• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.461-466
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• 2010

In this study the feasibility of simultaneous electricity generation and treatment of swine farm wastewater using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was examined. Two single-chamber MFCs containing an anode filled with different ratio of graphite felt and stainless-steel cross strip was used in all tests. The proportion of stainless-steel cross strip to graphite felt in the anode of control microbial fuel cell (CMFC) was higher than that of swine microbial fuel cell (SMFC) to reduce construction costs. SMFCs produced a stable current of 18 mA by swine wastewater with chemical oxygen demand (COD) of $3.167{\pm}80\;mg/L$ after enriched. The maximum power density and current density of SMFCs were $680\;mW/m^3$ and $3,770\;mA/m^3$, respectively. In the CMFC, power density and current density was lower than that of SMFC. CODs decreased by the SMFC and CMFC from $3.167{\pm}80$ to $865{\pm}21$ and $930{\pm}14\;mg/L$, achieving 72.7% and 70.6% COD removal, respectively. The suspended solid (SS) of both fuel cells was also reduced over 99% ($4,533{\pm}67$ to $24.0{\pm}6.0\;mg/L$). The concentration of nutritive salts, ${NH_4}^+$, ${NO_3}^-$, and ${PO_4}^{3-}$, dropped by 65.4%, 57.5%, and 73.7% by the SMFC, respectively. These results were similar with those of CMFC. These results show that the microbial fuel cells using electrode with mix stainless-steel cross strip and graphite felt can treat the swine wastewater simultaneously with an electricity generation from swine wastewater.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.439-458
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• 2013

Temporal and spatial variations of water quality were investigated in the Cheonsu Bay of Yellow Sea, Korea from 2010 to 2011. Water samples were collected at 16 stations and physicochemical parameters were analyzed including water temperature, salinity, suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen (DO), Chlorophyll a and nutrients. Spatial distribution patterns of all survey items were not clear among stations but the bimonthly variations were distinct except the bottom water of the suspended solids. The trend analysis by principal component analysis (PCA) during 2 years revealed the significant variations in water quality in the study area. Spatial water qualities were discriminated into 3 clusters by PCA; station cluster in the surface water 1, 2~11, and 12~16, the bottom water 1, 2~7, and 8~16. Annual bimonthly water qualities were clearly discriminated into 3 clusters by PCA. But tend of cluster in the surface and bottom water was difference, period most of the research was low in nutrient. Ecology-based water quality criteria was a good level of grade II. Bimonthly results are shown as III grade(normal) at June and August, II grade(good) at October and December and I grade for February and April. Water quality was showed by the input of fresh water same as those of Kyoungin coastal area, Asan coastal area, Gunsan coastal and Mokpo coastal area in the Cheonsu.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the bacteriological and physiological quality of seawater and surface sediments in Sacheon Bay of Korea from January to September in 2009. During the study period, the means of temperature was range from 5.3 to $24.9^{\circ}C$ (mean $17.7{\pm}0.4^{\circ}C$), transparency range from 1.4 to 2.5 m (mean $1.8{\pm}0.5m$), suspended solid ranged from 16.2 to 35.8 mg/L (mean $24.2{\pm}2.2mg/L$), chemical oxygen demand ranged from 1.42 to $3.29mgO_2/L$ (mean $2.06{\pm}0.55mgO_2/L$), dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.7 to 9.5mg/L (mean $7.9{\pm}0.6mg/L$), respectively. Seafood, if eaten raw, carries the risk of food poisoning. Seafood poisoning is often cause by pathogenic microorganism originating from fecal contamination, such as Salmonella sp., Shigella sp. and norovirus. Fecal coliforms are an important indicator of fecal contamination. Therefor, data on fecal coliform are very important for evaluating the safety of fisheries in coastal areas. So, we investigated the sanitary indicate bacteria. In this study, 56 sea water samples were collected from the Sacheon Bay, and total and fecal coliforms were compared and analyzed. The coliform group and fecal coliform MPN's of sea water in Sacehon Bay were ranged from <1.8~7,900 MPN/100mL (GM 214.7 MPN/100mL) and <1.8~330 MPN/100mL (GM 9.7 MPN/ 100mL), respectively. Total coliforms were detected in 75.0% of the samples and 76.2% of the total coliforms were fecal coliforms. During the study period, the means of water content, ignition loss, COD, and acid volatile sulfates in sediments in Sacheon Bay were $53.28{\pm}2.58%$, $9.38{\pm}0.42%$, $14.23{\pm}3.36mgO_2/g$, $0.09{\pm}0.07mgS/g$, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to collect basis data for to establish standard administrative processes of liquid fertilizer treatment. From this survey we could make out the key point of each step through a case of effective liquid manure treatment system in pig house. It is divided into six step; 1. piggery slurry management step, 2. Solid-liquid separation step, 3. liquid fertilizer treatment (aeration) step, 4. liquid fertilizer treatment (microorganism, recirculation and internal return) step, 5. liquid fertilizer treatment (completion) step, 6. land application step. From now on, standardization process of liquid manure treatment technologies need to be develop based on the six steps process.