• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2018

Bactrocera depressa and B. scutellata are serious insect pests to pumpkin in Korea. Adult stage which exposes to aerial condition is the optimal target for control because the immature stages of both species hide within host fruit, flowers or under ground. This study aimed to develop an attract-to-kill technique of their females. A commercially available attract-to-kill agent was not effective to attract these two pumpkin fruit flies. This study developed an attractant containing protein-based terpinyl acetate (TA). This TA-protein lure was effective to attract two pumpkin fruit flies. It attracted both sexes with female-biased frequency (60-70%). This TA-protein lure would be used for control both pumpkin fruit flies and may be used for monitoring field populations of B. depressa, in which specific attractant is not known.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the constituents of pumpkin and sweet-pumpkin. Moisture content of pumpkin was higher than that of sweet-pumpkin, but the other proximate constituents were lower. The major free amino acids were aspartic acid, threonine and cystine in pumpkin and cystine, arginine and tyrosine in sweet-pumpkin. Non-volatile organic acid of sweet-pumpkin was higher than that of pumpkin. Crude fat content of pumpkin and sweet-pumpkin were 0.33% and 0.48%. The major fatty acids were palmitic acid, linolenic acid and linoleic acid in pumpkin and oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid in sweet-pumpkin. The content of unsaturated fatty acid was 52.3%, 71.5% in pumpkin and sweet-pumpkin, respectively. The contents of minerals, vitamin C and carotenoid in sweet-pumpkin were higher than those of pumpkin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1102-1107
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• 2001

The mixing conditions of kochujang added pumpkin extract were optimized by response surface methodology. The organoleptic color of pumpkin kochujang showed the maximum score for the mixing condition of 433.63 g pumpkin extract, 81.76 g red pepper powder and 17.03 g meju powder. The organoleptic aroma of pumpkin kochujang revealed the maximum score for the condition of 437.07g pumpkin extract, 83.65 g red pepper powder and 11.90 g meju powder. The organoleptic taste of pumpkin kochujang showed the maximum score in 382.94 g pumpkin extract, 63.44 g red pepper powder and 13.10 g meju powder. The optimum mixing conditions for overall acceptability of pumpkin kochujang were 442.04 g pumpkin extract, 62.58 g red pepper powder and 16.30 g meju powder.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.190-198
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• 2013

Ambers have been used mostly as beads, jewelry and ornaments from ancient times and excavated as a buried artifact. When excavated, they are severely weathered to be cracked, exfoliated and disintegrated. Monitoring of changes in composition of amber according to weathering is very important for diagnosing the condition of amber and applying conservation materials and techniques. In this study, we tried to find the components of amber by analyzing amber with pyrolysis/GC/MS. The changes in the composition of pyrolzates after artificial ageing for 60 days under heat and oxygen were also observed. Abietic acid was detected as a main component of fresh amber and monoterpene, alkene, aromatic hydrocarbon were detected as major pyrolyzates. Changes with artificial ageing was estimated by comparing the peak area ratio of 23 components, and it was found that abietic acid abruptly decreased in the presence of heat and oxygen together, revealing that oxygen is a key factor to the deterioration of amber. It was also tried to understand the weathered surface of original amber gemstone based on the result of this ageing experiment.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 2013

This study was conducted to develop the optimum mixing rates of a functional instant pumpkin gruel including pumpkin powder and to have the high preference to all age groups. The produced of this study were to optimum the composite recipe by making instant pumpkin gruel, respectively, with the different 16 experimental point with 3 replicates of the weight of pumpkin powder ($X_1$), roasted soybean flour ($X_2$) and gelatinized rice flour ($X_3$), and by quantities of the using response surface methodology(RSM). The color, pH, viscosity, and sensory characteristics(appearance, color, flavor, taste, viscosity, overall acceptability) were dependent parameters. The color of instant pumpkin gruel L value decreased with increasing amounts of pumpkin powder and a value and b value increased. pH and viscosity increased with increasing amounts of pumpkin powder and roasted soybean powder. The optimal mixing percentage of pumpkin powder, roasted soybean flour and gelatinized rice flour were 5.25 g, 3.00 g and 4.50 g for overall quality of 5.72 g, 4.30 g and 3.00 g for maximum score of overall organoleptic quality, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.337-342
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• 2006

호박 분말을 첨가한 라면의 $\beta$-carotene의 함량 정량 결과 호박분말을 첨가할수록 $\beta$-carotene의 함량은 증가하였다. 총균수 검사에서는 제조 후 44일까지는 균이 검출되지 않았으며 58일째부터 호박 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라서 그 총균수의 검출이 증가함을 알 수 있으며 이는 공기 중의 미생물의 오염과 상온 상태의 호박에 함유되어 있는 여러 종류의 영양성분 등에 의하여 균이 성장할 수 있는 최대의 생육 조건에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 관능 검사에서 가장 선호도가 좋았던 호박 분말을 2.5% 첨가한 라면은 과산화물가가 기준치에 도달하는 기간을 120일(약 4개월)로 추측할 수 있었다. TBA value의 실험에서는 2.5% 호박 분말이 첨가된 라면의 산패는 대조군과 큰 차이를 보이지 않으므로 이것을 줄이기 위해 완전한 밀봉 포장이 이루어진다면 산패의 속도를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 호박을 첨가한 라면의 저장 안정성에 대한 연구 결과 호박을 첨가하면 할수록 라면의 저장성이 떨어진다고 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 그러한 원인으로는 호박에 함유되어 있는 여러 종류의 영양성분과 라면과의 결합시 호박에 함유된 $\beta$-carotene 이외의 다른 물질들에 의해서 저장성 및 안정성에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 또한 보관 시의 문제점으로써 포장상태를 들 수 있는데 포장상태가 완전한 밀봉상태가 아닌 비닐팩을 이용하였다는 것이다. 이는 호박 라면의 공기와의 접촉을 촉진한 계기가 되었으며 그로 인하여 여러 가지 미생물들의 활성이 활발히 이루어졌으며 또한 지질의 산패를 가속화시킨 결과라고 생각된다. 따라서 호박 라면 제조시 이러한 공기와의 접촉을 차단시킬 수 있는 포장재료를 선택해야 될 것으로 사료된다.0.05), 맛, 연도, 다즙성 및 전체적인 기호성은 유의한 차이가 없었다.자체를 악하다고 볼 수 없고 더구나 구원을 이 세상에서의 이탈로 볼 수 없다. 진정한 구원이란 원래 하나님이 보시기에 아름다웠던 그 세상으로의 회복을 포함한다. 이런 면에서 하나님 주권 신앙 하에서 구원이란 전 인격적인 구원, 전 우주적인 구원이 된다. 그렇기 때문에 성도는 세상의 삶과 학문, 예술, 정치, 경제, 사회를 포함한 모든 분야를 하나님의 뜻 가운데서 그 원래의 목적에 부합할 수 있도록 회복시키는 일에 적극 참여해야 한다.자체가 이를 주도하기는 사실 어려움이 있다. 그리고 대형유통점이 영업행위를 영업시간제한에서부터 출점제한에 이르기까지 규제하는 건은 심사숙고하여야 한다. 대형유통점이 국가경제 및 지역사회에 미치는 영향이 부정적인가 긍정적인가에 대해 국내외 학계와 업계에서 여전히 많은 논란이 있기 때문이다. 정부와 지자체에 의한 시장개입은 반드시 필요한 경우에 한해 합당한 방법에 의해 이루어져야 한다. 대형유통점에 대한 규제는 지역사회에 미치는 영향을 다면적으로 평가한 결과에 근거하여 이루어져야 할 것이다. 대부분의 지자체는 체계적인 평가시스템과 객관적인 통계 자료를 갖고 있지 못한 실정이다. 향후 가장 시급한 과제는 시장개방 이후 지난 10년간 대형유통점이 지역사회에 미친 영향에 관한 광범위한 통계자료를 수집하고 이를 체계적으로 분석하여 정책방향을 올바르게 설정하는 것이라 할 수 있다.i와 K. pneumoniae가 존재하며 확산 중임을 시사한다. 앞으로 CTX-M형 ESBL의 만연과 변종 CTX-M형 ESBL의 출연을 감시하기 위한 정기적인 연구와 조사가 필요한 것으로 생각한다., A2-1, B1-1, B2-1의 경우, 강우 일수 감소 이전과 연 유출량 변화는 거의 없었으나, 유사량과 영양물질 부하량은 다소

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2012

This study was carried out to compare the quality properties of pork loin from pigs fed different levels of pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) powder. Twenty female pigs (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) were fed either a control (commercial diet, based on corn and soybean meal) or the control diet supplemented with 2, 5 and 7% of pumpkin powder for 30 days. Dietary supplementation with pumpkin powder resulted in significantly higher moisture and fat contents in pork loin compared to the control (p<0.05). Dietary supplementation with pumpkin powder led to increased redness, pH and decreased shear force value and cholesterol levels in pork loin (p<0.05). In fatty acid composition, dietary supplementation with 2% or 5% pumpkin powder increased the palmitoleic acid (C16:1) in pork loin. These data suggest that supplementing pig diets with pumpkin powder can produce pork loin with low cholesterol levels and can enhance quality properties because pork loin fed a pumpkin powder-supplemented diet had better moisture, fat contents and tenderness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.140-140
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• 2003

호박(Cucurbita moschta DUCH)은 한국인들이 즐겨먹는 식용자원으로서 독특한 향미와 약리작용을 갖고 있다. 또한 기후 환경에 대한 적응력이 높고 병해충에도 비교적 강하여 농약사용이 적은 무공해 식품으로 알려져 있다. 호박의 과육에는 혈전증 예방과 두뇌발달에 기여하는 $\alpha$-linoleic acid가 다량 함유되어 있고, 비타민 A의 전구체인 $\beta$-carotene이 풍부하며, 위장이 약한 사람, 회복기의 환자, 부기가 있는 산모에게 좋은 식품으로 애용되어 왔다. 또한 예로부터 호박씨는 독성이 없으므로 어린이, 임산부, 허약자의 조충, 구제약으로 또는 젖이 잘 나지 않을 때에도 많이 쓰여왔다. 그리고 호박꽃은 잎과 함께 식용으로 널리 이용되었을 뿐 아니라 벌레에 물렸거나 상처 난 곳에 으깨어 문지르면 효과가 있어 민간요법으로 사용되어 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라 전역에서 쉽게 구할 수 있는 호박꽃의 생리활성능을 검색해 봄으로써 천연기능성 식품 소재로의 활용가능성을 제시해 보고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.914-920
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• 2008

In this study, hard roll breads were prepared with 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15% of concentrated sweet pumpkin powder (CSPP). The samples and a control were then compared in terms of quality characteristics, including pH, total titratable acidity, fermentation power of dough expansion, specific volume, baking loss, moisture content, color, textural characteristics, external and internal surface appearances, and sensory qualities of bread in order to determine the optimal ratio of CSPP in the formulation. As CSPP content increased, pH of dough, specific volume, baking loss, and lightness of bread decreased, while total titratable acidity of dough, pH, total titratable acidity, moisture content, and redness of bread increased. Fermentation power of dough expansion increased as incubation time increased. The CSPP samples had significantly higher yellowness, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience than the control group. Adhesiveness was the highest at the 12% substitution level, while the lowest at the 6% level. Springiness increased with increasing CSPP content. In the sensory evaluation, as CSPP content increased, scores for color and consistency of crumb decreased, while scores for aroma of sweet pumpkin, sweetness, and delicious taste increased. Density of crumb pore were maximal with the 12% CSPP substitution. The CSPP samples had significantly higher uniformity of crumb pore and springiness of crumb than the control group. However, mouth-feel and overall acceptability showed the reverse effect, obtaining fairly good scores. In conclusion, the results indicate that substituting $6{\sim}9%$ CSPP to hard roll bread is optimal, providing good physiological properties as well as reasonably high overall acceptability.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2020

Two tephritid fruit flies are infesting pumpkins in Korea. Both are classified into genus of Zeugodacus. The striped fruit fly, Z. scutellata, males are attracted to a lure called Cuelure (CL), which has been used to monitor the occurrence of this fruit fly in the crop field. In contrast, no effective male lure was not developed to monitor the pumpkin fruit fly, Z. depressa. Protein diet lure has been used to attract females of most fruit flies. The addition of terpinyl acetate (TA) was effective to increase the attractiveness of Z. depressa. This study aimed to monitor the occurrence of Z. depressa in pumpkin field with TA-protein diet lure. To validate the efficiency of TA-protein diet lure, Z. scutellata was monitored in a year of 2019 using CL and TA-protein diet lures, and the yearly monitoring data were compared. The occurrence patterns derived from both lures were similar except late season after October. The extended catches of TA-protein diet lure might be explained by the adult diapause induction of Z. scutellata at late September. Monitoring Z. depressa with TA-protein diet lure gave two peaks at mid July and August-September, in which more than 80% catches were females. Based on the attractiveness of TA-protein diet lure, its wettable powder with an addition of spinosad insecticide was formulated and sprayed to pumpkin crops. After 7 days post-spray, the control efficacy recorded more than 70%. However, the control efficacies decreased as the time progressed after the spray. These results demonstrated the application of TA-protein diet lure for monitoring occurrence of Z. depressa in pumpkin-cultivating field conditions. The wettable powder containing spinosad can be applied to develop a new control agent against two pumpkin fruit flies.