• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2005

Purpose : S. pneumoniae is one of major pathogens of community-acquired respiratory infections. The rate of antibiotic resistance to this organism has increased, and resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents in a single strain of S. pneumoniae may compromise the efficacy of empiric antimicrobial treatment commonly used for respiratory infections. We did this study to find out the penicillin resistant distributions and oral antibiotics susceptibility patterns against S. pneumoniae, isolated from pediatric patients with community-acquired respiratory infections in Korea. Methods : One hundred fifty six pneumococcal isolates obtained from pediatric patients with community-acquired respiratory infections such as acute otitis media(AOM), sinusitis and pneumonia between May 2000 to June 2003. And MICs of penicillin and oral antibiotics(amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefaclor) were performed by broth microdilution methods according to the NCCLS(2003a). Results : Seventy eight percent of the isolates were resistant to penicillin. The isolates, collected from AOM patients showed the highest penicillin resistance(92.7%). The resistant rates of amoxicillin (16.7%) and amoxicillin-clavulanate(9.6%), based on susceptibility breakpoints established by the NCCLS, were markedly lower than these of penicillin. But, the resistant rate of cefaclor was very high, above 95%. Conclusion : We concluded that pneumococci isolated from study cases may be one of the world's highest penicillin resistant rates. But, amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate can be used as a first-line antibiotics. Finally, we hope that a continuous surveillance study to monitor resistant patterns of pneumococcal respiratory infections will be needed for the standard guidelines of empiric antibiotic treatment.

• Feed Journal
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• v.3 no.9 s.25
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• pp.136-141
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• 2005

환절기나 겨울철에 사람들은 독감, 천식, 비염 등 호흡기성 질환의 발병율이 높아지는 것과 동일하게 닭에서도 호흡기성 질병이 발생된다. 더군다나 닭은 어느 동물보다 호흡기를 구성하고 있는 실질장기들의 표면적이 넓어 그 만큼 많은 병원체에 쉽게 감염되며, 이에 따라 양계농장에서는 이들 전염병으로 피해가 속출하고 있다. 밤낮 기온차가 큰 환절기나 추운 겨울철에는 계사내 보온과 에너지절약, 이 두 가지 효과를 동시에 얻기 위해 노력하다 보면 신선한 산소의 제공

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.721-731
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, infection management intention and educational needs among nurses with no experience of new respiratory infectious diseases (NRID: SARS and MERS). Data were collected from 162 nurses working at the general hospitals in B city using structured questionnaires from October 10 to 31, 2017. The infection management intention of NRID was high in those who were over 30 years old, married, highly educated, and had a total working experience of more than 5 years. Nurses' infection management intention for NRID showed a positive correlation between knowledge of NRID (r=.27, p<.001) and attitude toward NRID (r=.65, p<.001). In other words, the higher the knowledge score for NRID, the more positive the attitude and the higher the infection management intention. In addition, the knowledge score related to incubation period, treatment, isolation, and release criteria was low while the educational needs were high. Therefore, in preparation for the possibility of NRID relapse and other NRID in the future, a systematic program addressing these educational needs for nurses should be periodically implemented to enhance infection management.

• Feed Journal
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• v.4 no.12 s.40
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• pp.136-141
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• 2006

소에서 발생하는 호흡기 질병은 가축이 가지고 있는 내적인 요인과 사육환경의 악화나 각종 스트레스 등의 외적인 요인과의 복합적인 균형의 파괴에서 시작된다고 볼 수 있다. 이와 같은 질병발생요인은 다른 축종이나 소화기 등 타 질병에서도 동인한 사항으로 생각될 수 있으나 호흡기질병의 경우 환경적인 요인이 더욱 중요한 발병이자로 작용하게 된다. 즉 밀집다두사육, 환절기의 낮과 밤의 큰 일교차, 환기불량이나 우사내의 유해가스, 장거리 수송 등의 스트레스가 일차적인 발병인자가 되며, 이타적으로 가축이 가지고 있거나 외부에서 유입된 여러 가지의 병원 미생물의 다량증식하고, 동물개체는 면역력이 떨어지면서 질병에 감염되어 단일 또는 복합적인 임상증상으로 나타나는 것이다. 호흡기질병의 원인균에는 다양한 종류의 세균 및 바이러스에 의해 이루어지며, 단일의 원인균에 의한 질병발생보다는 복합적으로 감염되어 병을 악화시키고 피해를 크게 하는 것이 일반적이다. 본고에서는 소에서 흔히 나타날 수 있는 주요한 세균성 호흡기 질병의 종류와 임상증상 및 일반적인 방제대책에 대하여 기술하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.298-299
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• 2015

본 논문은 2013년 5월 국제바이러스 분류 위원회에서 중동호흡기증후군을 일으키는 신종 코로나바이러스를 메르스코로나바이러스(MERS-CoV)라 명명한 후, 2015년 5월 국내에 감염자가 들어와 이후 확산되고, 중동 호흡기 증후군 환자 발생 후 국내 첫 사망자가 발생한 일개 병원 지역응급의료센터 내원 후 확산을 막기 위하여 시행하였던 경험들을 공유하고자 한 내용이다.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.22-25
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• 2015

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed at determining the detection rate of respiratory viruses and at investigating the risk factors associated with respiratory virus detection in young infants. Methods: From September 2011 to August 2012, nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from 227 infants aged ${\leq}90$ days with suspected infectious diseases, including sepsis. We performed a retrospective analysis of their clinical characteristics. The prevalence of respiratory viruses in their nasopharyngeal swabs was assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Results: In total, 157 (69.2%) infants had more than one of the following respiratory viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (n=75), rhinovirus (n=42), influenza virus (n=18), parainfluenza virus (n=15), human metapneumovirus (n=9), coronavirus (n=9), adenovirus (n=4), and bocavirus (n=3). During the same period, bacterial infections were confirmed in 24 infants (10.6%). The detection of respiratory viruses was significantly associated with the presence of cough, a family history of respiratory illness, and a seasonal preference (fall/winter). Using logistic regression analysis, these 3 variables were also identified as significant risk factors. During fall and winter, detection of respiratory viruses was significantly higher in infants who did not have a bacterial infection. Conclusion: Respiratory virus is an important pathogen in young infants admitted to a hospital, who are suspected with infectious diseases. Detection of respiratory viruses in young infants was associated with seasonality (fall/winter), presence of respiratory symptoms and a family history of respiratory illness.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2003

Purpose : Respiratory viruses are one of the most infectious agent in human. Acute lower respiratory tract infection(ALRTIs) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in children. This study is performed to investigate the etiologic organism, age and sex distribution, clinical manifestations and seasonal occurrence of ALRTIs in children. Methods : Viral agent was evaluated with nasopharyngeal aspirates, rhinorrhea and saliva collected from 568 patients. We confirmed viral agents in 54 patients who were younger than 15 year old. They had visited Maryknoll Hospital, Busan in Korea from January, 2002 to December, 2002 for ALRTIs. Results : The viral pathogens identified were Influenza A virus(59.3%), Enterovirus(33.3%), Adenovirus(5.6%), and Influenza B virus(1.9%). Parainfluenza virus and Respiratory syncytial virus were not detected. The occurrence of acute lower respiratory infections was high between 3 & 6 years old. The clinical patterns include pneumonia(51.9%), bronchitis(31.5%), croup(9.3%), bronchiolitis(7.4%). The respiratory viral agents had their characteristic seasonal patterns. Conclusion : Influenza A virus was the most common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in Busan area during the 2002. ALRTIs had high occurrence between 3 to 6 years old. And the most common clinical patterns were pneumonia and bronchitis.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.136-142
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• 2015

The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (KSPID) has participated in the task force team consisting of government authorities as well as civil medical experts and facilities to block the spread of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in 2015. KSPID posted the "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Pop-up" in the homepage of The Korean Pediatric Society and The Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. KSPID also released the "Guidelines for testing for MERS in children and adolescents" and the "Instructions for the Operation of National Safe Hospital" for children and adolescents in a timely manner. Such actions were aimed to prevent unnecessary anxieties, studies and isolation of pediatric patients with respiratory symptoms and signs caused by other common microbial etiologies as being suspected for MERS patients. This strategy relieved the doctors and parents from unnecessary fear and prevented the loss of unnecessary health care costs, and has proven to be a well-judged guideline and management protocol as evaluated after the final end of MERS outbreak. KSPID and its members should support the presence of pediatric infectious disease (PID) specialists in every medium size hospitals in Korea by developing the need for consultation fees for PID consultation in the hospital based practice and promoting the potential for cost savings related to prevention of health care associated infections and optimal prescription of antimicrobial agents. KSPID and its members need to approach and develop a communication plan to political decision makers to demonstrate and convince them of the importance of a PID specialist service.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.587-596
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• 1994

COPD의 치료에 대해 약술하였다. 예방을 위해서는 개인적으로는 금연, 국가사회적으로는 공해의 해결이 필요하며 진행된 질병에서는 진행을 막기 위한 감염의 예방 및 감염시 즉각적인 항균제 치료, 필요에 따라서 항염증제, 그리고 생활의 질을 높이기 위해서 각종 재활요법이 필요하다. 원활한 재활요법을 위해서는 필요한 기구 장비의 구입이 쉬워야 하고 치료진에서는 호흡기 전문의사, 호흡치료사, 의료기사, 병원 및 가정간호사, 사회사업가(social worker), 정신과의사, 영양사 등의 팀으로의 접근이 필요하고 제도적으로 보험적용이 되도록 해야 하겠다. 불구가 심한 예에서는 폐이식이 시도되며 기술적인 문제는 다소 해결된듯하나 장기공여자 등의 문제로 보편화되지는 않고 있다.