• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.2 s.92
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• pp.151-159
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• 2006

The guide line of the SFRC mix design was not established, and the convenience of the practical application on the spot is not so good. In this paper, hence, the program which is optimized to result the mix proportion by the flexural strength and toughness, was developed to apply to SFRC on the practical spot. This program could minimize the number of trial mixes and get an economical and appropriate mixture. In addition, the theoretical background on which the program is based, will be the basis of the embodied method to mixing SFRC. Additionally, new algorithm, in this paper, was used to develop the mix proportioning program of SFRC. The new algorithm is the Harmony Search which is the heuristic method mimicking the improvisation of music players, Musical performances seek a best state determined by aesthetic estimation, as the optimization algorithms seek a best state determined by objected function value. And, it was developed the program about single fiber reinforced concrete, beside to the hybrid fiber reinforced concrete that two kinds of steel fibers, which have the different geometry, was reinforced. This will be able to keep the world trend to study, hence, offers the basis of the next research about hybrid fiber reinforced concrete.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2007

As one of the main support systems, rock bolts play a crucial role in the reinforcement of tunnels. Numerical and experimental studies using a transmission method of ultrasonic guided waves are performed to evaluate the integrity of rock bolts encapsulated by grouting paste. Numerical simulations using "DISPERSE" are carried out for the selection of the optimal experimental setup, i.e. non-destructive testing (NDT) system of the rock bolt. Based on results of the numerical simulation, the calculated frequency range for NDT testing is between 20kHz and 70kHz with the first longitudinal L(1) mode. Laboratory transmission tests are performed by attaching the piezo electric sensor at the tip of the rock bolt before embedding. Both of analytical and experimental results show that the amplitude of signals as well as the wave velocity increases with increase in the defect ratio of grouting paste. The defect in grouting paste means that the space around the rock bolt is not fully filled with the grouting paste. Experimental results also show that the increase of the wave velocity is more sensitive to the defect ratio increase than that of the amplitude. This study demonstrates that the transmission technique of ultrasonic guided waves may be a valuable tool in the evaluation of the rock bolt integrity.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.323-345
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• 2019

It is essential to predict ground conditions ahead of a tunnel face in order to successfully excavate tunnels using a shield TBM. This study proposes a forward prediction method for a mixed soil ground and/or a ground containing core stones by using electrical resistivity and induced polarization exploration. Soil conditioning in EPB shield TBM is dependent upon the composition of mixed soils; a special care need to be taken when excavating the core-stoned soil ground using TBM. The resistivity and chargeability are assumed to be measured with four electrodes at the tunnel face, whenever the excavation is stopped to assemble one ring of a segment lining. Firstly, the mixed ground consisting of weathered granite soil, sand, and clay was modeled in laboratory-scale experiments. Experimental results show that the measured electrical resistivity considerably coincides with the analytical solution. On the other hand, the induced polarization has either same or opposite trend with the measured resistivity depending on the mixed ground conditions. Based on these experimental results, a method to predict the mixed soil ground that can be used during TBM tunnel driving is suggested. Secondly, tunnel excavation from a homogeneous ground to a ground containing core stones was modeled in laboratory scale; the irregularity of the core stones contained in the soil layer was modeled through random number generation scheme. Experimental results show that as the TBM approaches the ground that contains core stones, the electrical resistivity increases and the induced polarization fluctuates.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2022

In this paper, we proposed a thickness measurement method of concrete slab using GPR, and the verification of the suggested algorithm was carried out through real-scale experiment. The thickness measurement algorithm developed in this study is to set the relative dielectric constant based on the unique shape of parabola, and time series data can be converted to thickness information. GPR scanning were conducted in four types of slab structure for noise reduction, including finishing mortar, autoclaved lightweight concrete, and noise damping layer. The thickness obtained by GPR was compared with Boring data, and the average error was 1.95 mm. In order to investigate the effect of finishing materials on the slab, additional three types of finishing materials were placed, and the following average error was 1.70 mm. In addition, sampling interval from device, the effect of radius on the shape of parabola, and Boring error were comprehensively discussed. Based on the experimental verification, GPR scanning and the suggested algorithm have a great potential that they can be applied to the thickness measurement of finishing mortar from concrete slab with high accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2023

The electric submersible pump (ESP) has been operating in production wells around the world because of its high applicability and operational efficiency among artificial lift techniques. When operating an ESP in a reservoir, variables such as temperature, pressure, gas/oil ratio, and flow rate are factors that affect ESP performance. In particular, free gas in the production fluid is a major factor that reduces the life and operational efficiency of ESP. This study presents the flow loop system which can implement the performance and damage tests of ESP considering field operating conditions to quantitatively analyze the variables that affect ESP performance. The developed apparatus in an integrated system that can diagnose the failure and causes of ESP, and detect leak of tubing by linking ESP and tubing as one system. In this study, the flow conditions for stable operation of ESP were identified through single phase and two phase flow experiments related to evaluation for the performance of ESP. The results provide the basic data to develop the failure prediction and diagnosis program of ESP, and are expected to be used for real-time monitoring for optimal operating conditions and failure diagnosis for ESP operation.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.6C
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• pp.259-266
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• 2009

The steel pipe of steel-concrete composite piles increases the pile strength and induces the ductile failure by constraining the deformation of the inner concrete. In this research, the numerical models and the related input parameters were analyzed to simulate the axial load-movement relations, which were obtained from the compression loading tests for the cylindrical specimens of the steel pipe, the concrete, and the steel-concrete composite. As the results, the behavior of the steel pipe was simulated by the von-Mises model and that of the concrete by the strain-softening model, which decreases cohesion and dilation angles as the function of plastic strains. In addition, the reinforcing bars in the concrete were simulated by applying the yielding moment and decreasing the sectional area of the bars. The applied numerical models properly simulated the yielding behavior and the reinforcement effect of the steel-concrete composite piles. The parametric study for the real-size piles showed that the material strength of the steel-concrete composite pile increased about 10% for the axial loading and about 20~45% for the horizontal loading due to the reinforcement effect by the surrounding steel pipe pile.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2015

In this study, the estimation of axial load and total axial load was conducted using Bridge Weigh-in-Motion(BWIM) technique which generally consists of devices for measuring the strain induced in the bridge by the vehicles. axle detectors for collecting information on vehicle velocity and axle spacing. and data acquisition equipment. Vehicle driving test for the development of the BWIM system is necessary but it needs much cost and time. In addition, it demands various driving conditions for the test. Thus, we need a numerical-simulation method for resolving the cost and time problems of vehicle driving tests, and a way of measuring bridge response according to various driving conditions. Using a bridge model reflecting the dynamic characteristic contributes to increased accuracy in numerical simulation. In this paper, we conduct a numerical simulation which reflects the dynamic characteristic of a bridge using the Bridge Weigh-in-Motion technique, and suggest overload vehicle enforcement technology.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1339-1345
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• 2015

Korean government annually estimates and reports the traffic safety index to evaluate the traffic safety of 228 Gu Gun. However, since the traffic safety index is derived from the spatially macroscopic perspective based on collected relative data, there are a couple of problems such as inability to investigate the individual traffic accidents on the spot, insecurity of accuracy and reliability of traffic safety index estimation method, and absence of establishing temporal relationship of traffic accidents. Thus, this study investigated temporal traffic safety in macroscopic manner for Gu Gun in Busan depending on the installation of the traffic safety facility (i.e., urban median), employing meta analysis. As a result, all Gu Gun in Busan except Saha, Buk, Dong, and Busanjin experienced more traffic accidents after installing the urban median, indicating that there are more rooms for improvement of macroscopic traffic safety evaluation.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.277-288
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• 1995

Fracture detection has always been very attractive to the log, because it is important in many of our prospecting activities, e.g. in understanding the underground rock formation and also the fluid flow as a high permeability path. This paper demonstrates the use of high resolution borehole acoustic scanner for the detection of fractures. The tool, known as Televiewer, is the first acoustic borehole imaging system to use a focussed beam. The acoustic beams generated by a single transducer are sent toward the borehole wall, scanning the wall in a tight helix as the tool moves along the borehole. The amplitudes and travel times of the reflected signals are then measured, which produces the corresponding images. The highly resolved amplitude image allows to recognize various size of fractures and in addition to derive the rock strength from the image. Meanwhile, the travel time image itself can be directly converted to a precise caliper image, providing detailed information of deviations of the borehole shape. It also allows correction of and explanations for amplitude variations. Field measurements were carried Out at the Cheongyang study sites in Korea to illustrate the efficiency of the televiewer log.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.129-136
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• 2011

Variable Message Signs have been used for providing information on the current traffic conditions. However, it is considered more important to achieve optimal traffic allocation among the alternative routes by strategic VMS information provision. Fuzzy control is very effective and efficient to deal with such systems that are too complex and uncertain to build mathematical models. In this paper, a fuzzy feedback controller for VMS is proposed, whose goal is to achieve the travel time equilibrium between the two alternative routes. The performance of the suggested controller is implemented and examined using MATLAB/Simulink. More robust controller applicable to a real highway network is suggested for the further research.