• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.40-51
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• 2015

This study is to estimate the viability of aerobic stabilization technology for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from landfills in Korea. In this study, methane emissions were estimated by applying Landfill gas estimation model (LandGEM) to Y landfill in Korea. By comparison of an anaerobic condition (baseline) and an aerobic condition, the amount of $CO_2eq$ savings was calculated. The $CO_2eq$ savings take place inside the landfilled waste during aeration due to the conversion of previously anaerobic biodegradation to aerobic processes, releasing mainly $CO_2$. It was demonstrated that 86.6% of the total GHG emissions occurring under anaerobic conditions could be reduced by aerobic stabilization technology. This means the aerobic stabilization technology could reduce environmental contamination through early stabilization and GHG emissions considerably at the same time. Therefore, the aerobic stabilization technology is one of the optimal technologies that could be employed to domestic landfill sites to achieve sustainable landfill.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1979.10a
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• pp.233.2-234
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• 1979

일본에서는 분뇨를 비료로서 오래동안 사용해왔으나 1954년 일본학술회의가 $\ulcorner$분뇨처리타개책$\lrcorner$을 정부에 권고하여 그해 $\ulcorner$청소법$\lrcorner$이 제정되고, 비료로서의 분뇨의 안전화$.$안정화를 도모해온 역사에 의하여 이들 일반폐기물로서 분뇨를 처리한다는 방향이 정해졌다 그리하여 수회에 결쳐 분뇨처리 시설의 구조기준이 정해졌는데 1977년에는 $\ulcorner$분뇨 처리시설구조지침$\lrcorner$이 나오게 되고 현재까지의 기술의 집대성이 등장하게 된 것이다. 이 지침에 나타나 있는 바는 다음과 같다. 1) 혐기성소화방식 2) 호기성처리방식 a. 호기성소화처리방식 b. 희석폭기처리방식 c. 일반활성오이처리방식 d. 이단활성오이처리방식 3) 무리화학적처리방식 습식산화처리방식 이들 중 혐기성소화방식은 악취때문에 환경에 나쁜 영향을 주는 경우가 많으므로 현재 그 건설수는 감소하고 있다. 습식산화방식은 한국에서 수개시설이 건설되어 있고 연구도 진행되고 있는 것으로 듣고 있다. 저자들은 호기성소화처리를 중심으로 한 호기성처리법의 연구를 1969년 이래 실시해왔는데, 최근의 시설은 호기성처리의 방식을 채택하는 경우가 주로 많아지고 있다. 따라서 호기성처리법에 대하여, 저자등의 연구를 중심으로 한 일본의 연구자의 성과를 소개하겠다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2008

In order to meet the stringent requirement of sludge disposal and to find ecological alternative, aerobic digestion coupled with alkaline pretreatment was studied. The treated sludge was tested for the potential of liquid fertilizer. In the aerobic digestion, it was obvious that the performance of digester B(fed with the sludge pretreated by NaOH) was better than that of digester A(fed with raw sludge) in terms of COD and SS removal. SS and VSS removal rates in digester B were 66% and 69%, respectively. At 5 days, TSS removal rate reached 47% in the digester B, which was 71% of final TSS removal rate. It revealed that the pretreatment process can shorten the retention time of aerobic digestion. 94.1% of TCOD in the raw sludge was reduced by alkaline pretreatment and aerobic digestion. Final SCOD was in the range of 220$\sim$230 mg/L implying the sludge was stabilized. Nitrification and pH drop were observed in the aerobic digestion. Final nitrate concentrations in digester A and B were 445.4 and 223.1 mg/L and final pH in digester B was 3.0. Biological assays reported that leaf size of cucumber seedling increased with nitrate concentration and sludge to soil ratio. The sludge treated by alkaline and aerobic digestion promoted the growth of seedling leaf and stem remarkably compared to raw sludge. In contrast, the aerobically digested sludge without pretreatment improved leaf growth and inhibited stem growth.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 1995

One of alternative conventional technologies used for treatment of livestock wastes is composting process, and recently some mechanical composting processes are being practiced. It is, however, recognized the composting process also has its own limitations such as longer time requirement, and difficulties to estimate the degree of decomposition, etc. The incomplete compost contains potentially harmful materials to crops and public health due to instabilized organic contents and pathogenic organisms. The purpose of this investigation is to develop an innovative system whereby anxious livestock wastes are thoroughly stabilized and disinfected. Thus the overall management scheme should meet the following requirements. 1. A system should be in a cost-effective and environmentally sound manner. 2. Sludges must be chemically stabilized and bacteriologically safe. 3. Odor-free by product should be applied to crop land. 4. Sludges are sources of fertilizer nutrients and/or soil amendments to enhance crop production. 5. And they can be used as potential pH adjusting agent of the acidified soils. Overall effectiveness of the developed system is experimentally tested to satisfy the preset criteria and requirements. Major experiments are divided into four categories: they are 1. chemical stability test, 2. optimal condition test of stabilization process, 3. bacteriological examination and disinfection tests, and 4. deodorization tests The stabilization process is consisted of the stabilizing reaction process and the drying process. Stabilized wastes is dried by both sun dryer and rotary dryer. It is shown that an additive dosage of about g/kg solid in wastes with a minimum of 5-minutes reaction would be necessary for effective stabilization reaction. The stabilization process is consisted of the stabilizing reaction process and drying process. Stabilized wastes are dried by both sun dryer and rotary dryer. It is shown that an additive dosage of about 300g/kg solid in wastes with a minimum of 5-minutes reaction would be necessary for effective stabilization reaction. In the stabilization reaction process, the pH of wastes is lowered from initial values of 12.3 to 8.6. High pH prevents odor production and kills pathogenic organisms. Organic matter contents in the stabilized wastes are about 50% and the sum of contents of fertilizer elements such as total nitrogen, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ are about 5.3%. The livestock wastes that are stabilized chemically and hygienically can be used as a good soil conditioner and/or organic fertilizer.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.627-632
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• 2019

In this study, Laminaria japonica was used as a substrate for a mixed aerobic microbial consortium. Laminaria japonica is well-known as a representative brown algal biomass possessing advantages of cheap cost, and high productivity and carbohydrate content. A biological saccharification system was established by inoculating and enriching the mixed aerobic microbial consortium. Production of the soluble carbohydrate and reducing sugar at different hydraulic retention times (HRT) was observed. The efficiency of saccharification increased according to the decrease of HRT. The maximum saccharification yield in a continuous biological pretreatment process was 17.96 and 4.30 g/L/day for the soluble carbohydrate and reducing sugar, respectively at the HRT of 1 day. In contrast, the staccharification yield decreased drastically at the HRT of 0.5 day. Experimental results indicate that Laminaria japonica is a promising material for the production of useful products, in particular for the saccharification through a biorefinery process. It can thus be concluded that a continuous biological pretreatment process using a mixed cultivation system can be successfully employed for the biorefinery technology.