• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out to breed the cold-tolerant variety of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon from 1997 to 2002. Hwasan 104 as a tetraploid variety was dark green in leaf color and had semi-prostrate and medium growth habit in late autumn and early spring, respectively. Hwasan 104 was 19th May in heading date as a late-heading variety. Especially, Hwasan 104 was broader in flag leaf and longer 7 cm in plant length, and thicker in stem width than those of control variety, Hwasan 101. Cold tolerance of Hwasan 104 was better than that of Hwasan 101 registered as a cold-tolerant variety. Dry matter (DM) yield of Hwasan 104 was $5\%$ more than DM 9,348 kg/ha of Hwasan 101. In vitro dry matter digestibility and total digestible nutrient of Hwasan 104 were 74.3 and $63.1\%$ which are 3.3 and $1.5\%$ lower than those of Hwasan 101, respectively. Acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber of Hwasan 104 were 32.6 and $55.8\%$ which are 1.9 and $2.4\%$ higher than those of Hwasan 101, respectively.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.367-383
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• 2012

The Gyeongsang Arc is the most notable of the Korea Arc that is composed of several volcanic arcs trending to NE-SW direction in the Korean peninsula. The Hayang Group has many volcanogenic interbeds of lava flows by alkaline or calc-alkaline basaltic volcanisms during early Cretaceous. Late Cretaceous calc-alkaline andesitic and rhyolitic volcanisms reconstructed the Gyeongsang Arc that consist of thick volcanic strata on the Hayang Group in The Gyeongsang Basin. The volcanisms characterize first eruptions of basaltic and andesitic lavas with small pyroclastics, and continue later eruptions of dacitic and rhyolitic ash-fall and voluminous ash-flow with some calderas and then domes and dykes. During the Early Cretaceous (about 120 Ma), oblique subduction of the Izanagi plate to NNW from N direction results in sinistral strike-slip faults to open a pull-apart basin in back-arc area of the Gyeongsang Arc, in which erupted lava flows from generation of magma by a decrease in lithostatic pressure. Therefore the Gyeongsang Basin is interpreted into back-arc basin reconstructed by a continental rifting. Arc volcanism began in about 100 Ma with exaggeration of the back-arc basin in the Gyeongsang, and then changed violently to construct volcanic arcs. During the Late Cretaceous (about 90 Ma), orthogonal subduction of the Izanagi plate to NW from NNW direction ceased development of the basin to prolong violent volcanisms.

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.121-123
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• 1994

오대연지는 중국 흑룡강성의 덕도현 경내에 자리잡고 있는 화산지역이다. 본 지역에는 제4기이래에 형성된 화산들이 많이 분포되여 있는데 그 중심부위에는 구슬 모양으로 된 다섯개 못이 있기에 오대연지라 한다. 본 지역의 면적은 막 800$\textrm{km}^2$ 가 되는데 지형상에서는 주로 화산추와 용암대지로 이루어져 있다. 화산의 형성시대가 다르고 자연경관이 전형적이기 때문에 국내외에서 자연적인 화산박물관으로 널리 알려져 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Speleological Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.91-94
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• 1997

오대연지는 중국 흑룡강성의 덕도현 경내에 자리잡고 있는 화산지역이다. 본 지역에는 제4기이래에 형성된 화산들이 많이 분포되어 있는데 그 중심 부위에는 구슬 모양으로 된 다섯 개 못이 있기에 오대연지라 한다. 본 지역의 면적은 약 800$km^2$가 되는데 지형상에서는 주로 화산추와 용암대지로 이루어져 있다. 화산의 형성시대가 다르고 자연경관이 전형적이기 때문에 국내외에서 자연적인 화산박물관으로 널리 알려져 있다.(중략)

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.37
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• pp.114-117
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• 1994

오대연지는 중국 흑룡강성의 덕도현 경내에 자리잡고 있는 화산지역이다. 본 지역에는 제4기 이래에 형성된 화산들이 많이 분포되어 있는데 그 중심부위에는 구슬 모양으로 된 다섯개 못이 있기에 오대연지라 한다. 본 지역의 면적은 약800$\textrm{km}^2$가 되는데 지형상에서는 주로 화산추와 용암대지로 이루어져 있다. 화산의 형성시대가 다르고 자연경관이 전형적이기 때문에 국내외에서 자연적인 화산박물관으로 널리 알려져 있다.(중략)

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.13
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• pp.13-22
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• 1986

화산활동 지역에서는 lava의 점성, 산도, 화산체로 부터의 공급량, 기반의 경사등에 의해 다양한 화산지형을 형성하고 있다. 제주도 역시 과거 지질 시대를 통하여 수차례의 화산활동이 있었기 때문에 화산체를 중심으로 그 주변 지역에 용암동굴이 산재되어 관광 자원으로 큰 목을 하고 있는 동굴은 금령의 만장굴과 협재의 협재굴등이 그 대표적이라고 볼 수 있으며 규모 역시 세계적이라고 사료된다. (중략)

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to breed the cold-tolerant variety of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in Grassland and Forages Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon from 1987 to 2005. New variety, Kowinner as a tetraploid variety was dark green in leaf color and growth habit in autumn and early spring was semi-prostrate and medium, respectively Kowinner as a medium or late-heading variety was 19th May in heading date. Flag leaf length of Kowinner was 29 cm that was the same as control variety, Hwasan 101. Length of longest stem and plant length of Kowinner were 70 cm and 97 cm that was longer 3 cm than those of Hwasan 101, respectively. Stem width of Kowinner was thicker than that of Hwasan 101. Expecially, Kowinner was very good in regrowth. Cold tolerance of Kowinner was slightly weaker than that of Hwasan 101 and slightly stronger than that of Florida 80. Dry matter(DM) yield(12,884 kg/ha) of Kowinner was 8% more than that of Hwasan 101. In vitro dry matter digestibility and total digestible nutrient(TDN) of Kowinner were 76.2 and 63.3% that was 1.6 and 0.4% lower than those of Hwasan 101, respectively.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.249-260
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• 2000

The development of dual volcanic chains, parallel to the trend of the subduction trench, is observed in the southern part of Korea. Elsewhere on the Earth volcanic arcs dominantly consist of two such chains. In the southern part of Korea, two volcanic chains within a single volcanic arc was developed. Kyongsang basin, where the first volcanic chain located, and Youngdong-Kwangju depression zone where the second volcanic zone located, showed sub-parallel volcanic rock distributed areas. Concentrations of incompatible elements in the southern part of Korea samples show clear across-arc variations, with lavas from the first volcanic chain being most depleted in these elements, all incompatible element concentrations increase towards the second volcanic chain. The above across-arc variation may be caused by the difference in solid phases coexisting with the fluid phases during the dehydration processes. The concentrations of incompatible elements, Zr/Y ratios, and Rb/K ratios indicate that the second volcanic chain (Youngdong-Kwangiu depression zone) was generated by low degrees of partial melting at the deeper depth compared to the conditions of the first volcanic chain (Kyongsang basin) and residual garnet probably attributed to the their partial melting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.79.2-80
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• 1999

우리나라 기후에서 이탈리안라이그라스의 안전 재배지역을 한강이남 전역으로 확대하기 위하여 기존 품종을 강원도 둔네(1월 최저평균기온 -13~-14$^{\circ}C$ 지역)에 파종하여 월동한 개체를 선발하고 무성번식으로 증식하여 내한성 계통을 조성한 후 출수기가 유사한 5개의 계통을 polycross 삼각배치법으로 종자를 합성하였다. 1996년부터 1998년까지 수원, 남원 운봉, 경기 연천지역에서 외국으로부터 도입품종과 축산기술연구소에서 육성한 품종에 대한 이탈리안라이그라스의 내한성을 검정하여 내한성이 우수한 화산 101호를 육성하였다.(중략)

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2006

Volcanic glass shard, which shows relatively homogeneous chemical composition in volcanic eruption materials, is used to determine ages of tephra layers and then to correlate tephra layers each other for understanding of evolution of Quaternary geomorphology. For reducing processing errors in age determination and correlation of units, amorphous glass shard should be separated carefully from soil sample through laboratory procedures such as washing, separation, and identification. Introduction of these processes in detail could be reduced errors in tephrochronology by using volcanic glass shard.