• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1995.10a
• /
• pp.54-55
• /
• 1995

현재 수처리용 분리막으로 널리 사용되고 있는 상업용 polyamide membrane은 주사슬을 이루고 있는 amide bond가 chlorine에 쉽게 분해됨으로써 주쇄의 절단이 일어나므로 막이 파괴되는 결과를 초래하여 역삼투 분리막의 기능이 저하되는 문제점을 갖고 있다. 또한 분리막의 성능으로써 수투과도의 향상도 기존의 분리막의 개선점으로 지적되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 재료 자체의 친수성이 강한 hydroxyl group을 가진 vinyl계 화합물을 기존의 amine계 monomer와 혼합하여 가교반응을 시킴으로써 전체적인 분리막의 수투과도 및 내염소성의 향상을 도모하였다. 기존의 polyamide 분리막의 소재인 1,3-phenylenediamine(MPDA)에 친수성기인 hydroxyethylmethacrylate(HEMA) monomer를 첨가하고 가교제인 trymesoyl chloride(TMC)로 이를 가교시켜 HEMA 및 PVA의 친수성에 의한 수투과도 및 내염소성의 향상을 유도하여 보았다.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1992.10a
• /
• pp.76-76
• /
• 1992

본 연구의 목적은 국내 섬유산업에서 문제시되는 염색폐수처리에 막분리공정의 적용가능성과 문제점을 실험실규모와 pilot 규모의 실험을 통하여 규명하는 것이다. 염색폐수는 섬유의 가공공정에 따라 염료, 분산제, 정염제, 반응제 등 다양한 유기물질과 무기염을 함유하며 온도가 10-90$\circ$C로 높은 것이 특징이다. 본 연구에서는 2종류의 Nanofiltration: NF40, XU45; 두종류의 복합막; BW30, SW30HR; 2종류의 Cellulose Acetate 비대칭막의 평막 Sample을 사용하여 합성염색폐수의 배제율과 압력변화에 따른 투과수에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실제 혼합염색폐수의 처리는 2개의 2.5"$\times$ 40" Nanofiltration 모듈을 장착한 Pilot 장치를 염색단지 종합처리장에 설치하여 3개월에 걸쳐 시행하였다. 현재까지 얻어진 실험결과에 의하면 전처리공정의 효율롸를 통해 부유물질에 의한 Fouling을 최소화하고 폐수의 성분분석과 사용된 막의 표면분석을 통한 체계적인 조사가 필요하다. 염색폐수처리에 막분리공정이 기존처리방법과 비교하여 경제성을 가지려면 효율적인 막세척방법을 개발하여 투과율의 감소를 최소화시켜야 한다.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.282-293
• /
• 2008

Partially sulfonated poly(aryl ether sulfone) membranes were prepared from the sulfonated sulfone monomer, which was synthesized by a nucleophilic substitution, non-sulfonated monomers and potassium carbonate by a direct polymerization method and a subsequent solution casting technique with mixed solvents of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethylacetamide (DMAc). To investigate the effect of mixed solvent, the volume ratios of NMP and DMAc were varied in the range of $0{\sim}100%$ and the degrees of sulfonation of the copolymers were fixed as 50%. The surface properties of the resulting membranes were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), and a comparative study of the morphology changes and the physicochemical properties such as proton conductivity and methanol permeability was achieved. It was found that proton conductivities depend on the volume ratio of NMP-DMAc mixed solvents, and the proton conductivity determined at the condition of $25^{\circ}C$ and 100% relative humidity was $1.38{\times}10^{-1}\;S/cm$ for the membrane prepared in the 50:50 v/v-% of NMP : DMAc mixed solvent.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.126-134
• /
• 2016

To produce renewable biomethane from biogas, the properties of physical absorbents such as water, methanol, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), poly(ethylene glycol) dimethylether (PEGDME), and propylene carbonate (PC) were studied, and PC was applied to membrane contactor systems. Among physical absorbents, PC exhibited a high contact angle of $58.3^{\circ}$ on polypropylene surface, and a PC/water mixture (5 wt%) increased the contact angle to $90^{\circ}$. Furthermore, the PC/water mixture presented higher $CO_2$ absorption capacities (0.148-0.157 mmol/g) than that of water (0.121 mmol/g), demonstrating a good property as an absorbent for membrane contactors. Actual operations in membrane contactors using the PC/water mixture resulted in $CO_2$ removal of 98.0-97.8% with biomethane purities of 98.5-98.3%, presenting a strong potential for biogas treatment. However, the PC/water mixture yielded moderate improved in $CO_2$ removal and methane recovery, as compared with water in the membrane contactor operation. This is originated from insufficient desorption processes to reuse absorbent and low $CO_2$ flux of the PC/water absorbent. Thus, it is requiring optimizations of membrane contactor technology including development of absorbent and improvement of operation process.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.351-360
• /
• 2018

In this study, propylene/propane separation mechanism through NaY zeolite membrane was investigated. As permeation temperature increased, both propylene and propane permeances increased, saturated and decreased again, and a maximum selectivity was shown at around 50 to $60^{\circ}C$. Propane permeance in mixed gas experiment was much smaller than that in single gas experiment, and propylene/propane mixed gas selectivity was much larger than single gas permselectivity. As permeation time increased in transient permeation experiment, propylene permeance initially increased and saturated, while propane permeance decreased and saturated. All the experimental results announced that propylene/propane separation through NaY zeolite membrane was from preferentially adsorbed propylene molecules. The adsorbed propylene molecules efficiently prevented propane molecules from permeating through the membrane, and sufae diffused through the membrane. NaY zeolite capillary membrane prepared in the present study showed a high mixed gas selectivity of 12 and high propylene permeance of 497 GPU for a propylene/propane (89 : 11) mixture at $50^{\circ}C$ and 4 bar. Therefore, it was concluded that NaY zeolite membrane is one of promising membrane materials for propylene/propane separation due to the low cost and high separation performance.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.367-374
• /
• 2013

In the present study, Pebax-2533 plate membranes were prepared by drying precursor solutions which were obtained by dissolving Pebax-2533 polymer in 1-Propanol/n-Butanol mixed solvents. And then the $CO_2$ and $N_2$ permeation behaviors were tested by using a time-lag system. The prepared Pebax-2533 plate membranes showed a considerable $CO_2/N_2$ separation performance : the $CO_2$ permeability was 130 to 288 barr, and the $CO_2/N_2$ permselectivity was 5-8. The $CO_2$ permeation data obtained by varying feed pressure, permeation temperature, and solvent composition announced that not only the $CO_2$ sorption but also the $CO_2$ diffusion is equally important in the overall $CO_2$ permeation.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.608-614
• /
• 2009

The cation-exchange membrane which was sulfonated styrene-ethylene/buthlene-styrene(SEBS) block copolymer containing the high impact polystyrene (HIPS) was prepared via post-sulfonation and casting method using the epoxidized polybutadiene and divinylbenzene as crosslinking agents. Post-sulfonation was carried out with sulfuric acid as sulfonating agent and silver sulfate as initiator in the nitrogen atmosphere. The basic properties of membranes, degree of sulfonation (DS), water uptake, ion-exchange capacity (IEC), electrical resistance, and modulus have been examined. DS of membrane increased with increasing the sulfonation time. The maximum DS of membrane containing 10 wt% HIPS was 83.6 %. The water uptake and IEC of membranes gradually increased as increasing the DS. The maximum water uptake and IEC of membranes were 43.8 % and 1.14 meq/g, respectively. The lowest electrical resistance of membrane containing the 20 wt% HIPS was $83\;\Omega{\cdot}cm^2$. The electrical conductivity of membrane containing 10 wt% HIPS was $1.22\times10^{-4}S/cm$. The modulus of membrane increased with increasing DS and these values were 153 and $204\;kgf/cm^2$ before and after sulfonation, respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.947-958
• /
• 1986

물-증기 역류 성층이상유동에서의 평균 액체층 두께가 여러가지 경사각과 종횡비에 따라 측정되었다. 난류유동에 있어서 전단응력분포의 선형화와 von Karman의 혼합길이 이론을 근거로 평균 액체층의 두께에 대한 관계식이 제시되었으며 실험결과와 잘 일치하였음을 보였다. 접촉면에서의 조파저항이 고려되지 않은 해석결과는, 수평 성층유동의 경우에, 평균 액체층 두께보다는 오히려 파곡까지의 액체층 두께를 예측하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 평균 액체층 두께에 대한 실험 상관관계식이 계산시 편의를 위해 쉽게 인지할 수 있는 매개변수들의 항들롤 제시되었다.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2015

In this study, we investigated the electro-optical (EO) characteristic of fringe-field switching (FFS) mode cell by the ion beam alignment method on the a-C:H thin film. The suitable inorganic thin films for FFS cell and the aligning capabilities of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) using the new alignment material of a-C:H thin film were studied. An excellent voltage-transmittance (V-T) and response time curve of the ion beam aligned FFS-LCD was observed with oblique ion beam exposure on the a-C:H thin films. Also, the V-T hysteresis characteristics of the ion beam-aligned FFS-LCD with IB exposure on the a-C:H thin films is almost the same as that of the rubbing-aligned FFS cell on a polyimide surface.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1997.10a
• /
• pp.65-66
• /
• 1997

1. 서론 : 현재의 막분리 기술로는 단 단계 분리공정(single-stage separation)으로 약 40%의 산소농축공기(oxygen-enriched air)를 얻을 수 밖에 없지만 심냉법(cryogenic techniques)보다는 에너지 소비율이 적으며, 공정이 비교적 간단하기 때문에 용도에 따라 순 산소를 꼭 필요로 하지 않는 제철소, 발전소 등의 연소분야, 호흡기 환자를 위한 의료분야, 생물공학이나 항공기 분야 등에 편리하게 이용될 수 있다. 이와 같이 용도가 다양한 산소를 분리막을 이용하여 보다 편리하고 값싸게 얻기 위해서는 산소와 질소의 막투과에 대한 새로운 지식을 얻고 막투과가 기체의 어떤 성질에 지배되고 있는가를 조사할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 고무상 고분자막(rubbery polymer membrane)에 대한 산소/질소의 수착특성과 순수한 기체의 투과율(permeation rate)을 기초로 하여 혼합기체의 투과율, 분리인자(separation factor), 막분리 공정변수에 의한 중공사 분리막에서의 기체분리특성에 대하여 연구하였다.