• The Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.11 s.342
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• pp.16-19
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• 1997

미국을 비롯한 선진국들이 우주의 신비를 캐기 위한 탐사작업에 열을 올리고 있다. 미국은 지난 7월 우주선 패스파인더호를 발사, 화성표면에 착륙시켜 화성의 생생한 자료를 지구로 보내온 것을 계기로 2005년에는 화성 왕복선을 발사하고 2010년에는 인간이 직접 화성을 방문하는 계획을 실현할 계획이다. 또 미국과 러시아는 차세대 우주정거장 '알파'를 내년에 발사하기로 했다. 더욱 활발해진 우주개발의 현황을 알아본다.

• Aerospace Industry
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• v.49
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• pp.48-51
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• 1997

지구 주위에 인공위성을 띄어 그것을 이용하는 상업적 길이 열린지 오래고 날이 갈수록 다양해지고 있다. 이런 우주기술을 바탕으로 화성탐사계획이 진행중인 가운데 이미 목성과 수성의 사진 촬영에 성공하여 그 두 별에 사람이 보내질 날도 그리 멀지 않은 것 같다.

• Aerospace Industry
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• v.76
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• pp.53-55
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• 2001

경기도 화성시에 위치한 보원경금속(주)는 자동차, 선박, 철도, 광학 기계, 건설, 방산품, 반도체 등 다양한 분야에 걸쳐 알루미늄 압출재를 생산하고 있는 중소기업이다. 최근 이 업체는 5년 이내에 국내 항공기용 알루미늄 압출재의 수준을 세계시장에 자랑하겠다는 야심찬 계획을 가지고 항공우주사업에 진출했다.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.49-65
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• 2009

Endlessly, mankind has been pursuing its dream toward understanding and conquering our neighboring planet, Mars since Mars has been identified as a planet. After the development of advanced science and technology of human race in 1960, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) had initiated its dream toward Mars and finally at present mankind acquires numerous important clues of Mars through over forties of space programs toward Mars. Furthermore, mankind takes its effort in colonizing Mars within several decades. This manuscript introduces the history of space mission programs of Mars up to date and major scientific findings to understand the Mars.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.104.2-104.2
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• 2012

미국, 중국, 일본, 인도 등과 같은 세계 여러 국가들이 달 및 화성 탐사를 수행하고 있는 현시점에서 우리나라도 2025년에 달 탐사를 계획하고 있다. 인간에게 있어서 우주공간은 고에너지 환경의 영향을 많이 받는 곳이다. 향후 달, 화성과 같은 다른 행성으로의 이주를 생각하고 있는 현 시점에서 우리는 고에너지우주방사선 환경의 영향을 고려해야 한다. 지구에서의 인간은 지구 자기장과 대기에 의해 고에너지 우주선 환경으로부터의 영향을 덜 받는다. 그러나 달과 화성의 경우는 다르다. 달의 대기는 거의 없고 자기장도 무시할 정도로 매우 작으며, 화성 또한 자기장이 거의 없으며 대기 또한 얇아서 Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR)나 Solar Energetic Proton (SEP) 등으로부터 인간은 많은 영향을 받을 수 있다. 이러한 위험으로부터 인간이 보호받을 수 있는 곳은 달과 화성의 지표 아래나 동굴이라고 볼 수 있다. 그래서 달 및 화성의 표면과 지하 영역에 대한 고에너지 우주선 환경의 깊이에 따른 영향을 분석하여 어느 정도로 두터운 천장을 가진 동굴이어야 우주인들이 상주하는 지하공간을 지구표면에서의 방사선 환경과 같은 수준으로 유지할 수 있는지를 추정해 보려고 한다. 달 표면 토양의 화학적 구성성분은 Maria와 Highlands로 구분되어 약간의 차이가 있다. 달의 Maria 토양은 $SiO_2$ - 45.4%, $Al_2O_3$ - 14.9%, CaO - 11.8%, FeO - 14.1%, MgO - 9.2%, $TiO_2$ - 3.9%, $Na_2O$ - 0.6%이고 Highlands의 토양은 $SiO_2$ - 45.5%, $Al_2O_3$ - 24.0%, CaO - 15.9%, FeO - 5.9%, MgO - 7.5%, $TiO_2$ - 0.6%, $Na_2O$ - 0.6%의 화학적인 구성비를 가진다. 또한 화성표면은 $SiO_2$ - 43.9%, $Al_2O_3$ - 8.1%, CaO - 6.0%, FeO - 18.1%, MgO - 7.1%, $Na_2O$ - 1.4%의 토양의 화학적인 구성비를 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 구성비를 가지고 있는 달과 화성 표면에 대한 우주방사선의 영향을 분석하기 위해서 GEANT4를 사용하여 수행한 전산 모사의 결과를 발표할 것이다.

• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2008

One of the purposes of space exploration is to be able to utilize the unlimited natural resources in the universe. For this purpose, plans for lunar and mars bases have been proposed by leading nations. In order to construct bases and search for resources, it is necessary to employ and develop rovers for surface navigation and exploration. With proper knowledge about Lunar surface, technology for lunar rover development can be established without serious obstacles, since robot technology for rover development has been well prepared in Korea. In this paper, lunar rovers and mars rovers developed and planned by other countries as well as the current status of robot technology in Korea have been analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.741-757
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• 2016

Over 60 years has passed since mankinds started space exploration beyond the Earth with lunar explorer Luna 1 launched by Soviet Union. Unprecedently remarkable outcomes have been obtained by sending unmanned spacecrafts to most planets in the solar system and having the lander landed on the approaching comet toward the Earth even though any evidence of life presence has not been discovered yet. Only moon is an natural object beyond the earth on which human beings landed. Many countries are planning to send humans to the moon or mars to build colonies and to survive with substantiality. Korean lunar exploration program has officially started as of 2016 after its plan including lunar exploration has been specified in the series of National Space Promotion Plan since Korea initiated space development in early 1990s. In this paper, the plan for Korean space exploration is summarized with reviewing overseas space exploration program status and trends.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 1984

본지 2, 3월호에서 구술한 블록부호(선형부호 및 순회부호)에 이어 이번 호에서는 대합부호, 즉 길쌈부호(convolutional code)에 대해 기술하고자 한다. 길쌈부호는 그 부호법 중 역차 및 최근부호에 있어 그 구조적 표현이 대수학적(algebraic)이라기 보다는 오히려 위상학적(topological)이라는 점에서 주목할만한 특징을 지니고 있다. 길쌈부호를 응용한 예로는 1977년 NASA에 실시한 Voyager 우주탐사계획을 들 수 있다. 화성(Mars), 목성(Jupiter) 및 토성(Saturn) 등에서 일연의 과학 data 수집을 목적으로 했던 이 계획은 NASA소관 California공대 JPL연구소에서 개발한, 기억소자가 6단인(3, 1) 길쌈부호의 CODEC을 사용하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.313-374
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• 2020

The idea of creating a new International Space Agency (ISA) is only my academic and practical opinion. It is necessary for us to establish ISA as an international organization for the efficient and rapid exploitation of natural resources in the moon, Mars and other celestial bodies. The establishment of ISA as a new international regime is based on the Article 11, 5 and Article 18 of the 1979 Moon Agreement. In order to establish as a preliminary procedure, it needs to make a "Draft for the Convention on the Establishment of an International Space Agency" among the space-faring countries. In this paper, I was examined the domestic space legislation in the United States, Luxembourg, European Space Agency, China, Japan, the Republic of Korea as well as space exploration and planning of the moons, Mars, Asteroids, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Titan and Other Celestial Bodies. The creation of an ISA would lead to a strengthening of the cooperation needed essentially by the developed countries towards joint and cooperative undertakings in space and would act as a catalyst for the space exploration and exploitation of the moon, Mars and other celestial bodies. It will be managed effectively and centrally the exploitation and exploitation of space the natural resources, technology, manpower and finances as an independent organization in order to get the benefit of the space developed countries by ISA. It is desirable and necessary for us to establish ISA in order to promote cooperation in space policy, law, science technology and industry among the space developed countries in the near future. The establishment of the ISA will be promoted the international cooperation among the space-faring countries in exploration and exploitations of the natural resources in the moon and other celestial bodies. I would propose the "Draft for the Convention for the Establishment of an International Space Agency." in refering the "Convention for the Establishment of a European Space Agency." This "Draft for the Convention Convention for the Establishment of an ISA" must pass the abovementioned "Draft for the Convention" by two-third majority of Diplomatic Conference in the UNCOPUOS. Finally, a very important point is need that a political drive at the highest level and a solemn statement by heads of state of the space devloped countries including the United Nations for the space exploitation of the medium and long term. It should be noted that this political drive will be necessary not only to set up the organization, but also during a subsequent period. It is desirable and necessary for us to establish the ISA in order to develop the space industry, to strengthen friendly relations and to promote research cooperation among the space-faring countries based on the new ideology and creative ideas. If the heads of the superpowers including the United Nations will be agreed to establish ISA at a summit conference, 1 am sure that it is possible to establish an ISA in the near future.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.199-212
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• 2023

In contrast to the short-term nature of lunar missions in the past, lunar missions in new space era aim to extend the presence on the lunar surface and to use this capability for the Mars exploration. In order to realize extended human presence on the Moon, production and use of consumables and fuels required for the habitation and transportation using in-situ resources is an important prerequisite. The Global Exploration Roadmap presented by the International Space Exploration Coordination Group (ISECG), which reflects the space exploration plans of participating countries, shows the phases of progress from lunar surface exploration to Mars exploration and relates in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) capabilities to each phase. Based on the ISRU Gap Assessment Report from the ISECG, ISRU technology is categorized into in-situ propellant and consumable production, in-situ construction, in-space manufacturing, and related areas such as storage and utilization of products, power systems required for resource utilization. Among the lunar resources, leading countries have prioritized the utilization of ice water existing in the permanent shadow region near the lunar poles and the extraction of oxygen from the regolith, and are preparing to investigate the distribution of resources and ice water near the lunar south pole through unmanned landing missions. Resource utilization technologies such as producing hydrogen and oxygen from water by hydroelectrolysis and extracting oxygen from the lunar regolith are being developed and tested in relevant lunar surface analogue environments. It is also observed that each government emphasizes the use and development of the private sector capabilities for sustainable lunar surface exploration by purchasing lunar landing services and providing opportunities to participate in resource exploration and material extraction.