• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate rotavirus infection by comparing the clinical characteristics in neonates and infants. Methods: We enrolled 104 neonates and 250 infants wiht gastroenteritis and a rotazyme test positive reaction at the Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital from February 2001 to January 2003. Results: The seasonal peaks of infection in infants occurred from February to June. However, in neonates, it occurred from October to December due to nursery outbreaks. Diarrhea, vomiting, fever and convulsions were significant symptoms in infants; however, metabolic acidosis with dehydration, jaundice, irritability, apnea, bloody stool, gastric residual, grunting, poor oral intake, lethargy as well as fever and diarrhea were more common in the neonates. Upper respiratory infection, pneumonia and bronchitis were present in the infants; however, necrotizing enterocolitis was more commonly observed in the in neonates. Among the patients with rotaviral infection, formula feeding was more popular than breast milk feeding in both the neonates and infants; however, this finding was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Rotavirus can be a significant pathogen in neonates as well as infants. Neonates suffering from fever, poor oral intake, lethargy and apnea should be investigated for rotaviral infection. A new vaccine, rotaviral specific immunoglobulin and treatment guidelines are needed for eradicating rotavirus infection. Further studies on isolation, infection pathway, immune response and treatment of rotavirus are needed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.869-875
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• 1989

For the evaluation of storage stability of kiwifruit, the conditions of CA storage were based on the following gas compositions; 2% oxygen and 2, 4, 6% carbon dioxide, respectively. The results obtained from the experiment were as follows; The flesh softening was considerably reduced at the storage atmospheres of 4% $CO_2$ plus 2% $O_2$, and fruit firmness of 3.0kg was marked in this CA condition after storage for 180 days. The concentration of $CO_2$ affected clearly on the respiration rate and organic acid compositions of kiwifruit during CA storage. The respiration rate at the storage condition of 6% $CO_2$ was lower than those at 2 and 4% $CO_2$. Quinic and succinic acid contents were obviously increased in the kiwifruit stored at all the CA conditions studied. In comparision of the developed amounts of off-flavor substances, ethanol and acetaldehyde, depended upon the concentration of $CO_2$ in the CA conditions, the larger amount were produced in the storage condition of higher concentration of $CO_3$. From the results mentioned above, it could be concluded that the optimum atmosphere combination for CA storage of kiwifruit was 4% $CO_2$ plus 2% $O_2$.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.224-231
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• 2011

Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage was analyzed for the export quality of 'Fuji' apples after 8-month storage. Apples were harvested from two orchards located in different regions at relatively late stage of maturity for long-term storage. Fruit were treated with 1 ${\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP and then stored in $0^{\circ}C$ air or CA with 1.5 kPa $O_2$ and < 1.0 kPa $CO_2$ for 8 months. To simulate poststorage export process such as 2-week refrigerated container shipment plus 7-day local distribution, fruit were put in $0^{\circ}C$ air storage for additional two weeks and then on the shelf for 7 days at $20^{\circ}C$. Both the 1-MCP treatment and CA storage reduced respiration and ethylene evolution after storage and shipping simulation, and successfully maintained titratable acidity and flesh firmness even after the export process. In 'Fuji' apples harvested after adequate stage of maturity for long-term storage, however, 1-MCP treatment alone seemed not to be satisfactory for the maintenance of sensorial fruit texture for export market. CA storage or 1-MCP treatment/CA storage combination program should be applied for lately harvested 'Fuji' apples exported after eight months storage.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2003

Background : According to the study in ICOPER (International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry), the overall mortality rate of acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE) at 3 months is 17.4%. According to the study for current status of APTE in Japan, the hospital mortality rate is 14%. Although the incidence and mortality rate of APTE has been increasing, patient characteristics, management strategies, and outcome of APTE in the Korean population have not yet been assessed in large series. We therefore performed the national survey for the current status of APTE in the Korean population. Methods : 808 registry patients with APTE were analyzed with respect to clinical characteristics, risk factors, diagnostic procedures, treatment, and clinical outcome. Results : Main risk factors were immobilization, recent major surgery, and cancer. Common symptoms were dyspnea and chest pain. Common signs were tachypnea and tachycardia. The majority of registry patients underwent lung perfusion scanning. Spiral CT was used in 309 patients(42.9%), and angiography in 48 patients(7.9%). Heparin was the most widely used treatment. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, onset in hospital (odds ratio 1.88, p=0.0385), lung cancer (odds ratio 9.20, p=0.0050), tachypnea (odds ratio 3.50, p=0.0001), shock (odds ratio 6.74, p=0.0001), and cyanosis (odds ratio 3.45, p=0.0153) were identified as significant prognostic factors. The overall mortality rate was 16.9% and mortality associated with APTE was 9.0%. Conclusions : The present registry demonstrated the clinical characteristics, diagnostic strategies, management and outcome of patient with APTE in Korea. The mortality rate was 9.0%, and the predictors of mortality were onset in hospital, lung cancer, tachypnea, shock, and cyanosis. These results may be important for risk stratification as well as for the identification of potential candidates for more aggressive treatment.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.341-347
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• 2010

This paper reports is a descriptive study for analyzing the knowledge level and educational condition of dental hygiene students regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). This study was implemented from May 24, 2010 to June 4, 2010. The results were as follows: 1. The score was low for the knowledge level of CPR (3.72 out of 8.0). 2. The knowledge level of CPR was higher in the students with heart disease in their family than in those without(t=5.725, P<0.05). 3. While students had a high percentage of correct answers e.g. 93.5% and 73.8% for the mouth-to-mouth CPR and hand position in pressing the upper part of the belly, they had low percentage of correct answers, e.g. 8.2%, 28.9%, 25.4%, and 49.2% for consciousness and breathing check, maintaining the airway and the time to brain damage from a heart attack, respectively. 4. The students used TV(55.2%) and the Internet(20.1%) as the medium for observing CPR. 5. 60.2% of students did not have any training in CPR. 6. More than 90.0% of students required training in CPR. Most of the students requested CPR training when they attended middle and high school. They had hoped to receive CPR training at school or a specialized training organization. In conclusion, the knowledge level of CPR of dental hygiene students is low, and the need for training and participation is high. Therefore, dental hygiene students should receive CPR training.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of calcium chloride treatment (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) in red sweet pepper 'Ace' on the improvement of shelf-life and the physiological characteristics. $C_2H_4$ production and respiration rates of fruits treated with $CaCl_2$ before harvest decreased during storage of red sweet pepper at $7^{\circ}C$. Ca contents in the leaves and in the fruits showed also a greater increase in treatment of $CaCl_2$ than that in control. No difference was found in total sugar, whereas sucrose content was rapidly reduced after 20 days at $7^{\circ}C$. Ascorbic acid contents were increased by the $CaCl_2$ treatment. As Ca concentration is getting higher, the fruit decay rate was significantly reduced. From this result, we can positively conclude that foliar application with the concentration of 0.3% $CaCl_2$ and 0.5% $CaCl_2$ before harvest is effective in improving storage quality in red sweet pepper.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.593-600
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• 1999

The survival rates of Littorina brevicula exposed to experimental concentration regimes of TBTCl, HB and Cd on the large and the small size individuals during 80 days were $80\%$ at 0,9ppb TBTCl, 40 and $25\%$, respectively at 200ppb Hg, and 75 and $45\%$, respectively at 100ppb Cd. The growth rates of the experimental animals exposed to each concentration for 80 days was 0.023mm/day at control, 0.019mm/day at 0.1ppb and 0.014mm/day at 0.9ppb TBTCl, 0.022 mm/day at 5ppb, 0.008 mm/day at 200ppb Hg, and 0.017 mm/day at 5ppb, 0.008mm/day at 100ppb Cd. The respiration rates and excretion rates of the experimental animals exposed to chronic concentration of TBTCl, Hg and Cd were decreased until approximatively 40 days and increased after, Toxic effect of pollutants on L. brevicula was highest at TBTCl. The histological injury of L. brevicula exposed to TBTCl, Hg and Cd was shown at gill, digestive organ and muscle, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.121-130
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• 2018

'Mats-kyeong-chae (Brassica lee ssp. namai cv. Tongssamchoo)', a new type of sweet Korean cabbage for fresh wrapping and soup cooking, was released by the Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries. The shelf-life and quality changes of this new cultivar was evaluated by packaging with PP (polypropylene) film bag and storing at three temperatures ($5^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, and $25^{\circ}C$). As control, the cabbage was packaged in a corrugated paper box and stored at $25^{\circ}C$. At the storage temperature of $5^{\circ}C$, the degree of freshness, weight loss, hue angle and SPAD on cabbage packaged with PP film bag maintained its good quality and exhibited a longer period of marketable life compared to the samples stored in other treatments. Results showed that the use of PP film packaging and storing at $5^{\circ}C$ could be the optimum condition for commercial storage of 'Mats-kyeong-chae'. Further investigation on other quality parameters according to different packaging methods would be useful in maintaining the quality of 'Mats-kyeong-chae' at postharvest stages.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2001

In order to study the effect of modified atmosphere storage on extending shelf life of King Oyster mushroom was wrapped with PVC film and packed with 20$\mu\textrm{m}$polyolefin(PD941), and effects of temperature(0, 5, 10$^{\circ}C$) in packaging conditions on the respiration and keeping qualities were evaluated. Higher respiratory activity and weight loss were observed at higher temperature. The concentration of O$_2$and CO$_2$ of PVC wrap and polyolefin(PD941) packages for all showed 1∼2% and 10∼14%, respectively. Polyolefin(PD941) package wan superior to the PVC wrap packaging method in Hardness, Hunter L value, Hunter b value and sensory qualities, and reducing weight loss at 0$^{\circ}C$, 5$^{\circ}C$ and 10$^{\circ}C$ compared to PVC wrap. It was found that the optimum shelf-life period of King Oyster mushroom packaged by PVC wrap was estimated to be 50, 28 and 12 days at 0, 5 and 10$^{\circ}C$, respectively, and 50, 32 and 21 days in Polyolefin(PD941).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.179-183
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• 1980

The efficiency of energy transfer by a population of the farmed pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas was studied during culture period of 10 months July 1979-April 1980, in Geoje-Hansan Bay near Chungmu City. Energy use by the farmed oyster population was calculated from estimates of half-a-month unit age specific natural mortality rate and data on growth, gonad output, shell organic matter production and respiration. Total mortality during the culture period was estimated approximate $36\%$ from data on survivor individual number per cluster. Growth may be dual consisted of a curved line during the first half culture period (July-November) and a linear line in the later half period (December-April). The first half growth was approximated by the von Bertalanffy growth model; shell height, $SH=6.33\;(1-e^{0.2421(t+0.54)})$, where t is age in half-a-month unit. In the later half growth period shell height was related to t by SH=4.44+0.14t. Dry meat weight (DW) was related to shell height by log $DW=-2.2907+2.589{\cdot}log\;SH,\;(2, and/or log $DW=-5.8153+7.208{\cdot}log\;SH,\;(5. Size specific gonad output (G) as calculated by condition index of before and after the spawning season, was related to shell height by $G=0.0145+(3.95\times10^{-3}{\times}SH^{2.9861})$. Shell organic matter production (SO) was related to shell height by log $SO=-3.1884+2.527{\cdot}1og\;SH$. Size and temperature specific respiration rate (R) as determined in biotron system with controlled temperature, was related to dry meat weight and temperature (T) by log $R=(0.386T-0.5381)+(0.6409-0.0083T){\cdot}log\;DW$. The energy used in metabolism was calculated from size, temperature specific respiration and data on body composition. The calorie contents of oyster meat were estimated by bomb calorimetry based on nitrogen correction. The assimilation efficiency of the oyster estimated directly by a insoluble crude silicate method gave $55.5\%$. From the information presently available by other workers, the assimilation efficiency ranges between $40\%\;and\;70\%$. Twenty seven point four percent of the filtered food material expressed by energy value for oyster population was estimated to have been rejected as pseudofaeces : $17.2\%$ was passed as faeces; $35.04\%$ was respired and lost as heat; $0.38\%$ was bounded up in shell organics; $2.74\%$ was released as gonad output, $2.06\%$ was fell as meat reducing by mortality. The remaining $15.28\%$ was used as meat production. The net efficiency of energy transfer from assimilation to meat production (yield/assimilation) of a farm population of the oyster was estimated to be $28\%$ during culture period July 1979-April 1980. The gross efficiency of energy transfer from ingestion to meat production (yield/food filtered) is probably between $11\%\;and\;20\%$.