• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.62-65
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to estimate the size and exine pattern of pollen grains in seven species of the genus Lilium by using scanning electron microscope. Exine of pollen grains, which were all monad, took the prolate forms with a pollen aperture. However, there were various L/W ratio between length (L) and width (W) of pollen grains among selected Lilium species. The pollen of L. distichum was oblong shape which had the highest L/W ratio of 2.59. On the other hand, that of L. concolor var. partheneion was broadly elliptical shape close to circle which had the lowest L/W ratio of 1.82. The surface patterns of exine were reticulate in all Lilium species that have showed diverse forms in their lumina. Pollen length and width in L. lancifolium had the greatest value, 115.90 and $46.54{\mu}m$, respectively, in comparison with those of L. tsingtauense, 70.33 and $38.72{\mu}m$, respectively. Except L. distichum and L. leichtlinii var. maximowiczii which had a similar pollen length within standard errors, the others in Lilium species showed different sizes, respectively. Therefore, these results indicated that pollen length could be a better standard for the classification of Lilium species than exine surface patterns or pollen dissection area.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.184-192
• /
• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of temperature ($15{\sim}40^{\circ}C$) and the spraying plant growth regulators ($GA_{4+7}+BA$ and prohexadione-calcium) during full blooming on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of the commercial apple cultivars ('Fuji' and 'Tsugaru') and apple cultivars bred in Korea ('Chukwang', 'Gamhong', 'Hongan', 'Honggeum', 'Hongro', 'Hwahong', 'Hongso', 'Summer dream' and 'Sunhong'). Pollen germination and pollen tube growth were increased with increasing temperature from 15 to $25^{\circ}C$, but high temperature over $30^{\circ}C$ inhibit those. The apple cultivar bred in Korea that shows the highest value on pollen germination and pollen tube growth at over $30^{\circ}C$ was 'Sunhong'. The spraying $GA_{4+7}+BA$ increased pollen germination and pollen tube growth than control, but that effect was not show at $40^{\circ}C$. The spraying prohexadione-calcium was not affect to pollen germination and pollen tube growth. In conclusion, if the air temperature during full bloom of apple tree rises about $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$, the spraying $GA_{4+7}+BA$ after artificial pollination will be good to increasing fruit set.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.38-48
• /
• 2000

This study was initiated to investigate similarity and intraspecific variation in pollen morphology of korean subgenus. lepidobalanus Endl, of the genus Quercus L. The parameters measured were polar axis length (PL), equatorial width (EW), colpus length (CL) and copus width (CW), and PE (PL/EW) retios were calculated. The cluster analysis based on these variables of this result showed that the similarity between Q. acutissima Carruther and Q. variabilis Blume was the highest. Wide variation in the pollen grain size of Quercus dentata Thunb. ex Murray might imply, the existence of polyploid and/or aneuploid forms. Studies of ploidy levels within species are recommended for Lepidobalanus species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2003

Pollens of six taxa in the genus Atractytis L. confused with Atractylodes DC. were investigated by the light and the scanning electron microscope. Pollen grains of six taxa in this genus were monads, 46.5-66.7$\mu\textrm{m}$ in length of polar axis, 43.6-60.47$\mu\textrm{m}$ in equatorial width. Aperture was tri-colporate, 19.6-29.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ in colpus length,7.3-11.0$\mu\textrm{m}$ in colpus width and 6.4-10.6$\mu\textrm{m}$ in porus diameter. The exine was composed of three layers(foot layer, columellne, tectum), and 5.2-8.3 $\mu\textrm{m}$ in thickness. The surface sculpturing pattern was echinate, the spines were 1.4-5.8$\mu\textrm{m}$ in length and 6-33 per 20$\mu\textrm{m}$$^2$ in distribution numbers over the surface. Atractylis L. was not distinguished from Atractylodes DC. by pollen morphology, especially the pollens of Atractylis arabica, A. aristata, A. carduus, A. microcephala were very similar to that of Atractylodes. But its taxonomic significance was different, the taxa of Atractylodes DC. were divided into 2 types by only pollen size, but the treated taxa in this study were divided into various types by pollen size, shape of equatorial view, surface sculpturing and spine size. The characteristics of spine size and shape of equatorial view in A. cancellata and A. prolifera were very useful for consideration of evolutionary trends in this genus.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.108-112
• /
• 2011

The pollen of 5 taxa on Korean Oldenlandia L. was investigated by LM and SEM. The pollen grains were monads, $20.7-36.0{\mu}$m in polar length, with an equatorial diameter of $21.0-38.4{\mu}m$. The pollen shapes were oblate-spheroidal or spherical (P/E ratio 0.93-1.00). The apertures numbered 3-7 in number, colporate in shape, with a colpus length of $4.2-20.4{\mu}m$ and a colpus width of $2.6-3.4{\mu}m$. The sexine was $0.9-2.4{\mu}m$ in terms of its thickness, the surface pattern was reticulate, scabrate or neither. Based on these results, the size of the pollen grain, the number of apertures, and the surface pattern of the sexine were all useful for an interspecific classification. The genus Neanotis, established via the pollen characteristics, was thought to be reviewed in its entity regarding the continuous variation of generic characteristics.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the effect of temperature and relative humidity (RH) that might affect the pollen germination rate and pollen tube length in oriental melon. The experiment was performed using three cultivars namely 'Mallijangseong', 'Ohbokggul', and 'Joeundae' wherein environmental conditions were controlled by three different temperatures $15^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and $35^{\circ}C$ and also three RH levels 30%, 60%, and 90%. Based on the results in terms of temperature, true to all cultivars, plants exposed to $25^{\circ}C$ had the highest pollen germination rate while plants exposed to $15^{\circ}C$ had the lowest. Among the three cultivars, 'Mallijangseong' had the highest in terms of pollen germination rate, followed by 'Ohbokggul', and lastly was 'Joeundae' that showed the lowest germination rate. In the case of pollen tube length, pollen exposed under $35^{\circ}C$ showed the longest tube length, followed by pollen under $25^{\circ}C$, and pollen under $15^{\circ}C$ remarkably had the shortest tube length. Across the three cultivars 'Ohbokggul' had the longest pollen tube length. In the case of RH, pollen germination response among three cultivars depends on the humidity conditions but based on the results, there was no significant differences although high germination rate was observed in highest humidity condition. Between each cultivar, 'Ohbokggul' had the lowest pollen germination rate compared with 'Mallijangseong' and 'Joeundae' after exposure to different RH conditions wherein pollen germination showed significant differences among treatments. The pollen collected under 60% RH had the longest pollen tube length, followed by 30%, and the shortest was under 90% RH. In general, 'Ohbokggul' had the longest pollen tube length while 'Joeundae' had the shortest among the three cultivars.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.80 no.2
• /
• pp.193-201
• /
• 1991

The pollen morphology of 7 taxa, 3 genera of Buxaceae growing in Korea was investigated by means of light(LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were as follows ; 1. A key to the genera of Buxaceae on the basis of pollen morphology was provided. 2. Pollen Length that Buxus was $21.9{\mu}m-28.3{\mu}m$, Pachysaradra was $34.9{\mu}m-43.0{\mu}m$ and Sarcococa was $27.2{\mu}m-39.6{\mu}m$ and that muri width and length were $0.3{\mu}m-4.6{\mu}m$, $0.9{\mu}m-4.3{\mu}m$, and that Lumen length was $0.4{\mu}m-2.4{\mu}m$. 3. Sculpture patterns were reticulate (Buxus) and chain shape (Sarcococa and Pachysandra). 4. Aperture type was polyforate.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2023.04a
• /
• pp.30-30
• /
• 2023

한국산 체꽃속(Scabiosa L.)의 외부형태형질을 바탕으로 구분한 5가지 변이 유형[솔체꽃(S. comosa) Type 1-2, 체꽃(S. tschiliensis f. pinnata) Type 3-4, 구름체꽃(S. tschiliensis f. alpina) Type 5]에 대해 잎 표피와 화분의 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 잎 표피세포의 크기는 향축면은 평균 12.4 × 6.7 ㎛로, Type 1이 가장 작고 Type 3가 가장 컸으며, 배축면은 평균 9.4 × 4.6 ㎛로 모든 유형이 비슷하게 나타났다. 모용은 단세포성 선상 모용이 일부 유형에서, 다세포성 비선상 모용이 모든 유형에서 관찰되었다. 선상 모용은 향축면에서 Type 1과 5에만 있었으며, 두 유형 중 Type 5의 모용이 길이 72.2 ㎛로 더 길고, 단위면적 (0.01 mm²) 당 개수도 5개로 더 많았다. 배축면에서는 Type 1, 3 및 5에 있고, 단위면적 당 개수가 Type 1과 5는 3~6개로 비슷하였으나, Type 3은 1개 이하로 매우 드물게 나타났다. 기공복합체는 부등형으로 양면에 분포하며, 향축면의 공변세포 크기는 평균 4.4 × 2.7 ㎛로 너비는 유사하나 길이는 Type 1과 5가 3.1 ㎛, 3.9 ㎛로 나머지에 비해 작았다. 단위면적 당 기공의 수는 향축면과 배축면이 평균 40.2개, 149.2개이고, 양면 모두 Type 1이 66.3개와 177.2개로 가장 많았다. 화분은 모두 단립으로 삼구형이고, 극축 길이(P)와 적도면 지름(E)의 비율은 0.83~1.12로 모양은 아단구형~약장구형이다. 표면무늬는 과립상 표면에 자상 돌기가 있고, Type 3과 4에서만 유공상이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과에서, 솔체꽃 유형인 Type 1과 2가 잎 표면의 선상 모용 유무 및 기공의 수에 뚜렷한 차이를 보여 Type 1은 솔체꽃과는 다른 새로운 변종 또는 품종일 가능성이 있다고 생각된다. 또한 체꽃 유형인 Type 3과 4의 경우, Type 3의 잎 배축면에 털이 드물게 있으나, 두 유형의 화분 표면무늬가 동일하고, 다른 형질들도 모두 중복되어 연속적인 변이로 보이며, 구름체꽃 유형인 Type 5는 나머지 유형과 뚜렷이 구분되었다.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.581-586
• /
• 2009

Bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum cv. Plenty) were grown under low night temperatures (LNT: day/night temperature of $28/13^{\circ}C$) and optimum night temperatures (ONT: day/night temperature of $28/20^{\circ}C$) in growth chambers. Pollen grains were collected from plants in the growth chamber and incubated at 10, 15, 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$. After 24 hr incubation, in both ONT and LNT, the highest percent pollen germinations were observed at $25^{\circ}C$ followed by germinations at $30^{\circ}C$. Percent pollen germination at $25^{\circ}C$ was 42% in ONT - two times higher than in LNT at 21%. Pollen tube length was much longer at ONT than at LNT, regardless of incubation temperature. Compared with other treatments, earlier and quicker pollen tube elongation was observed in ONT pollen grains incubated at $25^{\circ}C$. To find pollen viability in plant growing conditions, pollen grains were incubated in LNT ($28/13^{\circ}C$) and ONT ($28/20^{\circ}C$) growth chambers for 24 hr. Petri-dishes with pollen grains were put in the growth chambers at the beginning of the night condition. Pollen grains in the LNT growth chamber did not germinate at night ($13^{\circ}C$), but began to germinate when the day condition ($28^{\circ}C$) started. Pollen grains in the ONT condition, however, started germinating from the early night ($20^{\circ}C$) and germination continued during the day ($28^{\circ}C$). Plants in LNT showed increased flower stalk length, ovary diameter, stamen length, flower weight, and fruit length. LNT conditions did not impair seed set. There were no differences in seed sets between fruits at LNT and ONT. Normal seed sets in LNT show that fertilization may be completed during daytime. However, further investigation is needed to find what extent of temperature stress causes malformed and/or parthenocarpic fruits in this bell pepper.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.85 no.3
• /
• pp.472-486
• /
• 1996

The pollen morphology of 19 species and 1 variety of the genus Acer L. in Korea was investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. The results are as follows ; 1. A. pollen key of the genus Acer L. in Korea was provided in four types. 2. Based on the aperture types and sculpture patterns, the four major pollen types of the genus Acer L. in Korea were recognized which included palmatum, barbinerve, negundo and saccharum types. 3. Pollen grains are tricolpate or tricolporate on the aperture, and striate, rugulate or reticulate on the sculpture pattern. 4. As the result of the correlation analysis between the five measured pollen parameters in pairs, a highly significant positive correlation was found between polar axis length(PL) and colpus length (CL).