• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2003

For the inert gases of Ar, $N_2$and $CO_2$, the empirical equations of the gas mixture were correlated in terms of saturated pressure, density and viscosity. They were obtained by regression analysis based on the mixing rule. The empirical equation of saturated pressure was assumed as the first order function of temperature. The empirical form of density was expressed as compressibility factor and saturated pressure while the empirical equation of viscosity was formulated as a power function of temperature. This empirical equations of the physical properties were obtained in the composition of Ar, $N_2$and $CO_2$, 40/50/10(mol. %).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.2D
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 2008

Moisture damage of asphalt pavements can usually occur because of the loss of adhesion and cohesion between the asphalt binder and aggregate in the asphalt mixture due to presence of water. And this is one of the causes that is effect on the main distress of asphalt pavement. The objective of this study is to find out moisture damage characteristics of asphalt pavement. Effects of this study changes of the material properties and resistance characteristics of moisture damage on the asphalt mixtures under various temperatures and repeated immersion using indirect tensile test and modify Lottman test were evaluated during this study. The asphalt mixtures were produced using straight asphalt binder, SBS modified asphalt binder and aggregates. The material properties (resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, failure energy and $DCSE_f$) of the asphalt mixtures were generally decreased with increasing to moisture damage caused by the number of repeated immersion. The decrease ratios of material properties by repeated immersion on SBS modified asphalt mixtures were lower than those of straight asphalt mixtures at all three test temperatures. As a conclusion, current criterion for evaluation moisture damage of asphalt mixtures is difficult for using distinction standard because of the limited evaluation criterion with one time immersion and single material property. Based on this research, to evaluate long term moisture damage on asphalt mixtures, material property tests of various kinds with repeated immersion test are considered.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.4 s.14
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2002

This study examines the importance of conditioning temperature and period before measuring fundamental properties of asphalt mixture. Marshall specimens were made and cured in the air for one day and conditioned by submerging at $60^{\circ}C$ water for 30 min before loading. It was observed that if the specimen was cured in a lower (or higher) than normal lab temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) before submerging, the measured values were not consistent. Indirect tensile strength (ITS) was also measured on the specimens cured at different temperatures. Although there is no regulation specifying how long the specimen should be conditioned before testing, it is recommended that the conditioning time be for the specimen to be at $25^{\circ}C$. Test must be conducted for the specimen cured well before conditioning for desired test. If curing temperature was lower or higher than normal, and mixture was not properly cured, then test results would not be reliable. This study showed how long the specimen should be submerged at $60^{\circ}C$ for Marshall test and conditioned at $25^{\circ}C$ for ITS test for the specimens cured in different temperature.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.295-298
• /
• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of heating temperature, heating time and protein concentration on the gel properties and heat stability of a mixed system of pork plasma and myofibrillar to increase the utility of porcine blood as protein resources of the food industry, especially meat processing industry. The solubility of plasma protein and mixture (plasma + myofibrillar protein) decreased significantly at $70^{\circ}C\;to\;90^{\circ}C$ when heating temperature rised, whereas myofibrillar protein decreased slightly at $40^{\circ}C\;to\;60^{\circ}C$, and the gel strength and the turbidity of those increased significantly at these heating temperatures. The solubility of plasma protein and mixture decreased when the heating time increased at $75^{\circ}C$, whereas the gel strength and turbidity increased, and the solubility, the gel strength and the turbidity of myofibrillar protein showed no changes.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.179-182
• /
• 2002

Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), changes underwent by a mixture of $\alpha$-lactalbumin ($\alpha$-La) and $\beta$-lactoglobulin ($\beta$-Lg) during heat treatment were studied, yielding useful information for the dairy industry. Results of the DSC showed that the heat denaturation temperature of the hobo-$\alpha$-La was higher than that of apo-$\alpha$-La, suggesting hole-$\alpha$-La‘s greater stability. The denaturation temperature of a mixture of holo-$\alpha$-La and $\beta$-Lg was also slightly lower than that of holo-$\alpha$-La alone. The denaturation temperature of an apo-$\alpha$-La and $\beta$-Lg mixture was higher than that of holo-$\alpha$-La and $\beta$-Lg, suggesting that the heat stability of apo-$\alpha$-La was increased by $\beta$-Lg. Based on these results, it is possible to conclude that a mixture of holo-$\alpha$-La and $\beta$-Lg is more intensively affected by an increase in temperature than other samples, and that free sulphydryl groups seem to take part in this heat-induced denaturation.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.131-131
• /
• 2003

왕겨 활용의 일환으로 파쇄과정을 거쳐 돈분과 혼합하여 퇴비화에 미치는 영향 및 물질의 특성 변화를 조사하였다. 왕겨 입자는 1mm 이하, 1~2mm, 2mm 이상 등 3가지로 분리하여 돈분과 부피비(4 : 3)로 혼합한 후 정체식 퇴비화 시설에 적하하여 $250m^3/hr.$의 송풍기로 10min./day씩 강제송풍을 시켰다. 처리구는 톱밥구(Control), 왕겨구(RH), 1~2mm 왕겨구(MRH), 1mm이하 왕겨구(SRH) 등 4개였으며, 수분함량은 혼합물질의 특성에 따라 차이를 보였다. 온도변화는 퇴비화 시작 3일째부터 온도 상승이 시작되었으며, RH구에서 가장 빨리 $60^{\circ}C$로 상승하였다. 그 후 가장 먼저 온도가 하강하였으며 40일째 온도가 대기온도와 같았다. pH는 모든 처리구에서 10일 이내에서 감소하였지만 그 후 지속적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 유기물은 퇴비화 초기와 후기에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만 RH구의 감소율이 다른 처리구에 비해 높았다. 공극률이 높은처리구일수록 암모니아 휘산이 적어 T-N함량이 높았고 C/N율은 20~40사이로 적당하였다. 퇴비화 과정 중 온도 변화는 용적밀도의 차이에 의한 것이며, 화학성분의 함량 차이는 두 물질사이의 혼합량 차이에 의한 것이었다.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.203-211
• /
• 2009

Vapor pressure of HFC-404a and polyol ester system were measured at 56 points from 263.15 to 323.15 K and from 0 to 90 mass %polyol ester. It was found that below 273.15 K, the effect of the polyol ester on the vapor pressure was negligible up to 30 mass % polyol ester. The vapor pressure of the system significantly decreased as the mass fraction of polyol ester increased over 50 percent. Raoult's model and Flory-Huggins model were tested for data reduction. Empirical vapor pressure equations were obtained in terms of temperature and mass fraction of polyol ester.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2011

The bubble point pressures of binary mixtures of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were measured by using a high-pressure experimental apparatus equipped with a variable-volume view cell, at various $CO_2$ compositions in the range of temperatures above the critical temperature of $CO_2$ and below the critical temperature of DMF. The experimental bubble point pressure data were correlated with the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) to estimate the corresponding dew point compositions at equilibrium with the bubble point compositions. The experimentally measured bubble point pressures gave good agreement with those calculated by the PR-EOS. The variable-volume view cell equipment was verified to be an easy and quick way to measure the bubble point pressures of high-pressure compressible fluid mixtures.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.94-98
• /
• 2009

The bubble point pressures of dimethyl carbonate and carbon dioxide mixtures were measured by using a high-pressure experimental apparatus equipped with a variable-volume view cell, at various $CO_2$ compositions in the range of temperatures above the critical temperature of $CO_2$ and below the critical temperature of dimethyl carbonate. The experimental bubble point pressure data were correlated with the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) to estimate the corresponding dew point compositions at equilibrium with the bubble point compositions. The experimentally measured bubble point pressures gave good agreement with those calculated by the PR-EOS. The variable-volume view cell equipment was verified to be an easy and quick way to measure the bubble point pressures of high-pressure compressible fluid mixtures.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.56-65
• /
• 1990

열방성 액정고분자와 폴리카보네이트를 대상 수지로 하여 용융혼합기로 액정고분자 의 함량, 혼합속도 및 온도등의 변환에 따른 훈련 특성을 측정하고 고분자 혼합물의 혼련조 건과 유변학적 특성 모폴로지 사이의 관계를 조사하였다. 혼련 토크는 100rpm의 혼합속도 에서 극소값을 보이며 혼합기 내의 전단속도가 낮기 때문에 혼력에의해서는 LCP가 섬유상 으로 형성되지 못하고 구형의 입자로 존재함을 알수 있었다. 혼합물의 점도는 시험된 전단 속도 영역에서 순수한 고분자보다 현저히 낮으며 5wt%의 소량 첨가로도 5배의 점도 감소 효과를 보이고 LCP함량이 약 30wt%일 경우 점도 및 혼합에너지가 최소로 되었다. Capillary 레오미터의 실험결과 LCP/PC의 점도비가 1보다 작거나 같튼 전단장하에서 LCP 는 섬유상을 형성하였으며 높은 점도비의 경우 LCP의 변형이 어려워 구형의 입자로 존재하 였다. 또한 혼합물의 PC Tg 이동은 에스터르 교환 반응에 의한 부분적인 혼화성의 증가에 기인함을 알수 있었다.