• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.436-437
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• 2003

고형오구의 분산안정화 작용은 고체 입자의 계면에 흡착한 계면활성제에 의한 전기적 반발력과 입체적 보호작용에 영향을 받게 된다. 특히 현재 시판세제의 조성에서 비이온계 계면활성제의 혼합이 점차 중요시되는 이때 입체적 보호작용에 의한 고형오구의 분산안정성은 의류제품의 세척성 제고에 좋은 정보가 되리라 생각된다. 따라서 본 연구는 시판되고 있는 세제 대부분이 음-비이온계 계면활성제의 혼합으로 되어 있는 점을 고려하여 음이온 계면활성제로서 D5S(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate), 비이온계 계면활성계 NPE(nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, EO$_{10}$) 혼합용액에서 음이온과 비이온계 계면활성제의 입자에의 흡착과 고형오구의 안정성을 관련시켜 고찰하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.283-286
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• 2002

유류로 오염된 부지에 토양세정기법을 적용하기 위한 전 단계로, 실험실 규모의 컬럼실험을 통하여 pilot 규모 현장 적용을 위한 설계인자 및 최적 운전조건을 규명하고자 적정 세척제 종류와 농도, 배합비 및 세정용액 주입유량을 고찰하였다. 회분식실험 결과 POE$_{14}$와 SDS(1:1)를 1%로 적용한 흔합계면활성제의 효율이 가장 우수하였으나, 예비실험 결과 음이온계 계면활성제인 SDS는 미생물에 독성을 끼치는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타나 같은 농도에서 효율이 거의 유사한 POE$_{5}$와 POE$_{14}$ 혼합계면활성제를 이용하여 실험하였다. 선정된 혼합계면활성제를 적용하여 디젤 오염토양 세척능력을 검토한 결과 세척제 농도 1%까지는 효율이 증가하다가 1% 이상의 농도에서는 다시 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 계면활성제 배합비는 1:1로 혼합하였을 경우 세척효율이 가장 우수하였다. 따라서 POE$_{5}$와 POE$_{14}$ (1:1) 1% 혼합계면활성제를 세척제로 선정하였다. 컬럼실험 결과, 주입 flux가 클수록 세정 제거된 총 유류의 양이 증가하였으며, 같은 pore volume의 세정용액 통과 시에는 flux가 작을수록 제거효율이 좋았다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.52-63
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• 1994

It was investigated that the effects of surfactant to cosurfactant ratio on the stability and rheological properties of o/w microemulsion. The stability of microemulsion was good in the surfactant to cosurfactant ratio 20/40 - 30/30. In the point of rheological properties, a yield stress meande the inner structure formation was detected and the area of hysteresis loop was increased with increasing of surfactant content of the ratio. The microemulsion prepared by the Microfluidizer was characterized by rheopetic.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.246-254
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• 2001

In this work, the stabilization of chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) rubber emulsion with surfactants, i.e., nonionic (Span 60) or anionic (Sodium laurylsulfate, SLS) surfactants, was investigated. The phase inversion emulsification by interfacial chemical characteristics was used to emulsify the CSM rubber. As a result, the emulsion phase separation was observed in the case of any single surfactant. However, there was no phase separation in the mixture of Span 60 and SLS in the context of emulsion droplet size tests and rheological behaviors. The droplet size decreases by increasing the surfactant mixture, resulting in increasing the viscosity. The viscosity and shear stress determined from shear rate show a shear thinning and yield behaviors. It was then found that the emulsion stabilization can be improved using the phase inversion emulsification method and surfactant mixture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.285-288
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• 2004

약 10,000 ing TPH/kg으로 오염시킨 디젤오염토양을 계면활성제로 세정한 결과 단일 계면활성제를 사용한 경우에는 POE12가 63%로 가장 세정효율이 우수하였다 단일 계면활성제를 혼합하여 세정한 결과 POE12와 SDS를 1%로 혼합하였을 때 10%의 세정증가효과가 있었으나, 다른 혼합액에서는 POE12를 단일로 사용한 경우와 유사하거나 오히려 감소하였다. 토양세정과 응집제를 사용하여 디젤오염토양을 정화할 경우 비이온 계면활성제인 POE12와 음이온 계면활성제인 SDS를 혼합하여 세정한 후 고분자 응집제인 A601p를 사용하여 세정액을 응집처리하는 것이 가장 효과적이었다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.523-530
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• 1999

Acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive has been made utilizing organic solvents, but nowadays it is made by solvent-free system due to environmental problems. In this study, emulsion polymerization were carried out at $40^{\circ}C$ with methacrylic acid(MAA), n-butyl acrylate(n-BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate(2-EHA) as monomers in the presence of anionic(sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and nonionic(ethylene oxide types) surfactant mixtures. The overall conversion of the polymerization reaction in a mixed surfactant system was found to be higher than that in a single surfactant system. Emulsion stability in mixed or anionic surfactant systems was found to be over 12 week, which was better than that in nonionic surfactant system. Emulsion particle size decreased as surfactant content increased. The Tg and molecular weight of emulsion polymer were inependent of the type, the amount and the mixing ratio of surfactant. Based on the results of stability and peel strength, the optimum nonionic surfactant ratio in total 4 g of surfactant mixture systems is found to be 40~60% by weight where the nonionic surfactant has 50 ethylene oxide groups and 16~18 carbon atoms in hydrophobic alkyl chain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 1997

A series of batch tests were conducted to evaluate the design parameters for the application of soil washing techniques to the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs)-contaminated soil using mixed surfactants. Because the mixed surfactants form different structures of molecular aggregates from single surfactant, they were applied to improve the washing efficiency. Kinds of surfactants added, mixing ratio, and total concentration of mixed surfactants were evaluated. The uncontaminated soil was obtained from a country hill near Nock-Chun Station in Seoul. The portion of soil passing #4 (4.75 mm) sieve was used. The pH, organic contents and cation exchange capacity were 4.4, 1.6% and 4.08 meq/100 g, respectively The soil was artificially contaminated by n-dodecane. The 5% solution of OA-5 and OA-14 (1:1) showed 86% washing efficency. The 4% solution of SDS and OA-5 (1:1) showed 95% washing efficiency.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.876-880
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• 1999

The surfactant self-diffusion coefficients of mixed micellar solutions of ionic and nonionic surfactants have been measured by the NMR pulsed field gradient spin echo(FT-PGSE) method. In addition, the line widths of $^1H$ NMR signal have been monitored. The system investgated are $C_{12}EO_5/SDS/D_2O$, $C_{12}EO_5/DTAC/D_2O$, and $C_{12}EO_8/SDS/D_2O$. In the sample series, the molar ratios of $D_2O$ to surfactant(ionic+nonionic) were kept constant while the surfactant mixing ratio was varied. For the $C_{12}EO_5$ system, the surfactant self-diffusion coefficient indicates minimum when the surfactant mixing ratio is about 20% ionic surfactant. The observed decrease in self-diffusion coefficients as nonionic surfactant was replaced by ionic surfactant is interpreted to mainly be due to an increased micelle-micelle repulsion. The increase in self-diffusion coefficients occurring at higher fraction of ionic surfactant is shown to be due to a decrease in micelle size. For the $C_{12}EO_8$ system, the effect of the surfactant mixing ratio is much weaker which can be understood by considering the molecular geometry and large headgroup area. The proton NMR line widths correlate well with the self-diffusion coefficients and broadening of the alkyl chain methylene signals is found when the self-diffusion coefficients is low.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.171-176
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• 1998

The effect of non-ionic surfactants added by hydroxides was studied to wash HOCs-contaminated soil. The kinds and concentrations of additives-mixed surfactants suitable for the soil washing were found. The effects of temperature on the soil washing were analyzed and the relations of HLB and cloud point were estabilished. As the base strength was increased, the washing efficiency was increased : NaOH＞KOH＞ Mg(OH)$_2$>Al(OH)$_3$. Washing efficiency was not enhanced by Al(OH)$_3$for coagulation effect. When NaOH was added to POE$\_$5/ washing efficiencies by 0.01 M and 0.1 M solutions were increased to 62.5% and 67.3%, respectively. At 1 M of NaOH washing efficiency was decreased to 4.2%. The Optimum concentration ratio of mixed surfactant ［POE$\_$5//POE$\_$14/] was 1.8%/1.2% without additives. But optimum concentration ratio of surfactants was changed to 1.2%/1.8% with 0.01 M of NaOH addition. The surface tensions and CMCs of mixed surfactant added by NaOH solutions were investigated. The addition of NaOH reduces the surface tension of more hydrophobic surfactants. The nonionic surfactant of higher HLB showed highed cloud point.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.438-447
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• 2020

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of the mixed surfactant systems and the solubilization conatant (K_s) values of 4-ethylaniline in those solutions were measured and analyzed by the UV-Vis method. As a result, the mixed surfactant systems of TTAB/LSB and TTAB/TX-100 did not deviate significantly from ideal mixed micellization. However, the mixed systems of SDS/LSB and SDS/TX-100 showed great negative deviations from ideal mixed model. These differences showed that the intensity of the interaction between two components in the mixed micelle was different for each mixed system and that these differences greatly influenced the solubilization of 4-ethylaniline by a mixed surfactant system. Among pure surfactants, an anionic surfactant such as SDS showed a greater K_s value than other ionic surfactants, and the K_s value by each surfactant system decreased in the order of SDS≫TTAB≧LSB>TX-100. In addition, the K_s values of all the mixed surfactant systems were higher than those of the pure surfactants constituting the mixed systems.