• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.1 s.38
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• pp.55-61
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• 1979

Since rice high yielding practices with blast resistant varieties induced severe and earlier infestation of sheath blight recently, it is strongly suggested to spray at least 10 days earlier than the present recommendation and more than 2 sprays from early July to early August seems to be essential for the efficient control of sheath blight in the future. Among organo-arsenic fungicides, MAFe (Neo Asozin) is known as the most effective and economic as well as with the advantages of free phytotoxicity and safe residure on rice, and applications of the mixed formulation with other fungicide and insecticide is suitable for the one-hit control of rice diseases and insect pests in connection with cooperative mass control system. Present level of arsenic $(As_2O_3)$ residue in .ice is summarized as 0.2ppm to 0.65 ppm in highest average, and there are more possibilities of extensive MAFe fungicide uses for the efficient and economic control of this disease. During the past few years, the acreage of sheath blight control has been extended several times while the increase of the fungicides used for sheath blight showing about 10 times in quantity and mort than 15 times in amount, and also the fungicide cost estimated for the control is differ from 1 to 12 billion 1on by the use of MAFe or antibiotic fungicide in a year.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2020

This paper proposes a solution to the problems of constructing and installing sway braces for existing standpipes in narrow spaces and pits. The study develops a floor-fixed sway brace for a narrow space that can support the ground area under horizontal seismic loads (X-axis, Y-axis) as well as vertical seismic loads (Z-axis). The results of structural analysis using SolidWorks simulation showed that the eccentric load was generated in the first design according to the anchored position along the vertical direction, and the problem of exceeding the allowable stress of the material along the horizontal and vertical directions. In the second design model, deformation caused by the eccentric load along the vertical direction, similar to the first design model, did not occur. The maximum strain rate was 0.17%, which is approximately 12.84% less than the first design model (Maximum strain rate of 13.01%). It was confirmed that the structural stability and durability improved. Compressive and tensile load testing of the prototypes showed that all of them meet the performance criteria of the standard.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 1992

Residue of Propineb in Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) seed was determined to establish an index for the safety use of Propineb to Sesame. Evaluation was made on residual concentration of Propineb in Sesame seed as a function of application frequency and date when the mixed formulations of Propineb(56%), protectant fungicide, and Oxadixyl(8%), contact fungicide, were sprayed into Sesame leaves. Level of Propineb treatment was $0.028g/m^2$ with various combinations of application time from three to sixty days before harvest. Results are summarized as followings. 1. Recovery percentages of Propineb from Sesame seed were ranged from 84 to 96, and the minimum detectable limit of Propineb with the method employed in this experiment was 0.03mg/kg. 2. Residues of Propineb in Sesame seed were in the ranges of 0.14 to 1.38mg/kg, varying with frequency and date of Propineb application. 3. Residues of Propineb increased as increasing application frequency of Propineb or as being application date closer to harvest time. 4. Residue of Propineb in Sesame seed was decreased with time, showing to be fitted to the first-order kinetics. 5. Residues of Propineb in Sesame seen were, irresepective of treatments, lower than 2mg/kg, the Maximum Residue Limit(MRL) established by FAO/WHO. 6. Half-life of Propineb determined in this experiment was ranged from 12 to 16 days.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

In view of energy supply, biogas can be seen as alternative fuel by substituting considerable amount of fossil fuel and may be utilized for heat and power production or for transport fuel production ($CH_4-enriched$ biogas). The aim of this research is to analyse the emission of $NO_x$ and CO from biogas fired combustion engine for electric power production. The result indicate a significant effect of biogas composition ($CH_4-CO_2$ ratio) and biogas flow rate on the air pollutants emission. The emission factors from this study were compared with those of U.S. EPA. Low $CH_4-CO_2$ ratio condition typically shows the lower $NO_x$ and CO emission than higher $CH_4-CO_2$ ratio condition. At normal $CH_4-CO_2$ ratio (7:3) emission factors of $NO_x$ and CO were 1.29 and 30.43 g/MMBtu, respectively. At low $CH_4-CO_2$, ratio (6:4) emission factors of $NO_x$ and CO were 0.646 and 60.86 g/MMBtu, respectively, It should be emphasized that the actual emission may vary considerably from these results due to operating conditions including torque load and engine speed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the levels of pesticide residues in fruits and to assess their risk to human health. METHODS AND RESULTS: Monitoring of 215 samples of fruits collected from local markets in incheon during 2013 was performed. 259 pesticides were analyzed by multi-residue method and Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and safe/Mass/Mass(QuEChERS/MS/MS) method using Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector/Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector(GC-ECD/NPD), GC-MS, LC(Liquid Chromatography-Mass/Mass(LC-MS/MS) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array/Fluorescence Detector(HPLC-PDA/FLD). In 56.3% of the samples detected pesticide residues and were not found to exceed Maximum Residue Limits(MRL). The highest detected samples were found in citrus fruits(83.9%). Among the detected compounds, carbendazim(13.1%), imazalil (11.7%), thiabendazole(10.7%) and fludioxonil(9.8%) were frequently found in fruits. A risk assessment of pesticide residues in fruits was performed by calculating Estimated Daily Intake(EDI) and Acceptable Daily Intake(ADI). Also, we were evaluated removal efficiency of pesticide residues by washing and peeling. The removal efficiency of pesticide residues in citrus and tropical fruits by peeling processes were 91.6%. After the washing process, the removal rates were 43.1%(Cherry, Grape, Blueberry). CONCLUSION: The level of pesticide residues in fruits was within the MRL. The range of %ADI values was from 0.00011 to 0.98795%. The process of washing or peeling reduces the level of pesticide residues. The results of this research concluded that the detected pesticides are not harmful to human being.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.549-560
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• 2015

The priorities of siting restriction was derived from quantification of environmental hazard according to industrial classification based on 'Chemical Ranking and Scoring System(CRS)' which is handling the discharge characteristics of 31 industrial classifications regulated from locating at 'Industrial Complex in Rural Area(ICRA)'. CRS that is utilizing the data of 'Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers(PRTR)' is applied to determine human health risk and ecological risk which are calculated by discharged amount and materials $LC_{50}$ according to water, soil and air media based on industrial classification. From this process, exposure assessment and toxicity assessment for integrating the adverse environmental impact and the mitigation effect of environmental risk according to the development of environmental technologies into establishing the rational landuse management method for the 31 industrial classifications regulated from locating at ICRA was analyzed. From the assessment result of the siting restriction removal at ICRA for 31 industrial classifications, based on 2012 year reference 6 industries that includes Manufacture of Guilt Coloration Surface Processing Steel Materials, Manufacture of Biological Product, Manufacture of Smelting Refining and Alloys of Copper, Dyeing and Finishing of Fibers and Yarns, Manufacture of Other Basic Iron and Steel n.e.c., Rolling Drawing and Extruding of Non-ferrous Metals n.e.c. are calculated as having relatively lower environmental hazards, thus it is judged that the siting restriction mitigation at ICRA is possible for the 6 industrial classifications that are not discharging the specific hazardous water contaminants during manufacturing process.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.405-416
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• 1995

FBs, secondary metabolites of several species of Fusaria, especially Fusarium moniliforme and F proliferatum, are commonly contaminated in com and other food grains throughout the world. Only recently identified, these mycotoxins have been associated field outbreaks of ELEM in horses and PPE in pigs. Currently, naturally or experimentally induced FB toxicosis has been studied in poultry, ruminants and rabbits. Poultry fed FB showed decreased growth rate, performance, and immune competence, as well as embryopathic, and embryocidal effects, and ricktes. Ruminants seem to be relatively less susceptible to FBs than other doestic animal. FB toxicosis reveals that liver is a target organ in all species, although other organs are affected in a species specific manner. Recently, the main target organs for $FB_1$ toxicity in rabbits was shown to be the kidney. Even low concentrations of FBs are likely to be a problem for animal health. A current study being conducted showed that feed containing low level of $FB_1$ reduces the ability of pulmonary intravascular macrophages in pig to clear blood-borne particles which would increase the susceptibility of animals to bacterial disease. The mechanism of FB toxicity remains unknown, but may be related to altered sphingolipid biosynthesis by inhibiting sphinganine N-acyltransferase. Elevations of serum and tissue SA:SO ratio have been observed in horse, pig, chicken, turkey, and rabbit, which could could serve as in effective biomarker for consumption of FB-containing feeds. There is limited information detailing dose-effect relationships either from field cases or in the laboratory. More research on the factors, including the prevalence and tolerance levels of FBs in feedstuffs that cause domestic animal disease associated with FBs, is urgently needed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.1098-1099
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• 2015

${\bullet}$ 시험대상: 영월태양광 4,990kW(998kW ${\times}$ 5호) ${\bullet}$ 13.07.31 연계기술검토의뢰 ${\bullet}$ 13.08.28 한전검토결과: 인근변전소 영월S/S(40MW) 초과로 10.8km 지점의 평창 D/L 평창간 347호 주진S/S에 다음의 보완대책과 연계 권고 ${\cdot}$ 문제점: 적정전압이탈 및 순시전압변동률 유지불가 ${\cdot}$ 연계기준만족을 위해 한전에서 제시한 보완대책 : 계통용량증설(설비보강), 연계용량 감소 및 전용선로 연계 ${\bullet}$ 14.01.09 분산형설치자의 용역사(에이스기술단)에서 송배전용전기설비 이용규정과 연계기준 만족을 위한 보완대책 제안 ${\cdot}$ 태양광발전시스템 인버터 자동전압(역률/무효전력) 조정기능 및 감시설비 구비 ${\cdot}$ 최적 공통연결점 선정: 분산형전원으로 부터 전기적으로 가장 가까운 영월D/L 영월S/S측에 개폐장치설치 하고 주진S/S 측으로 연계 ${\bullet}$ 14.01.29~06.19 한전(전력연구원)의 유효성 검토 ${\cdot}$ 보완대책 기술적 유효(실증시험 시행 후 시행공문 발송 예정) ${\bullet}$ 14.08.08 송배전용전기설비 이용규정 개정에 따른 협의 ${\cdot}$ 변압기 대당 20MW에서 25MW ${\cdot}$ 변전소 전체 60MW에서 75MW까지 허용 ${\cdot}$ 영월 S/S 측 문곡/영월 D/L 연계 공사 협의 ${\bullet}$ 14.10.04 사용전검사, 한전계통연계운전 시작 ${\bullet}$ 인버터 고정역률(99.9~100%) 운전 시험 ${\cdot}$ 14.11.21 22.9kV 계전기(SEL-751) 5대, 15분 간격 자료저장 ${\cdot}$ SEL-751/USB to RS232C/노트북 15분간격 측정(첨부) ${\bullet}$ 14.03.07 인버터 역률 95.0% 조정 15분간격 측정(첨부) ${\bullet}$ 변압기탭 선정과 인버터전압조정협조시험 계획 ${\cdot}$ 변압기탭을 현장에서 상하 1탭씩 변경 ${\cdot}$ 인버터역률을 인버터공급사에서 원격조정 ${\cdot}$ 22.9kV 보호계전기 SEL-751, 15분 간격 측정 ${\cdot}$ 인버터 370V 계전기 K-PAM DG3000/현장감시설비 연계 ${\cdot}$ 15분 간격 측정 저장 ${\cdot}$ 현장감시설비/인터넷 연결 원격측정(첨부예정)

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.664-668
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• 2018

Free-standing structures that are especially high are more likely to receive brain attacks caused by lightning. Since special structures are generally part of national industrial structures, lightning strikes mostly cause socio-economic damage. Lightning protection facilities are installed to prevent such lightning damage, but in 2015, support cables on West Sea bridges were hit by lightning, causing a lot of economic damage. Accordingly, the design of a lightning protection system shall establish protective measures after analyzing the risk of debris falling onto the structure. In this thesis, lightning strikes are analyzed directly in relation to the modeling system that operates the actual information collection system for lightning strikes, depending on the location of the tall, free-standing structures, and practical lightning hazard information is provided by a meteorological station. In addition, we propose monitoring and applying a probability correction rate to the calculation of the lightning risk based on the number of lightning strikes directly reaching the ground in order to obtain an effective lightning risk assessment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-127
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• 2007

In this study, a model to calculate the expected total construction cost is developed that simultaneously considers the rehabilitation cost related to the sliding of the caisson, the economic damage cost due to harbor shutdown in the event of excessive caisson sliding, and the economic damage cost due to temporal operational stoppage by excessive wave overtopping. A discount rate is used to convert the damage costs occurred at different times to the present value. The optimal cross-section of a caisson is defined as the cross-section that requires a minimum expected total construction cost within the allowable limit for the expected sliding distance of the caisson during the lifetime of the breakwater. Two values are used for the allowable limit: 0.3 and 0.1 m. It was found that the economic damage cost due to harbor shutdown by excessive caisson sliding is more critical than the rehabilitation cost of the caisson or the economic damage cost by excessive wave overtopping in the decision of the optimal cross-section. In addition, the optimal cross-section of the caisson was shown to be determined by the allowable limit for the expected sliding distance rather than the minimum expected total construction cost as a larger value is used for the threshold sliding distance of the caisson for harbor shutdown.