• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.130-142
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• 2014

The Korean government is considering implementation of the marine ecosystem restoration technology program (MERTP) to analyze the current status of the marine ecosystems and causes for the ecosystem deterioration as well as to eventually establish a master strategic plan for restoring ecosystem functions and preventing ecosystem functional loss. In order to determine likelihood of successful implementation, it is essential to perform an analysis of the economic feasibility of the program. The present study assessed economic feasibility of the MERTP. To this end, the dichotomous choice contingent valuation (CV) method is used. In particular, dichotomous choice (DC) format is employed as a method of eliciting willingness-to-pay (WTP) response to incentive-compatible mechanisms. The study also employed the spike model to deal with zero WTP responses from the DC CV survey. This survey of 1,000 randomly selected households in accordance with the guidelines provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USA) was carried out nationwide in 2013. And, the respondents were asked in person-to-person interviews about their WTP for implementing the MERTP. The results showed that the annual mean WTP was estimated to be 5,414 won per household. Consequently, the annual benefit from the MERTP would be about 98.6 billion won for the next five years. Economic feasibility assessment utilizing the MERTP investment cost and expansion cost of the value provided that net present value, benefit/cost ratio, and internal rate of return are 337.8 billion won, 5.20, and 65.9 %, respectively, which are bigger than 0, 1.0, and 5.5 %, and that the MERTP passes the cost-benefit analysis.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.15-20
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• 1999

아시아지역은 경제적 침체기에서 서서히 회복되어가면서 항공교통수요 또한 경제적 위기 이전의 수준으로 회복해가고 있고 21세기의 새로운 출발과 동북아지역 국가들의 경제활동 활성화로 새로운 항공교통수요가 증대되어가고 있는 시점이다. 동북아 국가들은 자국의 경제 활성화를 위해 공항의 새로운 건설과 확장 등을 계획$.$실행해오고 있으며, 이를 통하여 동북아지역에서의 항공산업의 우위성을 확보하려하고 있다. 중국, 일본 등 우리나라와 경쟁관계에 있는 나라들이 기존 공항의 확장과 신설을 통해 경쟁력을 높이려하고 있으며, 공항의 경쟁력을 높이는데 필수적 요소 중의 하나인 외국 항공사의 유치를 위한 對항공사 마케팅을 다양하고 구체적인 방법으로 실행하고 있다. 우리나라도 2001년 동북아의 중추적인 공항의 건설과 개항을 맞이하여 이들 경쟁공항과의 경쟁에서 우위성을 확보하기 위한 하나의 방안으로서 자국 및 외국항공사의 비행편 유치에 대한 공항마케팅 측면에서의 접근이 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구는 우리나라와 지리적인 국토면적 여건이 비슷한 암스테르담 스키폴공항, 히드로공항 등의 공항들이 취하고 있는 대항공사마케팅 정책과 대항공사 유치를 위해 현재 실행하고 있는 방법들을 통해 앞으로 인천국제공항이 공항마케팅에서의 대항공사 마케팅 전략 수립시 고려 방안들을 제시하고자한다. 이에 공항마케팅의 일반적인 고찰과 외국 선진공항들의 대항공사마케팅전략을 고찰하고, 현재 인천국제공항의 경쟁공항인 동북아지역의 중국 및 일본 공항들의 현황등을 살펴보고자 한다. 마지막으로는 계량적 방법과 문헌들을 통해 여러 가지 방안들을 고려하여 인천국제공항이 실행하여야하는 대항공사마케팅전략방안을 제시하여 본 연구의 목적을 달성하려한다. 및 화물교통량의 증가를 예상하여 5%, 10%, 20%의 증가에 대한 민감도 분석을 실시한 결과 대안1의 경우 교통량의 변화 및 화물통행의 시간가치의 증가시 사회적 편익이 오히려 감소하였고, 대안2와 3의 경우 사회적 편익이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 경부고속도로의 화물차량의 구성비에 따라 대안 1의 경우 오히려 화물차의 통행시간이 증가함에 그 원인이 있다 할 것이다. 이상과 같은 결론을 통하여 경부고속도로상의 화물전용차선의 설치시는 수답렬 교통량의 구성비와 구간 평균교통량에 의하여 그 효과가 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 물류비용 절감차원에서의 화물전용차선의 설치는 본 연구에서 나타낸 방법과 같이 수단간의 경제적 편익을 고려한 구간별 시간대별 효과분석을 통하여 정책의 시행여부가 결정되어야 할 것이다. 한편, 화물전용차선의 설치로 인한 물류비용의 절감을 보다 효과적으로 달성하기 위해서는 종합류류 전산망의 시급한 구축과 함께 화물차의 적재율을 높이고 공차율을 낮출 수 있는 운송체계의 수립이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 그라나 이러한 화물전용차선의 효과는 단기적인 치유책일 수밖에 없기 때문에 물류유통 시설의 확충을 위한 사회간접자본의 구축을 서둘러 시행하여야 할 것이다.으로 처리한 Machine oil, Phenthoate EC 및 Trichlorfon WP는 비교적 약효가 낮았다.>$^{\circ}$E/$\leq$30$^{\circ}$NW 단열군이 연구지역 내에서 지하수 유동성이 가장 높은 단열군으로 추정된다. 이러한 사실은 3개 시추공을 대상으로 실시한 시추공 내 물리검층과 정압주입시험에서도 확인된다.. It was resulted

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.719-730
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• 2017

Recently, oceanic research has been carried out investigating global scientific interests and the territorial management of national marine jurisdictional waters, including exclusive economic zones (EEZ) and the open seas. To meet the needs of ocean researchers pursuing these - objectives, acquiring advanced research infrastructure, including research vessels, large facilities, and equipment, is a top priority in ocean science. However, ocean science is a similar to space science, and securing resources and state-of-the-art technology can be expensive. Faced with these challenges, our study focused on establishing a strategy for the efficient operation and management of research vessels, attempting to establish benchmarks from foreign examples that can be adapted to suit the target context. The results of this study provide ways to identify operating systems that could increase the efficiency of joint-use research vessels. The different systems examined in this study included a joint-use committee-based management system (JCMS, Type 1), private enterprise entrusted operating system (PEOS, Type 2), institutional investment operating system (IIOS, Type 3), and commissioned executive operating system (CEOS, Type 4). The efficiencies of JCMS, PEOS, IIOS and CEOS were 9.17, 5.82, 11.2 and -1.72 %, respectively. Given the total costs involved, the most affordable operating system was IIOS. JCMS was the most cost-effective system based on a quantitative cost-benefit analysis, but IIOS also had an acceptable cost-benefit balance. An operational committee would be required and regulations and guidelines shoulde be established to employ, JCMS, while a strategy to yield independent revenue would be needed to utilize an IIOS system.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.9
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• pp.835-842
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• 2010

This paper attempts to examine households' willingness to pay (WTP) for ground water pollution improvement which can be used in cost-benefit analysis on the project for developing the soil pollution control technique. We applied a contingent valuation (CV) method to obtain at least a preliminary evaluation of the WTP. The CV survey was rigorously designed to comply with the guidelines for best-practiced CV studies. We surveyed a randomly selected sample of 500 households in Seoul metropolitan area and asked respondents questions in person-to-person interviews about how they would be willing to pay for the program. Respondents overall accepted the contingent market and were willing to contribute a significant amount (1,195 to 1,552 won), on average, per household per year. The aggregate value of the project for developing the soil pollution control technique amounts to approximately 20.3 billion won per year. The household values can be the benefits that ensue from the project and compared with the costs of the program to determine whether the project is economically desirable.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.79-103
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• 2006

This paper attempts to examine household's willingness to pay (WTP) for piped water quality improvement in Wonju, where the local government are planning to implement a piped water quality improvement program. We apply a contingent valuation (CV) method to obtain at least a preliminary evaluation of the WTP. The CV survey was rigorously designed to comply with the guidelines for best-practiced CV studies. We surveyed a randomly selected sample of 250 households in Wonju and asked respondents questions in person-to-person interviews about how much they would be willing to pay for the program. Respondents overall accepted the contingent market and were willing to contribute a significant amount (1,583 to 2,776 won), on average, per household per month. This willingness varies according to individual characteristics such as sex, education level, and income. The aggregate value of the program in Wonju amounts to approximately 1.99 billion won to 3.49 billion won per year. The household values can be the benefits that ensue from the program and compared with the costs of the program to determine whether the program is economically desirable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 1995.12a
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• pp.9-21
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• 1995

A planning support system enhances our ability to use water capacity expansion as an urban growth management strategy. This paper reports the development of capacity expansion modeling of water supply as part of the continuing development of such a planning support system (PEGASUS: Planning Environment for Generation and Analysis of Spatial Urban Systems) to incorporate water supply, This system is designed from the understanding that land use and development drive the demand for infrastructure and infrastructure can have a significant influence on the ways in which land is developed and used. Capacity expansion Problems of water supply can be solved in two ways: 1) optimal control theory, and 2) mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). Each method has its strengths and weaknesses. In this study the MINLP approach is used because of its strength of determining expansion sizing and timing simultaneously. A dynamic network optimization model and a water-distribution network analysis model can address the dynamic interdependence between water planning and land use planning. While the water-distribution network analysis model evaluates the performance of generated networks over time, the dynamic optimization model chooses alternatives to meet expanding water needs. In addition, the user and capacity expansion modeling-to-generate-alternatives (MGA) can generate alternatives. A cost benefit analysis module using a normalization technique helps in choosing the most economical among those alternatives. GIS provide a tool for estimating the volume of demanded water and showing results of the capacity expansion model.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.7-15
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• 2011

The travel time value is important factor for the evaluation of feasibility the transportation facility investment. The existing method for calculation of the travel time for each mode uses daily average trip purpose. So the value of travel time is constant because it is estimated with only daily average proportion. This daily constant time value can distort the results of future demands of toll roads or economic appraisals for the projects. The proportion of the trip purpose varies by time periods. Accordingly the value of travel time also varies by time periods. In this study, times periods are classified as morning peak, evening peak, business time off-peak, and non-business time off-peak. And trip purpose proportions are sorted by each time period from raw data of Seoul household trip study, then the value of travel time for each time period is estimated with these sorted purpose proportions. A case study of Seoul Jung-gu and Yongsan-gu performed with newly estimated time value by time periods. The result of benefit calculation with the daily constant time value is overestimated approximately annual 2.5 billion Won compared by time values by time periods. The demands of toll roads are also overestimated with the existing daily constant time value by daily 3,500 vehicles and total revenue of toll roads are overestimated by annually 1 billion Won. In conclusion, the value of travel time by each time period enables the more precise economic evaluation of the transportation facility investment projects, mode choice behavior, and route choice behavior especially for toll roads.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.123-133
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• 2007

This study analyzed whether a transit network with hierarchy is efficient or not, and if transit network hierarchy has cost efficiency, then which condition guarantees the efficiency of the transit network hierarchy. The authors modeled the total cost of the transit network and suggested the conditions in which the transit network hierarchy has cost efficiency through comparing the cost of the transit network with and without hierarchy. The efficiency of transit network hierarchy is guaranteed when the travel cost savings induced by using a higher hierarchy transit network is larger than the increasing non-travel cost, which is the sum of access cost, waiting cost, and operating cost, induced by the introduction of a higher hierarchy transit network. This result is consistent with common sense and with the concept of cost and benefit analysis. If a passenger traveling within the area divided by a higher hierarchy transit network uses only a lower hierarchy transit network and the passenger traveling out of the area divided by the higher hierarchy transit network uses both lower and higher hierarchy transit networks, the travel demand using the higher hierarchy transit network is inversely proportional to the square of the line spacing. This means that the transit network becomes more efficient and small increases of travel demand guarantee the efficiency of the transit network hierarchy as the connectivity of the network becomes higher. This result shows that transit networks have economies of aggregation. This study is the first analytical research on transit network hierarchy and is expected to be a basis for numerical research. However, numerical research should complement this study, since analytical research has some limitations for considering a real network.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.395-433
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• 2021

This paper aims to examine the effects of homeownership and residential types on the economic values of urban green spaces. Green open spaces as public goods provide positive externalities that are comprised of pecuniary and technological externalities. Seoul, South Korea, is used as a case study using choice experiments, with split-sample online respondents of 1,000. The study results evidenced that the differentiation between the two types of externalities is imperative for equitable provisions and efficient management of various urban open spaces. There is a positively significant and substantial impact of homeownership for apartment dwellers, ceteris paribus, but not for house dwellers. For apartments, the efficiency loss can be reduced by increasing green spaces up to the critical point where the marginal cost is at equilibrium with tenants' marginal values. For non-apartment houses, it is not homeownership but the monthly household income that has a significant impact on the amenity value. In general, public benefits from green spaces are equivalent to 16% to 33% of the current residential prices on average for a view or access. Different residential types do not cause a significant impact on the access values. Residential profiles for green spaces were developed, together with tailor-made policy suggestions.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.161-179
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• 2009

Nowadays an increasing number of Internet users are running individual websites as Blog or Cyworld. As this type of personal media has a great influence on communication among people, business comes to care about Network Effect, Network Software, and Social Network. For instance, Cyworld created the web service called 'Minihompy' for individual web-logs, and acquired 2.4milion users in 2007. Although many people assumed that the popularity of Minihompy, or Blog would be a passing fad, Cyworld has improved its service, and expanded its Network with various contents. This kind of expansion reflects survival efforts from infinite competitions among ISPs (Internet Service Provider) with focus on enhancing usability to users. However, Cyworld's Network Effect is gradually diminished in these days. Both of low production cost of service vendors and the low searching/conversing costs of users combine to make ISPs hard to keep their market share sustainable. To overcome this lackluster trend, Cyworld has adopted new strategies and try to lock their users in their service. Various efforts to improve the continuance and expansion of Network effect remain unclear and uncertain. If we understand beforehand how a service would improve Network effect, and which service could bring more effect, ISPs can get substantial help in launching their new business strategy. Regardless many diverse ideas to increase their user's duration online ISPs cannot guarantee 'how the new service strategies will end up in profitability. Therefore, this research studies about Network effect of Cyworld's 'Minihompy' using System-Dynamics method which could analyze dynamic relation between users and ISPs. Furthermore, the research aims to predict changes of Network Effect based on the strategy of new service. 'Page View' and 'Duration Time' can be enhanced for the short tenn because they enhance the service functionality. However, these services cannot increase the Network in the long-run. Limitations of this research include that we predict the future merely based on the limited data. We also limit the independent variables over Network Effect only to the following two issues: Increasing the number of users and increasing the Service Functionality. Despite of some limitations, this study perhaps gives some insights to the policy makers or others facing the stiff competition in the network business.