• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.295-309
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• 2021

Maker education has recently been actively practiced under strong governmental support as a nation-wide policy for innovative education, which now had to confront the unexpected challenge and crisis of 'contactless educational environments' due to COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, this study aimed to develop a checklist needed for developing 'contactless maker education program' which still continues to maintain 'maker mindsets' as the goal and direction of maker education, since maker education has been regarded as an alternative educational environment suitable for the 4th industrial revolution age. For this purpose, this study first conducted literature review related to maker education and contactless (i.e. online) education environments, from which several characteristics of the contactless maker education have been extracted. And then, 5 maker education instructors currently conducting the contactless maker education programs in various settings provided feedback on the developed checklist draft, which actually became the final version of the checklist. Considering the current COVID-19 pandemic situation, the checklist for the contactless Maker education might be helpful in preventing to diminish or reduce the educational values and active application of maker education.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2009

One set of hardware system of guide point method (GP method), modified from the multistage convergent photographing technique, was developed to interpret the geometrical characteristics of Joints photogrammetrically on rock slope. Before the field application of the hardware system, the level of errors and constraints that ran be acceptable in the field measurement has been severely investigated in the laboratory and the optimum photographing scheme was analyzed. The range of the most suitable convergence angle between two cameras was $25^{\circ}{\sim}150^{\circ}$ and the photographing distance was about 5.5 m when using a 2 M pixel digital camera. An extended analyzing technique, which was newly developed in this study, was applied to the field measurement to magnify the benefits of GP method. This technique can be applied when survey for the wide range of rock surface is necessary. The global coordinates of ground control points for the neighbor photographing area ran be introduced without any preparation from the previous photographed area using this technique. It could reduce phographing time in the field.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2004

There has been enormous growth in the amount of commercial and scientific data, such as retail transactions, protein sequences, and web-logs. Such datasets consist of sequence data that have an inherent sequential nature. However, few clustering algorithms consider sequentiality. In this paper, we study how to cluster sequence datasets. We propose a new similarity measure to compute the similarity between two sequences. We also present an efficient method for determining the similarity measure and develop a clustering algorithm. Due to the high computational complexity of hierarchical clustering algorithms for clustering large datasets, a new clustering method is required. Therefore, we propose a new scalable clustering method using sampling and a k-nearest-neighbor method. Using a real dataset and a synthetic dataset, we show that the quality of clusters generated by our proposed approach is better than that of clusters produced by traditional algorithms.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.511-523
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• 2014

Limit equilibrium analysis and finite difference analysis were used to evaluate slope stability in the in Gohan, Korea, which is affected by large-scale tensile cracks and uplift. There is a thick colluvial layer in the study area and predicting ground behavior is problematic because the presence of clay makes it difficult to determine the strength parameters of the soil. Consequently, a numerical model able to reflect the collapse properties of the site was required that applied the modified boundary layer model and calculated the strength parameters using back analysis. The numerical simulation results that consider the strength parameter one does with the present situation the establishment of the pile is completed, and the simulation is able to asses ground stability in complex terrain in a reliable manner. Also the somewhat it judges with the fact that it will be able to provide the fundamental data which secures the stability of the segment where it is unstable.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.234-239
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to find out the nature of language variation by exploring the ways of the progress of the language variation that produces all English-lects, i.e., the World Englishes. The study of language variation in linguistics is a hybrid enterprise, so the study of World Englishes has led to the recognition of a highly diverse set of all English-lects, encompassing regional dialects, sociolects, ethnolects and (post-)colonial dialects of World Englishes. In this paper, we propose a hybrid language variation model with three interacting factors of social distancing, on/off-contact, and linguistic diversity to examine the characteristics of language variation. In the context of World Englishes, the social distance is typically low in terms of their local location (country/speech) for local purposes. The social distance also varies based on online/offline communication modes and other social factors like gender, age and ethnic groups, resulting in all English-lects. To clarify the nature of World Englishes, the core Englishes, BrE, AmE and CanE are discussed here.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.725-733
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• 2022

This study applied a hydraulic rock splitting system equipped with a hybrid packer to the bench-cut method. The hybrid packer system is an improvement of the packer developed in previous studies; it is designed efficiently to reduce vibration and noise during rock excavation by combining the two functions of inducing hydraulic fractures using injection pressure and then expanding and extending them using a rubber packer. Field experiments assessed the efficiency of rock excavation with respect to the injection conditions; the adjusted experimental conditions included the distance from the free surface and the test holes drilled at the top of the slope and the injection settings. Using a separation of 5 m left some unexcavated parts, but using a separation of 1 m left no unexcavated parts. The hydraulic fractures generated by the injection pressure developed generally parallel to the free surface and expanded and extended as the rubber packer expanded, thus facilitating bench-cut excavation. For hydraulic rock splitting to be broadly applicable to bench-cut rock excavation, it is important to accumulate results from many field experiments conducted under varying experimental conditions for various types of rockmass.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.31-56
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• 2023

As the COVID-19 pandemic is prolonged, non-contact work has increased, as well as the demand for automation of simple and repetitive questions and tasks with success of using them. Therefore, companies are attempting to expand the area of automated business and apply various technologies such as AI to complex and various business processes of E2E to provide automation of all business. However, the extension to Intelligent Process Automation (IPA) is still in its beginning stage so that it is difficult to find practical use cases and related solutions. In this aspect, it is safe to say that there is insufficient evidence for companies which have various and complex enterprise processes to make a decision about the adoption. In this study, to solve this problem, a Hyper Automation Platform (HAP) that consists of RPA, Chatbot, and AI technology was proposed. Moreover, an implementation method that can bring intelligent process automation using HAP, and practical use-cases were provided so that it makes it possible to review the implementation of the HAP objectively and comprehensively. This study is meaningful and valuable to check the feasibility of the Hyper Automation concept and to actively utilize HAP.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.2 s.55
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• pp.153-162
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• 1996

Rapid maxillary expansion is widely used for the correction of anteroposterior discrepancies, constriction of the maxillary arch, etc. This experiment was undertaken to examine the serial changes in the osteogenesis as well as the collagen fiber bundles in the intermaxillary suture during the rapid maxillary expansion treatment. Four young female dogs aged 6 to 8 months old and not showing menarche yet were used for the experiment. The maxillary impression of dogs were taken, expansion device cast and Hyrax screw soldered at the midline in the 1st premolar area. RME device was delivered to the dogs and the activation of 0.25 mm per quarter-turn was done 2 times per day for 10 days until 5 mm separation was made. Separation of the maxilla was confirmed by X-ray. The animals were sacrificed on 0, 15, 30, 60 days from the finish of maxillary separation and preparations for light microscopy and surface electron microscopy were made. The sutures were cut into frontal serial sections for examination of the histological reactions. The following results were obtained and the conclusions made. 1. The edges of the two palatal plates bordering the midpalatal suture which at the beginning of the retention period were mainly composed of compact bone, underwent extensive resorption followed by new bone formation and gradually became spongy bone rich in bone marrow which in the 60 day retention animal became the compact bone with short intermaxillary suture space. During this transformation, newly formed trabecular bone tissues were added to the original margin. 2. Throughout the expansion period, the collagen fibers underwent successive changes such as stretching, loss of polarity, and finally fibrillogenesis. Towards the end of the expansion procedure, sharpey's fiber formation in newly formed bones were observed. 3. Bony spicules were found in the initial stage of retention on occlusal topographic X-rays, which later were confirmed to have ossified. 4. Judging from the histological changes occuring during the experimental expansion, excessive expansion will cause an excessive bleeding, and retard the remodeling of intermaxillary suture. According to the above results, the bone remodeling after rapid maxillary expansion was preceded by the migration of migratory cells into the intermaxillary suture area. The bone remodeling phenomena were on-going during the 2 months retention sample.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.516-521
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• 2011

In this paper, an inverted-triangle patch UWB antenna with an uneven ground planes and an inverted T-slot for 5 GHz WLAN band rejection is presented. The operating bandwidth of the proposed antenna fed with the CPW line is expanded from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz for about -10 dB return loss using three angular parameters correlated to the main patch and the ground plane. The fabricated antenna on Taconic RF-60A substrate with 6.16 relative dielectric constant and 0.64 mm thickness has a main antenna patch size of 36 mm${\times}$19.5 mm. The measured results show return losses of about -10 dB and nearly omni-directional radiation patterns. The proposed UWB antenna has advantages of easily adjustable impedance characteristics by the three angular parameters and easily accomplishable band rejection characteristics by the inverted T-slot.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.31-40
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• 2016

In order to investigate the change in soil arch structure developed within the soil subjected to trapdoor movement, various responses in the deformed particle assembly were observed via photoelastic measurement technique. The particle assembly was composed of the regularly stacked model particles coated by thin photoelastic material. Variation of the internal structure transmitting contact forces were observed by taking images showing the photoelastic responses and compared with the change in slip lines and pressures measured by load cells placed beneath the assembly. Initial soil arch structure established immediately after the trapdoor movement collapsed progressively and meanwhile a new extended structure was developed against further movement of the trapdoor. For the sufficient movement of the trapdoor, initially identical regions bounded by the soil arch structure and slip lines were separated and the region enclosed by slip lines became a part of the region loosing the transmitting contact forces identified by photoelastic measurement.