• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.649-656
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• 1992

The synthesis of epichlorohydrin was carried out by the epoxidation of allyl chloride with tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP) over silica supported molybdenum catalyst. Kinetic study was performed at $60-80^{\circ}C$ and 10 atm with the molar ratio of TBHP/Allyl chloride between 0.01 and 0.1 in a batch reactor. The epoxidation of allyl chloride was inhibited by tert-butyl alcohol and kinetic data could be represented by Michaelis-Meten type rate equation. The reaction mechanism could be explained by the combination of reversible adsorption of TBHP and tert-butyl alcohol accompanied by reaction of allyl chloride with TBHP adsorbed on $Mo/SiO_2$ catalyst.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.348-352
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• 2011

In this research, we have synthesized new pendant-type polyurethane polymers by introducing various chromophores with stilbene derivatives in the side-chain of the polymer backbone. The Stilbene monomers, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amino-4'-cyanostilbene, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-4'-methoxy stilbene, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-4'-acetylstilbene, and N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amino stilbene, were synthesized by Wittig reaction. Another stilbene monomer, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-4'-nitrostilbene, was synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation. By the measurement of UV-Vis absorption and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, we found that introduction of the electron-withdrawing group as a substituent shifts both UV-Vis and PL spectra to longer wavelength, and the introduction of the electron-donating group results in blue-shift of the spectrum. In case of polymer with $NO_2$ group as a substituent, PL is quenched.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.967-974
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• 1994

We studied the cure kinetics of the DGEBA(Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A)/MDA(4, 4' -methylene dianiline)/MN(Malononitrile)/HQ(Hydroquinone) system by Barrett method and Integral method with dynamic runs of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Kinetic parameters such as activation energy and pre-exponential factor were obtained and reaction order was estimated roughly supposing that present system was adjusted to nth order reaction. The MN(Malononitrile) was introduced as a chain extender and HQ(Hydroquinone) as a reactive accelerator or catalyst.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.210-218
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• 2019

Batch experiment studies were carried out on the adsorption of the major tar compound, 2-picoline, derived from the plant cell cultures of Taxus chinensis, using Sylopute while varying parameters such as initial 2-picoline concentration, contact time and adsorption temperature. The experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. Comparison of results revealed that the Langmuir isotherm model could account for the adsorption isotherm data with the highest accuracy among the four isotherm models considered. From the analysis of adsorption isotherms, it was found that adsorption capacity decreased with increasing temperature and the adsorption of 2-picoline onto Sylopute was favorable. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while intraparticle diffusion and boundary layer diffusion did not play a dominated role in 2-picoline adsorption according to the intraparticle diffusion model. Thermodynamic parameters revealed the exothermic, irreversible and non-spontaneous nature of adsorption. The isosteric heat of adsorption decreased as surface loading ($q_e$) increased, indicating a heterogeneous surface.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.408-413
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• 1975

Dichloro-dioxo-tungsten(VI) complexes containing oxygen donor in anhydrous organic acid have been synthesized. Sodium tungstate reacts with acetylchlorides to produce the mononuclear complexes, yellow powder having $WO_2Cl_2(RCO)_2O$ as general formula. Their chemical properties and the possible structure are proposed by the results of spectral data and chemical observation.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.144-155
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• 1994

마이크로파 에너지로서 현미경 관찰을 위한 생체물질을 고정할 때, 고정효과는 화학 고정액을 사용할 때와 비교하여 보다 우수한 또는 적어도 동일한 고정효과를 볼 수 있다는 것은 알려진 사실이다. 그러나 기존의 마이크로파 오븐을 사용하여 생체물질을 고정하면 고정 정도에 일정성이 없는데, 이는 마이크로파가 균일하게 조사되지 않고 고정에 적절하도록 마이크로팍의 강도를 조절하기 어려우며, 이로 인하여 정확한 고정온도의 측정이 불가능하기 때문으로 생각된다. 이 연구에서는 마이크로파가 조사되는 동안 시료의 온도를 측정할 수 없는 기존의 마이크연.파 오븐의 단점을 보완하기 위하여 비접촉식 적외선 온도 감응기를 장착한 마이크로파 오븐을 개발하였으며 고정효과를 관찰하기 위하여는 포유류의 기준 조직으로 알려진 생쥐의 신장을 고정하였다 고정효과는 전체적인 구조와 세부 구조의 보존이 모두 우수하였고 최적의 고정온도는 28$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$(완충용액 20 ml, 10초) 이었다. 이와같이 고정된 재료는 고정효과 뿐만 아니라 염색성이 좋아서 조직화학 반응이 우수하고, 냉동절편법과 연계했을 때 전체 절편제작 과정이 2~4시간 내에 완료될 수 있었다 이때 절편의 질(질)은 화학 고정액이나 냉동절편 법에 의하여 제작된 것 보다 우수하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.324-331
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• 1973

We study a mixture of ideal gases by use of recently developed methods in continuum thermodynamics of irreversible processes. A complete form of the free energy function and the gas law for each component are derived directly from an entropy production inequality by assuming that: (1) Constitutive functions depend on the mass densities, the diffusion velocities, the temperature and its gradient only. (2) Phenomenological coefficients appearing in an extra entropy flux are material constants. (3) The internal energy density per unit mass is independent of the total mass density (Joule).

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.248-254
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• 2016

Efficacious wastewater treatment is essential for increasing sewage sludge volume and implementing strict environmental regulations. The operation cost of sludge treatment amounts up to 50% of the total costs for wastewater treatment plants, therefore, an economical sludge destruction method is crucially needed. Amid several destruction methods, wet air oxidation (WAO) can efficiently treat wastewater containing organic pollutants. It can be used not only for sludge destruction but also for useful by-product production. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), one of many byproducts, is considered to be an important precursor of biofuel and chemical materials. Its high reaction condition has instituted the study of gravity pressure reactor (GPR) for an economical process of WAO to reduce operation cost. Simulation of subcritical condition was conducted using Aspen Plus with predictive Soave-Redlich-Kwong (PSRK) equation of state. Conjointly, simulation analysis for GPR depth, oxidizer type, sludge flow rate and oxidizer injection position was carried out. At GPR depth of 1000m and flow rate of 2 ton/h, the conversion and yield of VFAs were 92.02% and 0.17g/g, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.342-350
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• 1988

An experimental investigation is made to determine the mechanism of the aquation of $[Co(en)_2Cl_2]^+$ in $Hg^{2+}$ aqueous solution. The progress of reaction is followed UV/vis-spectrophotometrically by a measurment of the absorbance at a specific wavelength of Co(III) complex as a function of time. The aquation of cis-$[Co(en)_2Cl_2]^+$ and trans-$[Co(en)_2Cl_2]^+$ has been found to be first order and second order with respect to the concentration of $Hg^{2+}$ catalyst, respectively. It has been found that the reaction rate for aquation of the trans-form is faster than that of cis-form, and that the product of either cis-form or trans-form is always in the mixture ratio of 97 % to 3 %. Plausible reaction mechanism is proposed for the reaction system on the basis of kinetic data and activation parameters. Theoretical rate equation derived from the proposed mechanism is consistent with the observed one.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2020

Electrochemical Quartz Crystal microbalance is a tool that is capable of measuring nanogram-scale mass change on electrode surface. When applying alternating voltage to the quartz crystal with metal electrode formed on both sides, a resonant frequency by inverse piezoelectric effect depends on its thickness. The resonant frequency changes sensitively by mass change on its electrode surface; frequency increase with metal dissolution and decrease with metal deposition on the electrode surface. The relationship between resonant frequency and mass change is shown by Sauerbrey equation so that the mass change during metal dissolution can be measured in real time. Especially, it is effective in the case of reaction mechanism and rate studies accompanied by precipitation, volatilization, compound formation, etc. resulting in difficulties on ex-situ AA or ICP analysis. However, it should be carefully considered during EQCM experiments that temperature, viscosity, and hydraulic pressure of solution, and stress and surface roughness can affect on the resonant frequency. Application of EQCM was shown as a case study on leaching of platinum using aqueous chlorine for obtaining activation energy. A platinum electrode of quartz crystal oscillator with 1000 Å thickness exposed to solution was used as leaching sample. Electrogenerated chlorine as oxidant was purged and its concentration was controlled in hydrochloric acid solution. From the experimental results, platinum dissolution by chlorine is chemical reaction control with activation energy of 83.5 kJ/mol.