• Title/Summary/Keyword: 화장장

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Impacts of Depression, Somatization, and Jaw Disability on Graded Chronic Pain in TMD Patients (우울, 신체화, 턱기능장애가 측두하악장애 환자의 만성통증척도에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Cheul;Shin, Eun-Seop;Chung, Jin-Woo
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.353-360
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    • 2005
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of depression, somatization, and jaw disability on graded chronic pain of TMD using Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Ninety-three patients (17 men and 76 women, mean$\pm$SD age of 30.1$\pm$12.5 years) diagnosed with TMD based on RDC/TMD axis I criteria were administered RDC/TMD axis II history questionnaire. The relationships between depression, somatization, jaw disability, and each parameters of graded chronic pain (e.g. pain intensity, pain days, disability score, disability days, graded chronic pain scale) were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Among 93 TMD patients, the prevalence of low disability group of graded chronic pain scale was 42.0% and high disability group of graded chronic pain scale was 51.5%. 2. Depression did not show any significant influences on pain intensity, pain days, disability score, disability days, and graded chronic pain scale. 3. Somatization showed a significant effect on pain intensity (p<0.01), disability days (p<0.01), and graded chronic pain scale (p<0.01) except for both pain days and disability score. 4. Jaw disability also showed a significant effect on pain intensity (P<0.001), disability days (p<0.01), and graded chronic pain scale (P<0.001) except for both pain days and disability score. Somatization and jaw disability may closely relate to the pain intensity and degree of disability that TMD patients perceive. Therefore, comprehensive understanding of psychological profile and improvement of functional limitation of jaw movements in the patient should be considered to obtain an excellent outcome of chronic TMD management.

Effect of Planting Density, Growing Medium and Nutrient Solution Strength on Growth and Development of Lily in Box Culture (나리의 상자재배시 재식밀도, 배지 및 양액농도가 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Chae, Soo Cheon
    • FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.36-43
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    • 2008
  • This purpose of this study was to examine the effect of planting density, growing medium and strength of a nutrient solution (National Horticultural Research Institute's nutrient solution: HRI's) on the growth and development of Oriental hybrid lily 'Le Reve' in a box cultivation. The planting density with 14, 18 and 22 bulbs had sprouting one day earlier than other treatments. Planting density of 22 bulbs flowered first, while six bulbs flowered the last, indicating that higher planting densities led earlier flowering. The increasing planting density increased stem length of cut flowers. On the other hand, cut flower quality was improved when the planting density was lower. The incidence of physiological disorders such as blasting was more frequent in planting density of 22, 18, and 14, indicating that higher planting densities caused higher incidences of physiological disorders. All planting densities except 22 bulbs displayed superior results in width, weight, number, and scale weight of the bulbs. Greater planting densities led to inferior bulb enlargement and an increased decomposition rate. pH decreased in all treatments after the bulb enlargement and decreased more as the planting density increased. Contents of P, K, Ca, and Mg increased, while contents of K and Ca decreased, as the planting density increased. The rice hull+coir (1:1, v/v) treatment was better than others, but did not show that much of a difference. Moreover, in bulbs enlargement after cut flower harvest, lily medium and perlite+peat moss treatments showed superior results, and decomposition rate was the greatest in the rice hull+coir (1:1, v/v) treatment. In the HRI's solution strength treatment from the period of flower bud emergence to flower harvest, higher solution strengths gave better cut flower quality in terns of length, weight, and number of flowers. The non-treated control and one third strength of a HRI's solution hastened flowering, indicating that lower strengths led to earlier flowering. According to the results of leaf analysis as affected by solution strength during the flower harvest, absorption rates of N and K were greater when the strength was higher, and Ca and Mg showed the same tendency. On the other hand, the absorption rate of P was the lowest in all treatments.

Studies on Properties and Qualities of Common Hardwoods in Korea (유용(有用) 활엽수재의(闊葉樹材) 재질(材質)에 관(關)한 시험(試驗))

  • Jung, Hee-Suk;Park, Hi-Yang;Jo, Jae-Myeong;Shim, Chong-Supp
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.52-67
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    • 1982
  • We have relatively heavy stocks of hardwood which consist of inferior and nonproductive natural hardwood species in Korea. As conception above to develope these forest resources, the study was carried out to obtain the basical data for the reasonable and efficient utilization of hardwoods. The sample trees were selected 11 natural hardwood species grown in Kangwon-do region and Kwangnoong Experimental Forest. We have investigated anatomical, physical and mechanical properties of them. Especially, Quercus species which is a major species in the forests was investigated on qualities of trees, logs and lumbers, recevery of bucking and lumber yield, etc.

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Breeding of A New Saxifraga fortune Cultivar (Hybrid) 'Crystal' with Light Pink on a White Green Ground Colored Petals for Pot Flower (연한 녹색 바탕에 밝은 핑크색 꽃의 분화용 바위떡풀 신품종 '크리스탈' 육성)

  • Suh, Jong-Taek;Hong, Su-Young;Yoo, Dong-Lim;Nam, Chun-Woo;Ryu, Seung-Yeol;Lee, Eung-Ho
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.224-228
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    • 2012
  • A new $Saxifraga$ $fortunei$ cultivar 'Crystal' was bred by crossing 'Dotaerang' with light pink and light Green (RP 58D) colored petals and 'Rocksun' with light pink and light green white (RP62A + GW157A) colored petals. The selection and flower characterization were conducted from 2004 to 2007 in a greenhouse of the National Institute of Highland Agriculture. The flowering of 'Crystal' occurred from September 21 for 31 days. The number of flowers per plant was 279.0 with many flowering habit. The flower coloration was mixed light pink and green white (RP62D + GW157B) at the opening. The number of petals were 7.0, with a width of 2.1 cm and length of 1.8 cm. The plant height was 15.3 cm and number of leaves was 133.7. 'Crystal' cultivar can be used for pot flower. Fifty percent shading is a good cultural practice against direct sunlight and soft rot disease would occurs usually by over-irrigation. 'Crystal' cultivar was registered as a new variety with No. 3466 at Korea Seed and Variety Service in April of 2011 year.

Breeding of a New Saxifraga fortunei Hybrid 'Pinkle' with Dark Pink-Colored Petals as a Pot Flower (분화용 진한 핑크색 바위떡풀 신품종 '핑클' 육성)

  • Suh, Jong-Taek;Hong, Soo-Young;Yoo, Dong-Lim;Nam, Chun-Woo;Ryu, Seung-Yeol;Lee, Eung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.152-155
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    • 2012
  • A new Saxifraga fortunei 'Pinkle' was bred by crossing 'Juno' with 'Hongoan', both with light pink (RP-N66A)-colored petals. The selection of promising lines and characterization of flowers were conducted from 2004 to 2008 year in greenhouses of the Highland Agriculture Research Center, NICS, RDA. The flowering of 'Pinkle' starts on October 7 and lasted for 27 days. The number of flowers per plant is 99.7 with many flowering habits. The flower show mixed dark pink (R-P N66C) colors at opening. The flower have 5.0 petals, each have the size is 2.9 cm in width and 3.2 cm in length. Mean plant height is 15.8 cm and number of leaves are 44.3 ea. 'Pinkle' can be used as a pot flower. Fifty percent shading of the sunlight is recommended and soft rot disease occurs caused by over-irrigation. 'Pinkle' was registered as a new cultivar in Korea Seed and Variety Service in April 2011.

Dedicatory Inscriptions on the Amitabha Buddha and Maitreya Bodhisattva Sculptures of Gamsansa Temple (감산사(甘山寺) 아미타불상(阿彌陁佛像)과 미륵보살상(彌勒菩薩像) 조상기(造像記)의 연구)

  • Nam, Dongsin
    • MISULJARYO - National Museum of Korea Art Journal
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    • v.98
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    • pp.22-53
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    • 2020
  • This paper analyzes the contents, characteristics, and historical significance of the dedicatory inscriptions (josanggi) on the Amitabha Buddha and the Maitreya Bodhisattva statues of Gamsansa Temple, two masterpieces of Buddhist sculpture from the Unified Silla period. In the first section, I summarize research results from the past century (divided into four periods), before presenting a new perspective and methodology that questions the pre-existing notion that the Maitreya Bodhisattva has a higher rank than the Amitabha Buddha. In the second section, through my own analysis of the dedicatory inscriptions, arrangement, and overall appearance of the two images, I assert that the Amitabha Buddha sculpture actually held a higher rank and greater significance than the Maitreya Bodhisattva sculpture. In the third section, for the first time, I provide a new interpretation of two previously undeciphered characters from the inscriptions. In addition, by comparing the sentence structures from the respective inscriptions and revising the current understanding of the author (chanja) and calligrapher (seoja), I elucidate the possible meaning of some ambiguous phrases. Finally, in the fourth section, I reexamine the content of both inscriptions, differentiating between the parts relating to the patron (josangju), the dedication (josang), and the prayers of the patrons or donors (balwon). In particular, I argue that the phrase "for my deceased parents" is not merely a general axiom, but a specific reference. To summarize, the dedicatory inscriptions can be interpreted as follows: when Kim Jiseong's parents died, they were cremated and he scattered most of their remains by the East Sea. But years later, he regretted having no physical memorial of them to which to pay his respects. Thus, in his later years, he donated his estate on Gamsan as alms and led the construction of Gamsansa Temple. He then commissioned the production of the two stone sculptures of Amitabha Buddha and Maitreya Bodhisattva for the temple, asking that they be sculpted realistically to reflect the actual appearance of his parents. Finally, he enshrined the remains of his parents in the sculptures through the hole in the back of the head (jeonghyeol). The Maitreya Bodhisattva is a standing image with a nirmanakaya, or "transformation Buddha," on the crown. As various art historians have pointed out, this iconography is virtually unprecedented among Maitreya images in East Asian Buddhist sculpture, leading some to speculate that the standing image is actually the Avalokitesvara. However, anyone who reads the dedicatory inscription can have no doubt that this image is in fact the Maitreya. To ensure that the sculpture properly embodied his mother (who wished to be reborn in Tushita Heaven with Maitreya Bodhisattva), Kim Jiseong combined the iconography of the Maitreya and Avalokitesvara (the reincarnation of compassion). Hence, Kim Jiseong's deep love for his mother motivated him to modify the conventional iconography of the Maitreya and Avalokitesvara. A similar sentiment can be found in the sculpture of Amitabha Buddha. To this day, any visitor to the temple who first looks at the sculptures from the front before reading the text on the back will be deeply touched by the filial love of Kim Jiseong, who truly cherished the memory of his parents.