charge. GHGs reduction effect was higher for the consumption charge relative to the production charge. Synthetically, consumption charge on food sector is more desirable as an alternative charge for the emission of organic wastes.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.23-44
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• 2015

The policy aimed at introducing a Bonus-Malus system to reduce GHG and raise the market share of small cars is scheduled to go into effect in South Korea in 2020. Although the policy was originally planned to be enforced from 2015, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy argued that the system brings low reduction effect and relative disadvantage to domestic small cars and brought arguments in 2014. As a result, the enforcement was pushed back. Related studies are mainly focused on offering statistical estimation of the policy's effect to support the arguments, and few theoretical studies were published given that there was not enough time until 2015 back then. The author approached the issue with mathematical modeling in order to give theoretical basis for sophisticated empirical studies. If car suppliers have market power and strategically set their prices, the impact of Bouns-Malus on car prices would be lower than what was originally intended. In case only a part of the car market loses its market power, the effect of the policy would be improved. Assume that the Bonus-Malus is currently at an optimal level and the car market structure is undergoing changes, then the direction of the new optimal level would depend on the elasticity of demand of each market and substitute elasticity. For example, if the car market becomes more monopolistic while the demand for big cars is elastic, demand for small cars is inelastic and substitution elasticity is low, then the new optimal level of Bonus-Malus should be higher.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.196-197
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• 2004

지하수의 공공성, 민간부문의 지하수 개발의 추이와 지하수관리특별구역의 현황에 대하여 살펴보았다. 공공재의 특성과 사적비용과 사회적비용을 일치시키기 위해 피구세를 검토하였으며, 온실가스 배출권거래제의 이론적 근거를 살펴보았다. 지하수이용을 감소시키기 위한 방안을 살펴보고 감축방안을 세가지로 나누어 검토하였다. 전형적인 온실가스배출권 거래제와 같은 방법은 거래비용으로 인하여 적절하지 않을 것으로 보이나, 피구세로 보완하면 적용 가능할 것으로 보인다. 한정된 자원인 지하수를 적절히 이용하고 보전하는 방법은 사회적으로 합의되고 적절한 방법으로 이루어져야 한다. 지하수이용허가권을 조정하는 방법으로 지하수이용허가권을 일정비율로 감축하고 계속 사용하고자 하는 사용자에게는 부담금을 부과하며, 허가권을 반납하는 사용자에게 보상을 하는 방법이 적절할 것으로 보인다. 이 방법은 영세한 지하수이용자가 지하수허가량을 줄이면 부담금을 부과하지 않고, 폐공하는 경우에는 보상하도록 한다. 대규모 지하수 사용자가 지하수를 더 이용하기 위해서는 경제적 부담을 감수하면 가능하다. 과다한 소규모 관정을 폐공시키고 일정 규모이상의 지하수 관정을 이용하게 하는 효과도 있으리라 보인다.

• 환경사랑
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• s.59
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• pp.10-11
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• 2011

환경부담금 대상 무목으로 2008년 7월부터 자발적협약을 통해 재활용이 추진되던 수산물 양식용 부자가 2011년부터 생산자책임재활용제도(EPR) 대상 품목으로 진입한다. 변경되는 제도에 대해 자세히 살펴본다.

• 프린팅코리아
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• s.23
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• pp.82-85
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• 2004

현존하는 세계 최고의 금속활자본인 직지심체요절의 문화적 자산가치는 8694억원이라는 조사결과가 나왔다. 충북개발연구원(원장 이태열)은 최근 '직지의 가치추정 및 활용방안'이라는 연구보고서를 통해 "비시장 재화에 대한 화폐가치를 평가하는 조건부 가치측정(CVM) 방식으로 직지의 가치를 조사한 결과 이같이 추정됐다"고 밝혔다. 조건부 가치측정이란 환경과 문화, 관광자원 등 거래가 되지 않는 재화에 대한 가치를 평가하는 방법 중 하나로, 이번 조사에 제시된 조건은 '직지의 보전 및 세계화에 부담금을 낸다면 얼마를 낼 용의가 있는가'였다. 전국 340여명의 표본조사 응답자들은 이 질문에 44.4%(151명)가 '부담 의사있다'고 답변했고, 부담금은 5년간 매년 1만840원이 적정할 것이라고 말했다. 연구원 측은 이를 근거로 전국 가구 수에 적용할 경우 직지의 문화적 총자산가치는 8694억원에 달할 것으로 추정했다. 다음은 이번 보고서의 주요 내용을 요약한 것이다.

• Bulletin of Korea Environmental Preservation Association
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• v.29 s.367
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• pp.73-76
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• 2007

주요골자 가. 배출사업자에 대하여 기본배출부과금 산정을 위한 예정배출량 자료 제출 의무를 면제하여 사업자의 불필요한 행정부담 개선(안 제35조) 나. 폐수종말처리시설에 대한 기술진단기관을 현행 환경관리공단 외에 수질관리분야 엔지니어링 및 수질분야 기술사사무소등 민간업체까지 확대(안 별표 11 제6호)

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.767-785
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• 2009

This paper studies the effect of industrial waste water effluent charge reform. The goal of the present effluent charge system is to use environmental resources in an efficient way by charging the cost for removing emitted water pollutants. However, the present system is a type of regulation instead of providing economic incentives to the industry. That is, if a firm emits pollutants greater than the limit, it has to pay an amount greater than the cost of cleaning them taking into account the amount of waste water discharged, region, the number of violation and the level of density of pollutants. However, the excessive fees have resulted in the lowest ratio of revenue-to-effluent charge among all environmental charges. The paper estimates the effect of the change in effluent fee and revenue when the present effluent charge system is converted to one that offers economic incentives. The results show that the amount of waste water effluent charge is about four times larger than the estimated environmental cleaning cost. In addition, the results show that by modifying the effluent charge system, the ratio of revenue to effluent charge can be raised.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

Since the OPRC-HNS Protocol entered into forced in the June of 2007, the potential effects on industrial circles are encouraged to be analyzed according to the obligatory regulations listed in the Protocols. This study was conducted on the quantitative analysis of the possible effect on the industrial circles if Korea accedes to OPRC-HNS Protocol. In spite of any burdens caused by keeping "accident emergency program memorandum" and performing "education and any training program for the crews", potential decrease of insurance fee is in possibility provided it follows. In addition, the oil refinery and petrochemical industries may also have burdens for potential costs for acquiring any materials including equipments and fees for education and training related to HNS. However, minimizing any costs by swift response against accidents would be big advantage that comes with paying of small amounts of expense by international convention related to HNS.